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The Last Penny
The Last Penny

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Last Penny is here in full — 280 sentences across 56 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/56 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.
It was his second day at home and his third day out of college.
Already his undergraduate life seemed far away.
His triumphs--of personality rather than of scholarship--lingered as a luminous mist that softened the sterner realities and mellowed them goldenly.
When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Last Penny

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Last Penny is here in full — 280 sentences across 56 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/56 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.
Line 2
It was his second day at home and his third day out of college.
/ɪt wɑːz hɪz ˈsekənd deɪ æt hoʊm ənd hɪz θɜːrd deɪ aʊt ʌv ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/
Line 3
Already his undergraduate life seemed far away.
/ɔːlˈredi hɪz ˌʌndərˈɡrædʒəwət laɪf siːmd fɑːr əˈweɪ/
Line 4
His triumphs--of personality rather than of scholarship--lingered as a luminous mist that softened the sterner realities and mellowed them goldenly.
Line 5
When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

determinedly adverb US /dəˈtɜːrmənədli/

with determination; in a determined manner

From this reading “When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.”

mellowed adjective US /ˈmeloʊd/

having a full and pleasing flavor through proper aging

From this reading “His triumphs--of personality rather than of scholarship--lingered as a luminous mist that softened the sterner realities and mellowed them goldenly.”

neckties noun US /ˈnektaɪz/

plural of “necktie” — neckwear consisting of a long narrow piece of material worn (mostly by men) under a collar and tied in knot at the front

From this reading “THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.”

realities noun US /ˌriːˈælətiːz/

plural of “reality” — all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you

From this reading “His triumphs--of personality rather than of scholarship--lingered as a luminous mist that softened the sterner realities and mellowed them goldenly.”

reminiscences noun US /ˌreməˈnɪsənsɪz/

plural of “reminiscence” — a mental impression retained and recalled from the past

From this reading “When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.”

scholarship noun US /ˈskɑːlərʃɪp/

financial aid provided to a student on the basis of academic merit

From this reading “His triumphs--of personality rather than of scholarship--lingered as a luminous mist that softened the sterner realities and mellowed them goldenly.”

sterner adjective US /ˈstɜːrnər/

comparative of “stern” — of a stern or strict bearing or demeanor; forbidding in aspect

From this reading “His triumphs--of personality rather than of scholarship--lingered as a luminous mist that softened the sterner realities and mellowed them goldenly.”

undergraduate noun US /ˌʌndərˈɡrædʒəwət/

a university student who has not yet received a first degree

From this reading “Already his undergraduate life seemed far away.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

sterner realities adjective + noun counted as “stern reality”

In this reading “His triumphs--of personality rather than of scholarship--lingered as a luminous mist that softened the sterner realities and mellowed them goldenly.”

wait until verb + particle

In this reading “THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.”

finally decided adverb + adjective

In this reading “THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.”

third day noun + noun

In this reading “It was his second day at home and his third day out of college.”

long time adjective + noun

a prolonged period of time

In this reading “THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.”

at home preposition + noun

a reception held in your own home

In this reading “It was his second day at home and his third day out of college.”

second day noun + noun

In this reading “It was his second day at home and his third day out of college.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.

AlreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Already his undergraduate life seemed far away.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.

aptadjectiveUS /æpt/

(usually followed by “to”) naturally disposed toward

From this reading When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading His triumphs--of personality rather than of scholarship--lingered as a luminous mist that softened the sterner realities and mellowed them goldenly.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It was his second day at home and his third day out of college.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Already his undergraduate life seemed far away.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.

breakfastverbUS /ˈbrekfəst/

eat an early morning meal

From this reading THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.

breakfasted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.

collegenounUS /ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/

the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading It was his second day at home and his third day out of college.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading It was his second day at home and his third day out of college.

decidedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd/

recognizable; marked

From this reading THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.

determinedlyadverbUS /dəˈtɜːrmənədli/

with determination; in a determined manner

From this reading When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.

dozennounUS /ˈdʌzən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.

ex-boy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Already his undergraduate life seemed far away.

finallyadverbUS /ˈfaɪnəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.

goldenly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His triumphs--of personality rather than of scholarship--lingered as a luminous mist that softened the sterner realities and mellowed them goldenly.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It was his second day at home and his third day out of college.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading It was his second day at home and his third day out of college.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was his second day at home and his third day out of college.

LEIGHnounUS /liː/

English film actress (1913-1967)

From this reading THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Already his undergraduate life seemed far away.

lingeredverbUS /ˈlɪŋɡərd/

past form of “linger” — remain present although waning or gradually dying

From this reading His triumphs--of personality rather than of scholarship--lingered as a luminous mist that softened the sterner realities and mellowed them goldenly.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.

luminousadjectiveUS /ˈluːmənəs/

softly bright or radiant

From this reading His triumphs--of personality rather than of scholarship--lingered as a luminous mist that softened the sterner realities and mellowed them goldenly.

melancholynounUS /ˈmelənkɑːli/

a feeling of thoughtful sadness

From this reading When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.

mellowedadjectiveUS /ˈmeloʊd/

having a full and pleasing flavor through proper aging

From this reading His triumphs--of personality rather than of scholarship--lingered as a luminous mist that softened the sterner realities and mellowed them goldenly.

mistverbUS /mɪst/

become covered with mist

From this reading His triumphs--of personality rather than of scholarship--lingered as a luminous mist that softened the sterner realities and mellowed them goldenly.

moodnounUS /muːd/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.

necktiesnounUS /ˈnektaɪz/

plural of “necktie” — neckwear consisting of a long narrow piece of material worn (mostly by men) under a collar and tied in knot at the front

From this reading THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was his second day at home and his third day out of college.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.

one's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading It was his second day at home and his third day out of college.

personalitynounUS /ˌpɜːrsəˈnælɪti/

the complex of all the attributes--behavioral, temperamental, emotional and mental--that characterize a unique individual

From this reading His triumphs--of personality rather than of scholarship--lingered as a luminous mist that softened the sterner realities and mellowed them goldenly.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading His triumphs--of personality rather than of scholarship--lingered as a luminous mist that softened the sterner realities and mellowed them goldenly.

realitiesnounUS /ˌriːˈælətiːz/

plural of “reality” — all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you

From this reading His triumphs--of personality rather than of scholarship--lingered as a luminous mist that softened the sterner realities and mellowed them goldenly.

reminiscencesnounUS /ˌreməˈnɪsənsɪz/

plural of “reminiscence” — a mental impression retained and recalled from the past

From this reading When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.

scholarshipnounUS /ˈskɑːlərʃɪp/

financial aid provided to a student on the basis of academic merit

From this reading His triumphs--of personality rather than of scholarship--lingered as a luminous mist that softened the sterner realities and mellowed them goldenly.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading It was his second day at home and his third day out of college.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Already his undergraduate life seemed far away.

shooknounUS /ʃʊk/

a disassembled barrel; the parts packed for storage or shipment

From this reading When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.

softenedadjectiveUS /ˈsɔːfənd/

toned down

From this reading His triumphs--of personality rather than of scholarship--lingered as a luminous mist that softened the sterner realities and mellowed them goldenly.

sterneradjectiveUS /ˈstɜːrnər/

comparative of “stern” — of a stern or strict bearing or demeanor; forbidding in aspect

From this reading His triumphs--of personality rather than of scholarship--lingered as a luminous mist that softened the sterner realities and mellowed them goldenly.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading His triumphs--of personality rather than of scholarship--lingered as a luminous mist that softened the sterner realities and mellowed them goldenly.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading His triumphs--of personality rather than of scholarship--lingered as a luminous mist that softened the sterner realities and mellowed them goldenly.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading His triumphs--of personality rather than of scholarship--lingered as a luminous mist that softened the sterner realities and mellowed them goldenly.

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading It was his second day at home and his third day out of college.

THOMASnounUS /ˈtɑːməs/

United States clockmaker who introduced mass production (1785-1859)

From this reading THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.

tingenounUS /tɪndʒ/

a slight but appreciable amount

From this reading When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.

Tommy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.

triumphsnounUS /ˈtraɪəmfs/

plural of “triumph” — a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading His triumphs--of personality rather than of scholarship--lingered as a luminous mist that softened the sterner realities and mellowed them goldenly.

undergraduatenounUS /ˌʌndərˈɡrædʒəwət/

a university student who has not yet received a first degree

From this reading Already his undergraduate life seemed far away.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.

waitverbUS /weɪt/

stay in one place and anticipate or expect something

From this reading THOMAS LEIGH, ex-boy, considered the dozen neckties before him a long time, and finally decided to wait until after breakfast.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was his second day at home and his third day out of college.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.

youthnounUS /juːθ/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading When one is young reminiscences of one's youth are apt to take on a tinge of melancholy, but Tommy, not having breakfasted, shook off the mood determinedly.

Chapter 1 of The Last Penny by Edwin Lefevre holds 280 sentences, grouped into 56 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Last Penny contain?

Chapter 1 holds 280 sentences of The Last Penny, unabridged, divided into 56 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Last Penny by Edwin Lefevre exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 280 sentences, grouped into 56 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Last Penny?

Work through the 56 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 56 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Last Penny

Common questions about reading The Last Penny by Edwin Lefevre on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Last Penny?

Yes. All 4946 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #51966 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Last Penny is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #51966, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Last Penny take to read?

About 412 minutes of reading across 990 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Last Penny section by section

How to work through The Last Penny section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of The Last Penny to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Last Penny

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Last Penny, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Thomas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Penny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Leigh
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Penny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ex-boy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Penny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Considered
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Penny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.