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The Lesser Bourgeoisie
The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie is here in full — 224 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Lesser Bourgeoisie
Context Illustration Reading 1/44 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Collevilles and their children became, naturally, the nucleus of the circle which Mademoiselle Thuillier had the ambition to group around her brother.
A former clerk in the Billardiere division of the ministry, named Phellion, had lived for the last thirty years in their present quarter.
He was promptly greeted by Colleville and Thuillier at the first review.
Phellion proved to be one of the most respected men in the arrondissement.
He had one daughter, now married to a school-teacher in the rue Saint-Hyacinthe, a Monsieur Barniol.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie is here in full — 224 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/44 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Collevilles and their children became, naturally, the nucleus of the circle which Mademoiselle Thuillier had the ambition to group around her brother.
Line 2
A former clerk in the Billardiere division of the ministry, named Phellion, had lived for the last thirty years in their present quarter.
Line 3
He was promptly greeted by Colleville and Thuillier at the first review.
Line 4
Phellion proved to be one of the most respected men in the arrondissement.
Line 5
He had one daughter, now married to a school-teacher in the rue Saint-Hyacinthe, a Monsieur Barniol.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ambition noun US /æmˈbɪʃən/

a cherished desire

From this reading “The Collevilles and their children became, naturally, the nucleus of the circle which Mademoiselle Thuillier had the ambition to group around her brother.”

division noun US /dɪˈvɪʒən/

an army unit large enough to sustain combat

From this reading “A former clerk in the Billardiere division of the ministry, named Phellion, had lived for the last thirty years in their present quarter.”

greeted verb US /ˈɡriːtəd/

past form of “greet” — express greetings upon meeting someone

From this reading “He was promptly greeted by Colleville and Thuillier at the first review.”

ministry noun US /ˈmɪnəstri/

religious ministers collectively (especially Presbyterian)

From this reading “A former clerk in the Billardiere division of the ministry, named Phellion, had lived for the last thirty years in their present quarter.”

nucleus noun US /ˈnuːkliəs/

a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

From this reading “The Collevilles and their children became, naturally, the nucleus of the circle which Mademoiselle Thuillier had the ambition to group around her brother.”

promptly adverb US /ˈprɑːmptli/

with little or no delay

From this reading “He was promptly greeted by Colleville and Thuillier at the first review.”

respected adjective US /rɪˈspektɪd/

receiving deferential regard

From this reading “Phellion proved to be one of the most respected men in the arrondissement.”

review noun US /ˌriːˈvjuː/

a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading “He was promptly greeted by Colleville and Thuillier at the first review.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A former clerk in the Billardiere division of the ministry, named Phellion, had lived for the last thirty years in their present quarter.

ambitionnounUS /æmˈbɪʃən/

a cherished desire

From this reading The Collevilles and their children became, naturally, the nucleus of the circle which Mademoiselle Thuillier had the ambition to group around her brother.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Collevilles and their children became, naturally, the nucleus of the circle which Mademoiselle Thuillier had the ambition to group around her brother.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading The Collevilles and their children became, naturally, the nucleus of the circle which Mademoiselle Thuillier had the ambition to group around her brother.

arrondissement

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Phellion proved to be one of the most respected men in the arrondissement.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He was promptly greeted by Colleville and Thuillier at the first review.

Barniol

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had one daughter, now married to a school-teacher in the rue Saint-Hyacinthe, a Monsieur Barniol.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Phellion proved to be one of the most respected men in the arrondissement.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The Collevilles and their children became, naturally, the nucleus of the circle which Mademoiselle Thuillier had the ambition to group around her brother.

Billardiere

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A former clerk in the Billardiere division of the ministry, named Phellion, had lived for the last thirty years in their present quarter.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading The Collevilles and their children became, naturally, the nucleus of the circle which Mademoiselle Thuillier had the ambition to group around her brother.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He was promptly greeted by Colleville and Thuillier at the first review.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading The Collevilles and their children became, naturally, the nucleus of the circle which Mademoiselle Thuillier had the ambition to group around her brother.

circlenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəl/

ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading The Collevilles and their children became, naturally, the nucleus of the circle which Mademoiselle Thuillier had the ambition to group around her brother.

clerknounUS /klɜːrk/

an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)

From this reading A former clerk in the Billardiere division of the ministry, named Phellion, had lived for the last thirty years in their present quarter.

Colleville

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was promptly greeted by Colleville and Thuillier at the first review.

Collevilles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Collevilles and their children became, naturally, the nucleus of the circle which Mademoiselle Thuillier had the ambition to group around her brother.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading He had one daughter, now married to a school-teacher in the rue Saint-Hyacinthe, a Monsieur Barniol.

divisionnounUS /dɪˈvɪʒən/

an army unit large enough to sustain combat

From this reading A former clerk in the Billardiere division of the ministry, named Phellion, had lived for the last thirty years in their present quarter.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading He was promptly greeted by Colleville and Thuillier at the first review.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A former clerk in the Billardiere division of the ministry, named Phellion, had lived for the last thirty years in their present quarter.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading A former clerk in the Billardiere division of the ministry, named Phellion, had lived for the last thirty years in their present quarter.

greetedverbUS /ˈɡriːtəd/

past form of “greet” — express greetings upon meeting someone

From this reading He was promptly greeted by Colleville and Thuillier at the first review.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading The Collevilles and their children became, naturally, the nucleus of the circle which Mademoiselle Thuillier had the ambition to group around her brother.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The Collevilles and their children became, naturally, the nucleus of the circle which Mademoiselle Thuillier had the ambition to group around her brother.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was promptly greeted by Colleville and Thuillier at the first review.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The Collevilles and their children became, naturally, the nucleus of the circle which Mademoiselle Thuillier had the ambition to group around her brother.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A former clerk in the Billardiere division of the ministry, named Phellion, had lived for the last thirty years in their present quarter.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading A former clerk in the Billardiere division of the ministry, named Phellion, had lived for the last thirty years in their present quarter.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading A former clerk in the Billardiere division of the ministry, named Phellion, had lived for the last thirty years in their present quarter.

MademoisellenounUS /ˌmædəməˈzel/

small silvery drumfish often mistaken for white perch; found along coasts of United States from New York to Mexico

From this reading The Collevilles and their children became, naturally, the nucleus of the circle which Mademoiselle Thuillier had the ambition to group around her brother.

marriedadjectiveUS /ˈmerid/

joined in matrimony

From this reading He had one daughter, now married to a school-teacher in the rue Saint-Hyacinthe, a Monsieur Barniol.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Phellion proved to be one of the most respected men in the arrondissement.

ministrynounUS /ˈmɪnəstri/

religious ministers collectively (especially Presbyterian)

From this reading A former clerk in the Billardiere division of the ministry, named Phellion, had lived for the last thirty years in their present quarter.

MonsieurnounUS /məˈsjɜːr/

used as a French courtesy title; equivalent to English “Mr”

From this reading He had one daughter, now married to a school-teacher in the rue Saint-Hyacinthe, a Monsieur Barniol.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Phellion proved to be one of the most respected men in the arrondissement.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading A former clerk in the Billardiere division of the ministry, named Phellion, had lived for the last thirty years in their present quarter.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading The Collevilles and their children became, naturally, the nucleus of the circle which Mademoiselle Thuillier had the ambition to group around her brother.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading He had one daughter, now married to a school-teacher in the rue Saint-Hyacinthe, a Monsieur Barniol.

nucleusnounUS /ˈnuːkliəs/

a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

From this reading The Collevilles and their children became, naturally, the nucleus of the circle which Mademoiselle Thuillier had the ambition to group around her brother.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Collevilles and their children became, naturally, the nucleus of the circle which Mademoiselle Thuillier had the ambition to group around her brother.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Phellion proved to be one of the most respected men in the arrondissement.

Phellion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A former clerk in the Billardiere division of the ministry, named Phellion, had lived for the last thirty years in their present quarter.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading A former clerk in the Billardiere division of the ministry, named Phellion, had lived for the last thirty years in their present quarter.

promptlyadverbUS /ˈprɑːmptli/

with little or no delay

From this reading He was promptly greeted by Colleville and Thuillier at the first review.

provedadjectiveUS /pruːvd/

established beyond doubt

From this reading Phellion proved to be one of the most respected men in the arrondissement.

quarternounUS /ˈkwɔːrtər/

one of four equal parts

From this reading A former clerk in the Billardiere division of the ministry, named Phellion, had lived for the last thirty years in their present quarter.

respectedadjectiveUS /rɪˈspektɪd/

receiving deferential regard

From this reading Phellion proved to be one of the most respected men in the arrondissement.

reviewnounUS /ˌriːˈvjuː/

a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading He was promptly greeted by Colleville and Thuillier at the first review.

ruenounUS /ruː/

European strong-scented perennial herb with grey-green bitter-tasting leaves; an irritant similar to poison ivy

From this reading He had one daughter, now married to a school-teacher in the rue Saint-Hyacinthe, a Monsieur Barniol.

Saint-Hyacinthe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had one daughter, now married to a school-teacher in the rue Saint-Hyacinthe, a Monsieur Barniol.

school-teacher

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had one daughter, now married to a school-teacher in the rue Saint-Hyacinthe, a Monsieur Barniol.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Collevilles and their children became, naturally, the nucleus of the circle which Mademoiselle Thuillier had the ambition to group around her brother.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The Collevilles and their children became, naturally, the nucleus of the circle which Mademoiselle Thuillier had the ambition to group around her brother.

thirtynounUS /ˈθɜːrdiː/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading A former clerk in the Billardiere division of the ministry, named Phellion, had lived for the last thirty years in their present quarter.

Thuillier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Collevilles and their children became, naturally, the nucleus of the circle which Mademoiselle Thuillier had the ambition to group around her brother.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Collevilles and their children became, naturally, the nucleus of the circle which Mademoiselle Thuillier had the ambition to group around her brother.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was promptly greeted by Colleville and Thuillier at the first review.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The Collevilles and their children became, naturally, the nucleus of the circle which Mademoiselle Thuillier had the ambition to group around her brother.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading A former clerk in the Billardiere division of the ministry, named Phellion, had lived for the last thirty years in their present quarter.

Chapter 4 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie by Honoré de Balzac holds 224 sentences, grouped into 45 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie contain?

Chapter 4 holds 224 sentences of The Lesser Bourgeoisie, unabridged, divided into 45 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 224 sentences, grouped into 45 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie?

Work through the 45 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 45 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Common questions about reading The Lesser Bourgeoisie by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Lesser Bourgeoisie?

Yes. All 7414 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1641 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Lesser Bourgeoisie is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1641, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Lesser Bourgeoisie take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1483 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Lesser Bourgeoisie section by section

How to work through The Lesser Bourgeoisie section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 35 chapters of The Lesser Bourgeoisie to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Lesser Bourgeoisie, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Tourniquet
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lesser Bourgeoisie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Saint-jean
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lesser Bourgeoisie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Narrow
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lesser Bourgeoisie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Passage
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lesser Bourgeoisie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.