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The Lay of the Cid
The Lay of the Cid

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Lay of the Cid is here in full — 360 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/72 · 5 lines
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Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.
Rendered into vigorous English rhymed couplets of seven iambic feet in 1919.
Transcription by Holly Ingraham.
THE CID Lashed in the saddle, the Cid thundered out To his last onset.
With a strange disdain The dead man looked on victory.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Lay of the Cid

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Lay of the Cid is here in full — 360 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/72 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.
Line 2
Rendered into vigorous English rhymed couplets of seven iambic feet in 1919.
Line 3
Transcription by Holly Ingraham.
Line 4
THE CID Lashed in the saddle, the Cid thundered out To his last onset.
/ðə sɪd læʃt ɪn ðə ˈsædəl ðə sɪd ˈθʌndərd aʊt tuː hɪz læst ˈɑːnset/
Line 5
With a strange disdain The dead man looked on victory.
/wɪð ə streɪndʒ dɪsˈdeɪn ðə ded mæn lʊkt ɑːn ˈvɪktəri/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cid noun US /sɪd/

the United States Army's principal law enforcement agency responsible for the conduct of criminal investigations for all levels of the Army anywhere in the world

From this reading “THE CID Lashed in the saddle, the Cid thundered out To his last onset.”

Diaz noun US /ˈdiːæz/

Portuguese explorer who in 1488 was the first European to get round the Cape of Good Hope (thus establishing a sea route from the Atlantic to Asia) (1450-1500)

From this reading “Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.”

epic adjective US /ˈepɪk/

very imposing or impressive; surpassing the ordinary (especially in size or scale)

From this reading “Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.”

onset noun US /ˈɑːnset/

the beginning or early stages

From this reading “THE CID Lashed in the saddle, the Cid thundered out To his last onset.”

rhymed adjective US /raɪmd/

having corresponding sounds especially terminal sounds

From this reading “Rendered into vigorous English rhymed couplets of seven iambic feet in 1919.”

Synopsis noun US /sɪˈnɑːpsɪs/

a sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory

From this reading “Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.”

Transcription noun US /ˌtrænˈskrɪpʃən/

something written, especially copied from one medium to another, as a typewritten version of dictation

From this reading “Transcription by Holly Ingraham.”

Valencia noun US /vəˈlensiə/

an industrial city in northern Venezuela

From this reading “Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.”

All words in this reading · 57

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1099

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

1919

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rendered into vigorous English rhymed couplets of seven iambic feet in 1919.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

Bivar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Transcription by Holly Ingraham.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

CIDnounUS /sɪd/

the United States Army's principal law enforcement agency responsible for the conduct of criminal investigations for all levels of the Army anywhere in the world

From this reading THE CID Lashed in the saddle, the Cid thundered out To his last onset.

conquerornounUS /ˈkɑːŋkərər/

someone who is victorious by force of arms

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

couplets

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rendered into vigorous English rhymed couplets of seven iambic feet in 1919.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading With a strange disdain The dead man looked on victory.

DiaznounUS /ˈdiːæz/

Portuguese explorer who in 1488 was the first European to get round the Cape of Good Hope (thus establishing a sea route from the Atlantic to Asia) (1450-1500)

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

disdainverbUS /dɪsˈdeɪn/

look down on with disdain

From this reading With a strange disdain The dead man looked on victory.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Rendered into vigorous English rhymed couplets of seven iambic feet in 1919.

epicadjectiveUS /ˈepɪk/

very imposing or impressive; surpassing the ordinary (especially in size or scale)

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading Rendered into vigorous English rhymed couplets of seven iambic feet in 1919.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE CID Lashed in the saddle, the Cid thundered out To his last onset.

HollynounUS /ˈhɑːli/

any tree or shrub of the genus Ilex having red berries and shiny evergreen leaves with prickly edges

From this reading Transcription by Holly Ingraham.

iambicnoun

a verse line consisting of iambs

From this reading Rendered into vigorous English rhymed couplets of seven iambic feet in 1919.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

Ingraham

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Transcription by Holly Ingraham.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Rendered into vigorous English rhymed couplets of seven iambic feet in 1919.

LashedverbUS /læʃt/

past form of “lash” — beat severely with a whip or rod

From this reading THE CID Lashed in the saddle, the Cid thundered out To his last onset.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading THE CID Lashed in the saddle, the Cid thundered out To his last onset.

legendnounUS /ˈledʒənd/

a story about mythical or supernatural beings or events

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading With a strange disdain The dead man looked on victory.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading With a strange disdain The dead man looked on victory.

nationaladjectiveUS /ˈnæʃənəl/

of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading With a strange disdain The dead man looked on victory.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

onsetnounUS /ˈɑːnset/

the beginning or early stages

From this reading THE CID Lashed in the saddle, the Cid thundered out To his last onset.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading THE CID Lashed in the saddle, the Cid thundered out To his last onset.

RenderedverbUS /ˈrendərd/

past form of “render” — cause to become

From this reading Rendered into vigorous English rhymed couplets of seven iambic feet in 1919.

rhymedadjectiveUS /raɪmd/

having corresponding sounds especially terminal sounds

From this reading Rendered into vigorous English rhymed couplets of seven iambic feet in 1919.

Rodrigo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

saddleverbUS /ˈsædəl/

put a saddle on

From this reading THE CID Lashed in the saddle, the Cid thundered out To his last onset.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading Rendered into vigorous English rhymed couplets of seven iambic feet in 1919.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading With a strange disdain The dead man looked on victory.

SynopsisnounUS /sɪˈnɑːpsɪs/

a sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

thunderedverbUS /ˈθʌndərd/

past form of “thunder” — move fast, noisily, and heavily

From this reading THE CID Lashed in the saddle, the Cid thundered out To his last onset.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE CID Lashed in the saddle, the Cid thundered out To his last onset.

TranscriptionnounUS /ˌtrænˈskrɪpʃən/

something written, especially copied from one medium to another, as a typewritten version of dictation

From this reading Transcription by Holly Ingraham.

twelfthadjectiveUS /twelfθ/

coming next after the eleventh and just before the thirteenth in position

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

ValencianounUS /vəˈlensiə/

an industrial city in northern Venezuela

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

victorynounUS /ˈvɪktəri/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading With a strange disdain The dead man looked on victory.

vigorousadjectiveUS /ˈvɪɡərəs/

characterized by forceful and energetic action or activity

From this reading Rendered into vigorous English rhymed couplets of seven iambic feet in 1919.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With a strange disdain The dead man looked on victory.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading Synopsis: The national epic of Spain, written in the twelfth century about Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, conqueror of Valencia, who only died in 1099 but had already become a legend.

Chapter 1 of The Lay of the Cid by R. Selden (Robert Selden) [Translator] Rose holds 360 sentences, grouped into 72 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Lay of the Cid contain?

Chapter 1 holds 360 sentences of The Lay of the Cid, unabridged, divided into 72 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Lay of the Cid by R. Selden (Robert Selden) [Translator] Rose exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 360 sentences, grouped into 72 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Lay of the Cid?

Work through the 72 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 72 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Lay of the Cid

Common questions about reading The Lay of the Cid by R. Selden (Robert Selden) [Translator] Rose on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Lay of the Cid?

Yes. All 2938 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6088 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Lay of the Cid is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6088, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Lay of the Cid take to read?

About 244 minutes of reading across 588 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Lay of the Cid section by section

How to work through The Lay of the Cid section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of The Lay of the Cid to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Lay of the Cid

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Lay of the Cid, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Synopsis
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lay of the Cid; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
National
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lay of the Cid; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lay of the Cid; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Written
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lay of the Cid; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.