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The Lesser Bourgeoisie
The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie is here in full — 189 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/37 · 5 lines
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When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.
The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.
This man was Cerizet, whom Dutocq had mentioned to Thuillier as his copying-clerk.
Cerizet was only thirty-eight years old, but he looked a man of fifty, so aged had he become from causes which age all men.
His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie is here in full — 189 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/37 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.
Line 2
The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.
Line 3
This man was Cerizet, whom Dutocq had mentioned to Thuillier as his copying-clerk.
Line 4
Cerizet was only thirty-eight years old, but he looked a man of fifty, so aged had he become from causes which age all men.
Line 5
His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

barrister noun US /ˈbærɪstər/

a British or Canadian lawyer who speaks in the higher courts of law on behalf of either the defense or prosecution

From this reading “The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.”

discolored verb US /dɪˈskʌlərd/

past form of “discolor” — lose color or turn colorless

From this reading “His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.”

externally adverb US /ɪkˈstɜːrnəli/

on or from the outside

From this reading “The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.”

facade noun US /fəˈsɑːd/

the face or front of a building

From this reading “When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.”

flabby adjective US /ˈflæbi/

out of condition; not strong or robust; incapable of exertion or endurance

From this reading “His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.”

hairless adjective US /ˈherləs/

having no hair or fur

From this reading “His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.”

submarine noun US /ˈsʌbməriːn/

a submersible warship usually armed with torpedoes

From this reading “When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.”

unnaturally adverb US /ənˈnætʃərəli/

in an unnatural way

From this reading “His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.”

All words in this reading · 115

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

admitverbUS /ədˈmɪt/

declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading Cerizet was only thirty-eight years old, but he looked a man of fifty, so aged had he become from causes which age all men.

agedadjectiveUS /eɪdʒd/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading Cerizet was only thirty-eight years old, but he looked a man of fifty, so aged had he become from causes which age all men.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Cerizet was only thirty-eight years old, but he looked a man of fifty, so aged had he become from causes which age all men.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

barristernounUS /ˈbærɪstər/

a British or Canadian lawyer who speaks in the higher courts of law on behalf of either the defense or prosecution

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Cerizet was only thirty-eight years old, but he looked a man of fifty, so aged had he become from causes which age all men.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

betrayingverbUS /bɪˈtreɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “betray” — reveal unintentionally

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

buriedadjectiveUS /ˈberid/

placed in a grave

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

causesnounUS /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading Cerizet was only thirty-eight years old, but he looked a man of fifty, so aged had he become from causes which age all men.

Cerizet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This man was Cerizet, whom Dutocq had mentioned to Thuillier as his copying-clerk.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

copying-clerk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This man was Cerizet, whom Dutocq had mentioned to Thuillier as his copying-clerk.

currentnounUS /ˈkɜːrənt/

a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

discoloredverbUS /dɪˈskʌlərd/

past form of “discolor” — lose color or turn colorless

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

Dutocq

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

eatenverbUS /ˈiːtən/

inflected form of “eat” — take in solid food

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

emotionnounUS /ɪˈmoʊʃən/

any strong feeling

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

externallyadverbUS /ɪkˈstɜːrnəli/

on or from the outside

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

facadenounUS /fəˈsɑːd/

the face or front of a building

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

falseadjectiveUS /fɔːls/

not in accordance with the fact or reality or actuality

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

fiftynounUS /ˈfɪfti/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading Cerizet was only thirty-eight years old, but he looked a man of fifty, so aged had he become from causes which age all men.

flabbyadjectiveUS /ˈflæbi/

out of condition; not strong or robust; incapable of exertion or endurance

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Cerizet was only thirty-eight years old, but he looked a man of fifty, so aged had he become from causes which age all men.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading This man was Cerizet, whom Dutocq had mentioned to Thuillier as his copying-clerk.

hairlessadjectiveUS /ˈherləs/

having no hair or fur

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

horribleadjectiveUS /ˈhɔːrəbəl/

provoking horror

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

ill-covered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

inwardadjectiveUS /ˈɪnwərd/

relating to or existing in the mind or thoughts

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

lanounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

landingnounUS /ˈlændɪŋ/

an intermediate platform in a staircase

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Cerizet was only thirty-eight years old, but he looked a man of fifty, so aged had he become from causes which age all men.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

maskverbUS /mæsk/

hide under a false appearance

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Cerizet was only thirty-eight years old, but he looked a man of fifty, so aged had he become from causes which age all men.

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading This man was Cerizet, whom Dutocq had mentioned to Thuillier as his copying-clerk.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

nosenounUS /noʊz/

the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Cerizet was only thirty-eight years old, but he looked a man of fifty, so aged had he become from causes which age all men.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Cerizet was only thirty-eight years old, but he looked a man of fifty, so aged had he become from causes which age all men.

palacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

paleadjectiveUS /peɪl/

very light colored; highly diluted with white

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

personagenoun

another word for person; a person not meriting identification

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

Peyrade's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

Provencalnoun

the medieval dialects of Langue d'oc (southern France)

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

replacedverbUS /ˌriːˈpleɪst/

past form of “replace” — substitute a person or thing for (another that is broken or inefficient or lost or no longer working or yielding what is expected)

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

ringingnounUS /ˈrɪŋɪŋ/

the sound of a bell ringing

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

risenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪzən/

(of e.g. celestial bodies) above the horizon

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

roughadjectiveUS /rʌf/

having or caused by an irregular surface

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

rustyadjectiveUS /ˈrʌsti/

covered with or consisting of rust

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

secretlyadverbUS /ˈsiːkrɪtli/

in secrecy; not openly

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

skullnounUS /skʌl/

the bony skeleton of the head of vertebrates

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Cerizet was only thirty-eight years old, but he looked a man of fifty, so aged had he become from causes which age all men.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

submarinenounUS /ˈsʌbməriːn/

a submersible warship usually armed with torpedoes

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

sufficientlyadverbUS /səˈfɪʃəntli/

to a sufficient degree

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

Theodose

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

thirty-eightadjective

being eight more than thirty

From this reading Cerizet was only thirty-eight years old, but he looked a man of fifty, so aged had he become from causes which age all men.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

Thuillier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This man was Cerizet, whom Dutocq had mentioned to Thuillier as his copying-clerk.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This man was Cerizet, whom Dutocq had mentioned to Thuillier as his copying-clerk.

trembleverbUS /ˈtrembəl/

move or jerk quickly and involuntarily up and down or sideways

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

tryingadjectiveUS /ˈtraɪɪŋ/

hard to endure

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

unnaturallyadverbUS /ənˈnætʃərəli/

in an unnatural way

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

vainlyadverbUS /ˈveɪnli/

to no avail

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

waitingnounUS /ˈweɪtɪŋ/

the act of waiting (remaining inactive in one place while expecting something)

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The sight of this man, who, after vainly ringing at la Peyrade’s door, was now trying that of Dutocq, made the Provencal barrister tremble--but secretly, within himself, not betraying externally his inward emotion.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading This man was Cerizet, whom Dutocq had mentioned to Thuillier as his copying-clerk.

wignounUS /wɪɡ/

hairpiece covering the head and made of real or synthetic hair

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading When Theodose reached home he found, waiting for him on the landing, a personage who is, as it were, the submarine current of this history; he will be found within it like some buried church on which has risen the facade of a palace.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Cerizet was only thirty-eight years old, but he looked a man of fifty, so aged had he become from causes which age all men.

yellowadjectiveUS /ˈjeloʊ/

of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk

From this reading His hairless head had a yellow skull, ill-covered by a rusty, discolored wig; the mask of his face, pale, flabby, and unnaturally rough, seemed the more horrible because the nose was eaten away, though not sufficiently to admit of its being replaced by a false one.

Chapter 6 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie by Honoré de Balzac holds 189 sentences, grouped into 38 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie contain?

Chapter 6 holds 189 sentences of The Lesser Bourgeoisie, unabridged, divided into 38 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 189 sentences, grouped into 38 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie?

Work through the 38 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 38 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Common questions about reading The Lesser Bourgeoisie by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Lesser Bourgeoisie?

Yes. All 7414 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1641 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Lesser Bourgeoisie is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1641, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Lesser Bourgeoisie take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1483 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Lesser Bourgeoisie section by section

How to work through The Lesser Bourgeoisie section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 35 chapters of The Lesser Bourgeoisie to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Lesser Bourgeoisie, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Tourniquet
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lesser Bourgeoisie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Saint-jean
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lesser Bourgeoisie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Narrow
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lesser Bourgeoisie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Passage
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lesser Bourgeoisie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.