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The Last of the Mohicans
The Last of the Mohicans

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Last of the Mohicans is here in full — 227 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/45 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
If you deny me, fie upon your law!
There is no force in the decrees of Venice: I stand for judgment: answer, shall I have it?”
Merchant of Venice The silence continued unbroken by human sounds for many anxious minutes.
Then the waving multitude opened and shut again, and Uncas stood in the living circle.
All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Last of the Mohicans

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Last of the Mohicans is here in full — 227 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/45 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
If you deny me, fie upon your law!
Line 2
There is no force in the decrees of Venice: I stand for judgment: answer, shall I have it?”
/ðer ɪz noʊ fɔːrs ɪn ðə dɪˈkriːz ʌv ˈvenəs aɪ stænd fɔːr ˈdʒʌdʒmənt ˈænsər ʃæl aɪ hæv ɪt/
Line 3
Merchant of Venice The silence continued unbroken by human sounds for many anxious minutes.
/ˈmɜːr.tʃənt ʌv ˈvenəs ðə ˈsaɪ.ləns kənˈtɪnjuːd ənˈbroʊkən baɪ ˈhjuːmən saʊndz fɔːr ˈmeni ˈæŋkʃəs ˈmɪnəts/
Line 4
Then the waving multitude opened and shut again, and Uncas stood in the living circle.
Line 5
All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

agile adjective US /ˈædʒəl/

moving quickly and lightly

From this reading “All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.”

captive noun US /ˈkæptɪv/

a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading “All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.”

decrees noun US /dɪˈkriːz/

plural of “decree” — a legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or judge)

From this reading “There is no force in the decrees of Venice: I stand for judgment: answer, shall I have it?””

erect verb US /ɪˈrekt/

construct, build, or erect

From this reading “All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.”

sage noun US /seɪdʒ/

a mentor in spiritual and philosophical topics who is renowned for profound wisdom

From this reading “All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.”

studying noun US /ˈstʌdiɪŋ/

reading carefully with intent to remember

From this reading “All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.”

unbroken adjective US /ənˈbroʊkən/

marked by continuous or uninterrupted extension in space or time or sequence

From this reading “—Merchant of Venice The silence continued unbroken by human sounds for many anxious minutes.”

Venice noun US /ˈvenəs/

the provincial capital of Veneto; built on 118 islands within a lagoon in the Gulf of Venice; has canals instead of streets; one of Italy's major ports and a famous tourist attraction

From this reading “There is no force in the decrees of Venice: I stand for judgment: answer, shall I have it?””

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

admirationnounUS /ˌædmərˈeɪʃən/

a feeling of delighted approval and liking

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Then the waving multitude opened and shut again, and Uncas stood in the living circle.

agileadjectiveUS /ˈædʒəl/

moving quickly and lightly

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Then the waving multitude opened and shut again, and Uncas stood in the living circle.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading There is no force in the decrees of Venice: I stand for judgment: answer, shall I have it?”

anxiousadjectiveUS /ˈæŋkʃəs/

eagerly desirous

From this reading —Merchant of Venice The silence continued unbroken by human sounds for many anxious minutes.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

bentnounUS /bent/

a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading —Merchant of Venice The silence continued unbroken by human sounds for many anxious minutes.

captivenounUS /ˈkæptɪv/

a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

circlenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəl/

ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading Then the waving multitude opened and shut again, and Uncas stood in the living circle.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading —Merchant of Venice The silence continued unbroken by human sounds for many anxious minutes.

curiouslyadverbUS /ˈkjʊriəsli/

in a manner differing from the usual or expected

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

decreesnounUS /dɪˈkriːz/

plural of “decree” — a legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or judge)

From this reading There is no force in the decrees of Venice: I stand for judgment: answer, shall I have it?”

denyverbUS /dɪˈnaɪ/

declare untrue; contradict

From this reading “If you deny me, fie upon your law!

erectverbUS /ɪˈrekt/

construct, build, or erect

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

faultlessadjective

without fault or error

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

fie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “If you deny me, fie upon your law!

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading There is no force in the decrees of Venice: I stand for judgment: answer, shall I have it?”

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading There is no force in the decrees of Venice: I stand for judgment: answer, shall I have it?”

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading There is no force in the decrees of Venice: I stand for judgment: answer, shall I have it?”

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading —Merchant of Venice The silence continued unbroken by human sounds for many anxious minutes.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading There is no force in the decrees of Venice: I stand for judgment: answer, shall I have it?”

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading “If you deny me, fie upon your law!

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There is no force in the decrees of Venice: I stand for judgment: answer, shall I have it?”

instantnounUS /ˈɪnstənt/

a very short time (as the time it takes the eye to blink or the heart to beat)

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

intelligencenounUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒəns/

the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There is no force in the decrees of Venice: I stand for judgment: answer, shall I have it?”

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading There is no force in the decrees of Venice: I stand for judgment: answer, shall I have it?”

judgmentnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

an opinion formed by judging something

From this reading There is no force in the decrees of Venice: I stand for judgment: answer, shall I have it?”

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading “If you deny me, fie upon your law!

lineaments

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading Then the waving multitude opened and shut again, and Uncas stood in the living circle.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading —Merchant of Venice The silence continued unbroken by human sounds for many anxious minutes.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “If you deny me, fie upon your law!

MerchantnounUS /ˈmɜːr.tʃənt/

A person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially with foreign countries.

From this reading —Merchant of Venice The silence continued unbroken by human sounds for many anxious minutes.

minutesnounUS /ˈmɪnəts/

a written account of what transpired at a meeting

From this reading —Merchant of Venice The silence continued unbroken by human sounds for many anxious minutes.

multitudenounUS /ˈmʌltətuːd/

a large indefinite number

From this reading Then the waving multitude opened and shut again, and Uncas stood in the living circle.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There is no force in the decrees of Venice: I stand for judgment: answer, shall I have it?”

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There is no force in the decrees of Venice: I stand for judgment: answer, shall I have it?”

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading Then the waving multitude opened and shut again, and Uncas stood in the living circle.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

sagenounUS /seɪdʒ/

a mentor in spiritual and philosophical topics who is renowned for profound wisdom

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading There is no force in the decrees of Venice: I stand for judgment: answer, shall I have it?”

shutverbUS /ʃʌt/

move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut

From this reading Then the waving multitude opened and shut again, and Uncas stood in the living circle.

silencenounUS /ˈsaɪ.ləns/

Complete absence of sound; a state of quietness and stillness.

From this reading —Merchant of Venice The silence continued unbroken by human sounds for many anxious minutes.

soundsnounUS /saʊndz/

plural of “sound” — the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading —Merchant of Venice The silence continued unbroken by human sounds for many anxious minutes.

sourcenounUS /sɔːrs/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading There is no force in the decrees of Venice: I stand for judgment: answer, shall I have it?”

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading Then the waving multitude opened and shut again, and Uncas stood in the living circle.

studyingnounUS /ˈstʌdiɪŋ/

reading carefully with intent to remember

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading There is no force in the decrees of Venice: I stand for judgment: answer, shall I have it?”

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then the waving multitude opened and shut again, and Uncas stood in the living circle.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There is no force in the decrees of Venice: I stand for judgment: answer, shall I have it?”

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

unbrokenadjectiveUS /ənˈbroʊkən/

marked by continuous or uninterrupted extension in space or time or sequence

From this reading —Merchant of Venice The silence continued unbroken by human sounds for many anxious minutes.

Uncas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then the waving multitude opened and shut again, and Uncas stood in the living circle.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “If you deny me, fie upon your law!

VenicenounUS /ˈvenəs/

the provincial capital of Veneto; built on 118 islands within a lagoon in the Gulf of Venice; has canals instead of streets; one of Italy's major ports and a famous tourist attraction

From this reading There is no force in the decrees of Venice: I stand for judgment: answer, shall I have it?”

wavingnounUS /ˈweɪvɪŋ/

the act of signaling by a movement of the hand

From this reading Then the waving multitude opened and shut again, and Uncas stood in the living circle.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage, as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “If you deny me, fie upon your law!

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “If you deny me, fie upon your law!

Chapter 31 of The Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper holds 227 sentences, grouped into 46 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Last of the Mohicans contain?

Chapter 31 holds 227 sentences of The Last of the Mohicans, unabridged, divided into 46 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 227 sentences, grouped into 46 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Last of the Mohicans?

Work through the 46 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 46 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Last of the Mohicans

Common questions about reading The Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Last of the Mohicans?

Yes. All 5661 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #940 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Last of the Mohicans is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #940, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Last of the Mohicans take to read?

About 471 minutes of reading across 1133 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Last of the Mohicans

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Last of the Mohicans, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Believed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last of the Mohicans; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scene
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last of the Mohicans; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Information
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last of the Mohicans; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Necessary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last of the Mohicans; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.