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The Last of the Foresters
The Last of the Foresters

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Last of the Foresters is here in full — 119 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
PROJECTS OF REVENGE, INVOLVING HISTORICAL DETAILS.
The companions looked at each other and shook their heads; Mr. Jinks threateningly, Ralph doubtfully.
That gentleman seemed to be dubious of his friend's ability to prepare a revenge suitable to the deserts of O'Brallaghan, who had sold his favorite coat.
Mr. Jinks, however, looked like a man certain of victory.
"Revenge, sir," said Mr. Jinks, "is of two descriptions.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Last of the Foresters

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Last of the Foresters is here in full — 119 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PROJECTS OF REVENGE, INVOLVING HISTORICAL DETAILS.
/ˈprɑːdʒekts ʌv riˈvendʒ ˌɪnˈvɑːlvɪŋ hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl dɪˈteɪlz/
Line 2
The companions looked at each other and shook their heads; Mr. Jinks threateningly, Ralph doubtfully.
Line 3
That gentleman seemed to be dubious of his friend's ability to prepare a revenge suitable to the deserts of O'Brallaghan, who had sold his favorite coat.
Line 4
Mr. Jinks, however, looked like a man certain of victory.
/ˈmɪstər dʒɪŋks ˌhaʊˈevər lʊkt laɪk ə mæn ˈsɜːrtən ʌv ˈvɪktəri/
Line 5
"Revenge, sir," said Mr. Jinks, "is of two descriptions.
/riˈvendʒ sɜːr sed ˈmɪstər dʒɪŋks ɪz ʌv tuː dɪˈskrɪpʃənz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

descriptions noun US /dɪˈskrɪpʃənz/

plural of “description” — a statement that represents something in words

From this reading “"Revenge, sir," said Mr. Jinks, "is of two descriptions.”

deserts noun US /ˈdezərts/

plural of “desert” — arid land with little or no vegetation

From this reading “That gentleman seemed to be dubious of his friend's ability to prepare a revenge suitable to the deserts of O'Brallaghan, who had sold his favorite coat.”

dubious adjective US /ˈduːbiəs/

fraught with uncertainty or doubt

From this reading “That gentleman seemed to be dubious of his friend's ability to prepare a revenge suitable to the deserts of O'Brallaghan, who had sold his favorite coat.”

historical adjective US /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to the study of history

From this reading “PROJECTS OF REVENGE, INVOLVING HISTORICAL DETAILS.”

involving verb US /ˌɪnˈvɑːlvɪŋ/

-ing form of “involve” — connect closely and often incriminatingly

From this reading “PROJECTS OF REVENGE, INVOLVING HISTORICAL DETAILS.”

Jinks noun US /dʒɪŋks/

noisy and mischievous merrymaking

From this reading “The companions looked at each other and shook their heads; Mr. Jinks threateningly, Ralph doubtfully.”

projects noun US /ˈprɑːdʒekts/

plural of “project” — any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading “PROJECTS OF REVENGE, INVOLVING HISTORICAL DETAILS.”

threateningly adverb US /ˈθretənɪŋli/

in a menacing manner

From this reading “The companions looked at each other and shook their heads; Mr. Jinks threateningly, Ralph doubtfully.”

All words in this reading · 50

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading That gentleman seemed to be dubious of his friend's ability to prepare a revenge suitable to the deserts of O'Brallaghan, who had sold his favorite coat.

abilitynounUS /əˈbɪlətiː/

the quality of being able to perform; a quality that permits or facilitates achievement or accomplishment

From this reading That gentleman seemed to be dubious of his friend's ability to prepare a revenge suitable to the deserts of O'Brallaghan, who had sold his favorite coat.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The companions looked at each other and shook their heads; Mr. Jinks threateningly, Ralph doubtfully.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The companions looked at each other and shook their heads; Mr. Jinks threateningly, Ralph doubtfully.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading That gentleman seemed to be dubious of his friend's ability to prepare a revenge suitable to the deserts of O'Brallaghan, who had sold his favorite coat.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Mr. Jinks, however, looked like a man certain of victory.

coatnounUS /koʊt/

an outer garment that has sleeves and covers the body from shoulder down; worn outdoors

From this reading That gentleman seemed to be dubious of his friend's ability to prepare a revenge suitable to the deserts of O'Brallaghan, who had sold his favorite coat.

companionsnounUS /kəmˈpænjənz/

plural of “companion” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading The companions looked at each other and shook their heads; Mr. Jinks threateningly, Ralph doubtfully.

descriptionsnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃənz/

plural of “description” — a statement that represents something in words

From this reading "Revenge, sir," said Mr. Jinks, "is of two descriptions.

desertsnounUS /ˈdezərts/

plural of “desert” — arid land with little or no vegetation

From this reading That gentleman seemed to be dubious of his friend's ability to prepare a revenge suitable to the deserts of O'Brallaghan, who had sold his favorite coat.

DETAILSnounUS /dɪˈteɪlz/

true confidential information

From this reading PROJECTS OF REVENGE, INVOLVING HISTORICAL DETAILS.

doubtfullyadverb

in a doubtful manner

From this reading The companions looked at each other and shook their heads; Mr. Jinks threateningly, Ralph doubtfully.

dubiousadjectiveUS /ˈduːbiəs/

fraught with uncertainty or doubt

From this reading That gentleman seemed to be dubious of his friend's ability to prepare a revenge suitable to the deserts of O'Brallaghan, who had sold his favorite coat.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading The companions looked at each other and shook their heads; Mr. Jinks threateningly, Ralph doubtfully.

favoritenounUS /ˈfeɪvərɪt/

something regarded with special favor or liking

From this reading That gentleman seemed to be dubious of his friend's ability to prepare a revenge suitable to the deserts of O'Brallaghan, who had sold his favorite coat.

friend'snounUS /frendz/

possessive form of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading That gentleman seemed to be dubious of his friend's ability to prepare a revenge suitable to the deserts of O'Brallaghan, who had sold his favorite coat.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading That gentleman seemed to be dubious of his friend's ability to prepare a revenge suitable to the deserts of O'Brallaghan, who had sold his favorite coat.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading That gentleman seemed to be dubious of his friend's ability to prepare a revenge suitable to the deserts of O'Brallaghan, who had sold his favorite coat.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading The companions looked at each other and shook their heads; Mr. Jinks threateningly, Ralph doubtfully.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading That gentleman seemed to be dubious of his friend's ability to prepare a revenge suitable to the deserts of O'Brallaghan, who had sold his favorite coat.

HISTORICALadjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to the study of history

From this reading PROJECTS OF REVENGE, INVOLVING HISTORICAL DETAILS.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Mr. Jinks, however, looked like a man certain of victory.

INVOLVINGverbUS /ˌɪnˈvɑːlvɪŋ/

-ing form of “involve” — connect closely and often incriminatingly

From this reading PROJECTS OF REVENGE, INVOLVING HISTORICAL DETAILS.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Revenge, sir," said Mr. Jinks, "is of two descriptions.

JinksnounUS /dʒɪŋks/

noisy and mischievous merrymaking

From this reading The companions looked at each other and shook their heads; Mr. Jinks threateningly, Ralph doubtfully.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Mr. Jinks, however, looked like a man certain of victory.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading The companions looked at each other and shook their heads; Mr. Jinks threateningly, Ralph doubtfully.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Mr. Jinks, however, looked like a man certain of victory.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading The companions looked at each other and shook their heads; Mr. Jinks threateningly, Ralph doubtfully.

O'Brallaghan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That gentleman seemed to be dubious of his friend's ability to prepare a revenge suitable to the deserts of O'Brallaghan, who had sold his favorite coat.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading PROJECTS OF REVENGE, INVOLVING HISTORICAL DETAILS.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The companions looked at each other and shook their heads; Mr. Jinks threateningly, Ralph doubtfully.

prepareverbUS /priˈper/

make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc

From this reading That gentleman seemed to be dubious of his friend's ability to prepare a revenge suitable to the deserts of O'Brallaghan, who had sold his favorite coat.

PROJECTSnounUS /ˈprɑːdʒekts/

plural of “project” — any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading PROJECTS OF REVENGE, INVOLVING HISTORICAL DETAILS.

Ralph

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The companions looked at each other and shook their heads; Mr. Jinks threateningly, Ralph doubtfully.

REVENGEnounUS /riˈvendʒ/

action taken in return for an injury or offense

From this reading PROJECTS OF REVENGE, INVOLVING HISTORICAL DETAILS.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "Revenge, sir," said Mr. Jinks, "is of two descriptions.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading That gentleman seemed to be dubious of his friend's ability to prepare a revenge suitable to the deserts of O'Brallaghan, who had sold his favorite coat.

shooknounUS /ʃʊk/

a disassembled barrel; the parts packed for storage or shipment

From this reading The companions looked at each other and shook their heads; Mr. Jinks threateningly, Ralph doubtfully.

sirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading "Revenge, sir," said Mr. Jinks, "is of two descriptions.

soldadjectiveUS /soʊld/

disposed of to a purchaser

From this reading That gentleman seemed to be dubious of his friend's ability to prepare a revenge suitable to the deserts of O'Brallaghan, who had sold his favorite coat.

suitableadjectiveUS /ˈsuːtəbəl/

meant or adapted for an occasion or use

From this reading That gentleman seemed to be dubious of his friend's ability to prepare a revenge suitable to the deserts of O'Brallaghan, who had sold his favorite coat.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That gentleman seemed to be dubious of his friend's ability to prepare a revenge suitable to the deserts of O'Brallaghan, who had sold his favorite coat.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The companions looked at each other and shook their heads; Mr. Jinks threateningly, Ralph doubtfully.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The companions looked at each other and shook their heads; Mr. Jinks threateningly, Ralph doubtfully.

threateninglyadverbUS /ˈθretənɪŋli/

in a menacing manner

From this reading The companions looked at each other and shook their heads; Mr. Jinks threateningly, Ralph doubtfully.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading That gentleman seemed to be dubious of his friend's ability to prepare a revenge suitable to the deserts of O'Brallaghan, who had sold his favorite coat.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading "Revenge, sir," said Mr. Jinks, "is of two descriptions.

victorynounUS /ˈvɪktəri/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading Mr. Jinks, however, looked like a man certain of victory.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading That gentleman seemed to be dubious of his friend's ability to prepare a revenge suitable to the deserts of O'Brallaghan, who had sold his favorite coat.

Chapter 31 of The Last of the Foresters by John Esten Cooke holds 119 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Last of the Foresters contain?

Chapter 31 holds 119 sentences of The Last of the Foresters, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Last of the Foresters by John Esten Cooke exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 119 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Last of the Foresters?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Last of the Foresters

Common questions about reading The Last of the Foresters by John Esten Cooke on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Last of the Foresters?

Yes. All 6360 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #10560 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Last of the Foresters is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #10560, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Last of the Foresters take to read?

About 530 minutes of reading across 1272 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Last of the Foresters

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Last of the Foresters, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Apple
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last of the Foresters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Orchard
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last of the Foresters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bright
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last of the Foresters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
October
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last of the Foresters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.