Chapter 4 of The Lay of Havelok the Dane is here in full — 426 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.
Chapter IV
Chapter 4 of The Lay of Havelok the Dane is here in full — 426 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Some emendations have been made in the text by inserting letters and words within square brackets. A few more may be noticed here. p. 2, l. 47. The MS. has _red_; but it should be _rede_. p.
Chapter 4 of The Lay of Havelok the Dane is here in full — 426 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Reading 1/85 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5
These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.
Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.
plural of “bracket” — a category falling within certain defined limits
From this reading “Some emendations have been made in the text by inserting letters and words within square brackets.”
-ing form of “insert” — put or introduce into something
From this reading “Some emendations have been made in the text by inserting letters and words within square brackets.”
the literary culture
From this reading “Some emendations have been made in the text by inserting letters and words within square brackets.”
being perceived or observed
From this reading “A few more may be noticed here. p.”
red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood
make square
From this reading “Some emendations have been made in the text by inserting letters and words within square brackets.”
the words of something written
From this reading “Some emendations have been made in the text by inserting letters and words within square brackets.”
inside; before a period of time has passed
From this reading “Some emendations have been made in the text by inserting letters and words within square brackets.”
English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.
Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.
In this reading “Some emendations have been made in the text by inserting letters and words within square brackets.”
Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.
Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading 2, l.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading 47.
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading A few more may be noticed here. p.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading Some emendations have been made in the text by inserting letters and words within square brackets.
used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses
From this reading A few more may be noticed here. p.
the past participle of “be”
From this reading Some emendations have been made in the text by inserting letters and words within square brackets.
plural of “bracket” — a category falling within certain defined limits
From this reading Some emendations have been made in the text by inserting letters and words within square brackets.
used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before
From this reading The MS. has _red_; but it should be _rede_. p.
showing who or what does the action
From this reading Some emendations have been made in the text by inserting letters and words within square brackets.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Some emendations have been made in the text by inserting letters and words within square brackets.
a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number
From this reading A few more may be noticed here. p.
the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading The MS. has _red_; but it should be _rede_. p.
used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses
From this reading Some emendations have been made in the text by inserting letters and words within square brackets.
in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is
From this reading A few more may be noticed here. p.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading Some emendations have been made in the text by inserting letters and words within square brackets.
-ing form of “insert” — put or introduce into something
From this reading Some emendations have been made in the text by inserting letters and words within square brackets.
a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
From this reading The MS. has _red_; but it should be _rede_. p.
a metric unit of capacity, formerly defined as the volume of one kilogram of pure water under standard conditions; now equal to 1,000 cubic centimeters (or approximately 1.75 pints)
From this reading 2, l.
the literary culture
From this reading Some emendations have been made in the text by inserting letters and words within square brackets.
produced by a manufacturing process
From this reading Some emendations have been made in the text by inserting letters and words within square brackets.
used to say something is possible, or to give permission
From this reading A few more may be noticed here. p.
(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree
From this reading A few more may be noticed here. p.
a chronic progressive nervous disorder involving loss of myelin sheath around certain nerve fibers
From this reading The MS. has _red_; but it should be _rede_. p.
being perceived or observed
From this reading A few more may be noticed here. p.
a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms
From this reading A few more may be noticed here. p.
red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood
From this reading The MS. has _red_; but it should be _rede_. p.
give an interpretation or explanation to
From this reading The MS. has _red_; but it should be _rede_. p.
used to say what is right, expected, or advisable
From this reading The MS. has _red_; but it should be _rede_. p.
(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity
From this reading Some emendations have been made in the text by inserting letters and words within square brackets.
make square
From this reading Some emendations have been made in the text by inserting letters and words within square brackets.
the words of something written
From this reading Some emendations have been made in the text by inserting letters and words within square brackets.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading Some emendations have been made in the text by inserting letters and words within square brackets.
inside; before a period of time has passed
From this reading Some emendations have been made in the text by inserting letters and words within square brackets.
the words that are spoken
From this reading Some emendations have been made in the text by inserting letters and words within square brackets.
Chapter 4 of The Lay of Havelok the Dane by Frederic [Editor] Madden holds 426 sentences, grouped into 86 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.
Chapter 4 holds 426 sentences of The Lay of Havelok the Dane, unabridged, divided into 86 reading sections.
This page carries chapter 4 of The Lay of Havelok the Dane by Frederic [Editor] Madden exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 426 sentences, grouped into 86 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.
Work through the 86 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.
Each of the 86 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.
Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.
Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.
Common questions about reading The Lay of Havelok the Dane by Frederic [Editor] Madden on this page, its source edition and its audio.
Yes. All 8067 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32049 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.
Project Gutenberg eBook #32049, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.
About 600 minutes of reading across 1614 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.
How to work through The Lay of Havelok the Dane section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.
Choose one of the 21 chapters of The Lay of Havelok the Dane to begin.
Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.
Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.
Words and structures a reader meets early in The Lay of Havelok the Dane, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.
