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The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is here in full — 117 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
Context Illustration Reading 22/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.
He was broad-shouldered and double-jointed, with short curly black hair, and a bluff but not unpleasant countenance, having a mingled air of fun and arrogance.
From his Herculean frame and great powers of limb he had received the nickname of BROM BONES, by which he was universally known.
He was famed for great knowledge and skill in horsemanship, being as dexterous on horseback as a Tartar.
He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is here in full — 117 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 22/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 106–110

Line 1
Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.
Line 2
He was broad-shouldered and double-jointed, with short curly black hair, and a bluff but not unpleasant countenance, having a mingled air of fun and arrogance.
Line 3
From his Herculean frame and great powers of limb he had received the nickname of BROM BONES, by which he was universally known.
Line 4
He was famed for great knowledge and skill in horsemanship, being as dexterous on horseback as a Tartar.
Line 5
He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.
/hiː wɑːz ˈfɔːrmoʊst æt ɔːl ˈreɪsəz ənd kɑːk faɪts ənd wɪð ðə əˈsendənsi wɪtʃ ˈbɑːdəli streŋkθ ˈɔːlweɪz əˈkwaɪərz ɪn ˈrʌstɪk laɪf wɑːz ðə ˈʌmpaɪər ɪn ɔːl dɪsˈpjuːts ˈsetɪŋ hɪz hæt ɑːn wʌn saɪd ənd ˈɡɪvɪŋ hɪz dɪˈsɪʒənz wɪð æn er ənd toʊn ðæt ədˈmɪtɪd ʌv noʊ ˈɡeɪnseɪ ɔːr əˈpiːl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abbreviation noun US /əˌbriːviˈeɪʃən/

a shortened form of a word or phrase

From this reading “Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.”

acquires verb US /əˈkwaɪərz/

third-person singular of “acquire” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading “He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.”

ascendancy noun US /əˈsendənsi/

the state that exists when one person or group has power over another

From this reading “He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.”

Brunt noun US /brʌnt/

main force of a blow etc

From this reading “Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.”

gainsay verb US /ˈɡeɪnseɪ/

take exception to

From this reading “He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.”

Herculean adjective US /hərˈkjuːliən/

displaying superhuman strength or power

From this reading “From his Herculean frame and great powers of limb he had received the nickname of BROM BONES, by which he was universally known.”

horsemanship noun US /ˈhɔːrsmənʃɪp/

skill in handling and riding horses

From this reading “He was famed for great knowledge and skill in horsemanship, being as dexterous on horseback as a Tartar.”

umpire noun US /ˈʌmpaɪər/

an official at a baseball game

From this reading “He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.”

All words in this reading · 102

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

abbreviationnounUS /əˌbriːviˈeɪʃən/

a shortened form of a word or phrase

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

AbrahamnounUS /ˈeɪbrəhæm/

the first of the Old Testament patriarchs and the father of Isaac; according to Genesis, God promised to give Abraham's family (the Hebrews) the land of Canaan (the Promised Land); God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice his son

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

acquiresverbUS /əˈkwaɪərz/

third-person singular of “acquire” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

admittedverbUS /ədˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “admit” — declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading He was broad-shouldered and double-jointed, with short curly black hair, and a bluff but not unpleasant countenance, having a mingled air of fun and arrogance.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

AmongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

appealverbUS /əˈpiːl/

take a court case to a higher court for review

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

arrogancenounUS /ˈerəɡəns/

overbearing pride evidenced by a superior manner toward inferiors

From this reading He was broad-shouldered and double-jointed, with short curly black hair, and a bluff but not unpleasant countenance, having a mingled air of fun and arrogance.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He was famed for great knowledge and skill in horsemanship, being as dexterous on horseback as a Tartar.

ascendancynounUS /əˈsendənsi/

the state that exists when one person or group has power over another

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading He was famed for great knowledge and skill in horsemanship, being as dexterous on horseback as a Tartar.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading He was broad-shouldered and double-jointed, with short curly black hair, and a bluff but not unpleasant countenance, having a mingled air of fun and arrogance.

bladenounUS /bleɪd/

especially a leaf of grass or the broad portion of a leaf as distinct from the petiole

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

bluffnounUS /blʌf/

a high steep bank (usually formed by river erosion)

From this reading He was broad-shouldered and double-jointed, with short curly black hair, and a bluff but not unpleasant countenance, having a mingled air of fun and arrogance.

bodilyadverbUS /ˈbɑːdəli/

in bodily form

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

BONESnounUS /boʊnz/

(used in the plural) a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance

From this reading From his Herculean frame and great powers of limb he had received the nickname of BROM BONES, by which he was universally known.

broad-shoulderedadjective

having broad shoulders

From this reading He was broad-shouldered and double-jointed, with short curly black hair, and a bluff but not unpleasant countenance, having a mingled air of fun and arrogance.

Brom

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

BruntnounUS /brʌnt/

main force of a blow etc

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

burlyadjectiveUS /ˈbɜːrli/

muscular and heavily built

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He was broad-shouldered and double-jointed, with short curly black hair, and a bluff but not unpleasant countenance, having a mingled air of fun and arrogance.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading From his Herculean frame and great powers of limb he had received the nickname of BROM BONES, by which he was universally known.

cockverbUS /kɑːk/

tilt or slant to one side

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

countenancenounUS /ˈkaʊntənəns/

the appearance conveyed by a person's face

From this reading He was broad-shouldered and double-jointed, with short curly black hair, and a bluff but not unpleasant countenance, having a mingled air of fun and arrogance.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

curlyadjectiveUS /ˈkɜːrli/

(of hair) having curls or waves

From this reading He was broad-shouldered and double-jointed, with short curly black hair, and a bluff but not unpleasant countenance, having a mingled air of fun and arrogance.

decisionsnounUS /dɪˈsɪʒənz/

plural of “decision” — the act of making up your mind about something

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

dexterousadjective

skillful in physical movements; especially of the hands

From this reading He was famed for great knowledge and skill in horsemanship, being as dexterous on horseback as a Tartar.

disputesnounUS /dɪsˈpjuːts/

plural of “dispute” — a disagreement or argument about something important

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

double-jointedadjective

having unusually flexible joints especially of the limbs or fingers

From this reading He was broad-shouldered and double-jointed, with short curly black hair, and a bluff but not unpleasant countenance, having a mingled air of fun and arrogance.

DutchadjectiveUS /dʌtʃ/

of or relating to the Netherlands or its people or culture

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

famedadjectiveUS /feɪmd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading He was famed for great knowledge and skill in horsemanship, being as dexterous on horseback as a Tartar.

featsnounUS /fiːts/

plural of “feat” — a notable achievement

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

fightsnounUS /faɪts/

plural of “fight” — a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He was famed for great knowledge and skill in horsemanship, being as dexterous on horseback as a Tartar.

foremostadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmoʊst/

ranking above all others

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

formidableadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmədəbəl/

extremely impressive in strength or excellence

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

frameverbUS /freɪm/

enclose in or as if in a frame

From this reading From his Herculean frame and great powers of limb he had received the nickname of BROM BONES, by which he was universally known.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From his Herculean frame and great powers of limb he had received the nickname of BROM BONES, by which he was universally known.

funnounUS /fʌn/

activities that are enjoyable or amusing

From this reading He was broad-shouldered and double-jointed, with short curly black hair, and a bluff but not unpleasant countenance, having a mingled air of fun and arrogance.

gainsayverbUS /ˈɡeɪnseɪ/

take exception to

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading From his Herculean frame and great powers of limb he had received the nickname of BROM BONES, by which he was universally known.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading From his Herculean frame and great powers of limb he had received the nickname of BROM BONES, by which he was universally known.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading He was broad-shouldered and double-jointed, with short curly black hair, and a bluff but not unpleasant countenance, having a mingled air of fun and arrogance.

hardihoodnoun

the trait of being willing to undertake things that involve risk or danger

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

hatnounUS /hæt/

headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading He was broad-shouldered and double-jointed, with short curly black hair, and a bluff but not unpleasant countenance, having a mingled air of fun and arrogance.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was broad-shouldered and double-jointed, with short curly black hair, and a bluff but not unpleasant countenance, having a mingled air of fun and arrogance.

HerculeanadjectiveUS /hərˈkjuːliən/

displaying superhuman strength or power

From this reading From his Herculean frame and great powers of limb he had received the nickname of BROM BONES, by which he was universally known.

heronounUS /ˈhɪroʊ/

a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

horsebacknounUS /ˈhɔːrsbæk/

the back of a horse

From this reading He was famed for great knowledge and skill in horsemanship, being as dexterous on horseback as a Tartar.

horsemanshipnounUS /ˈhɔːrsmənʃɪp/

skill in handling and riding horses

From this reading He was famed for great knowledge and skill in horsemanship, being as dexterous on horseback as a Tartar.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He was famed for great knowledge and skill in horsemanship, being as dexterous on horseback as a Tartar.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading He was famed for great knowledge and skill in horsemanship, being as dexterous on horseback as a Tartar.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading From his Herculean frame and great powers of limb he had received the nickname of BROM BONES, by which he was universally known.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

limbnounUS /lɪm/

one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper

From this reading From his Herculean frame and great powers of limb he had received the nickname of BROM BONES, by which he was universally known.

mingledverbUS /ˈmɪŋɡəld/

past form of “mingle” — to bring or combine together or with something else

From this reading He was broad-shouldered and double-jointed, with short curly black hair, and a bluff but not unpleasant countenance, having a mingled air of fun and arrogance.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

nicknamenounUS /ˈnɪkneɪm/

a familiar name for a person (often a shortened version of a person's given name)

From this reading From his Herculean frame and great powers of limb he had received the nickname of BROM BONES, by which he was universally known.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He was broad-shouldered and double-jointed, with short curly black hair, and a bluff but not unpleasant countenance, having a mingled air of fun and arrogance.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He was famed for great knowledge and skill in horsemanship, being as dexterous on horseback as a Tartar.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

powersnounUS /ˈpaʊərz/

plural of “power” — possession of controlling influence

From this reading From his Herculean frame and great powers of limb he had received the nickname of BROM BONES, by which he was universally known.

racesnounUS /ˈreɪsəz/

plural of “race” — any competition

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

rangverbUS /ræŋ/

inflected form of “ring” — sound loudly and sonorously

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading From his Herculean frame and great powers of limb he had received the nickname of BROM BONES, by which he was universally known.

roaringnounUS /ˈrɔːrɪŋ/

a deep prolonged loud noise

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

roystering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

rusticadjectiveUS /ˈrʌstɪk/

characteristic of rural life

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

settingnounUS /ˈsetɪŋ/

the context and environment in which something is set

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading He was broad-shouldered and double-jointed, with short curly black hair, and a bluff but not unpleasant countenance, having a mingled air of fun and arrogance.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

skillnounUS /skɪl/

an ability that has been acquired by training

From this reading He was famed for great knowledge and skill in horsemanship, being as dexterous on horseback as a Tartar.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

TartarnounUS /ˈtɑːrtər/

a salt used especially in baking powder

From this reading He was famed for great knowledge and skill in horsemanship, being as dexterous on horseback as a Tartar.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

tonenounUS /toʊn/

the quality of a person's voice

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

umpirenounUS /ˈʌmpaɪər/

an official at a baseball game

From this reading He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and, with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

universallyadverbUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəli/

everywhere

From this reading From his Herculean frame and great powers of limb he had received the nickname of BROM BONES, by which he was universally known.

unpleasantadjectiveUS /ənˈplezənt/

offensive or disagreeable; causing discomfort or unhappiness

From this reading He was broad-shouldered and double-jointed, with short curly black hair, and a bluff but not unpleasant countenance, having a mingled air of fun and arrogance.

VannounUS /væn/

any creative group active in the innovation and application of new concepts and techniques in a given field (especially in the arts)

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood.

Chapter 1 of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow by Washington Irving holds 117 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow contain?

Chapter 1 holds 117 sentences of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow by Washington Irving exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 117 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

Common questions about reading The Legend of Sleepy Hollow by Washington Irving on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow?

Yes. All 349 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Legend of Sleepy Hollow take to read?

About 29 minutes of reading across 70 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Legend of Sleepy Hollow section by section

How to work through The Legend of Sleepy Hollow section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 3 chapters of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Found
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Among
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Papers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Diedrich
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.