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The Lesser Bourgeoisie
The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie is here in full — 89 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Lesser Bourgeoisie
Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
From that day forth Thuillier became a dear, good friend.
My dear, good friend,” was the name given to him by Theodose, with voice inflections of varieties of tenderness which astonished Flavie.
But little aunt,” a name that flattered Brigitte deeply, was only given in family secrecy, and occasionally before Flavie.
The activity of Theodose and Dutocq, Cerizet, Barbet, Metivier, Minard, Phellion, Colleville, and others of the Thuillier circle was extreme.
Great and small, they all put their hands to the work.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie is here in full — 89 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
From that day forth Thuillier became a dear, good friend.
Line 2
My dear, good friend,” was the name given to him by Theodose, with voice inflections of varieties of tenderness which astonished Flavie.
Line 3
Butlittle aunt,” a name that flattered Brigitte deeply, was only given in family secrecy, and occasionally before Flavie.
Line 4
The activity of Theodose and Dutocq, Cerizet, Barbet, Metivier, Minard, Phellion, Colleville, and others of the Thuillier circle was extreme.
Line 5
Great and small, they all put their hands to the work.
/ɡreɪt ənd smɔːl ðeɪ ɔːl pʊt ðer hændz tuː ðə wɜːrk/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

activity noun US /ækˈtɪvəti/

any specific behavior

From this reading “The activity of Theodose and Dutocq, Cerizet, Barbet, Metivier, Minard, Phellion, Colleville, and others of the Thuillier circle was extreme.”

extreme adjective US /ekˈstriːm/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading “The activity of Theodose and Dutocq, Cerizet, Barbet, Metivier, Minard, Phellion, Colleville, and others of the Thuillier circle was extreme.”

flattered verb US /ˈflætərd/

past form of “flatter” — praise somewhat dishonestly

From this reading “But “little aunt,” a name that flattered Brigitte deeply, was only given in family secrecy, and occasionally before Flavie.”

inflections noun US /ˌɪnˈflekʃənz/

plural of “inflection” — a change in the form of a word (usually by adding a suffix) to indicate a change in its grammatical function

From this reading ““My dear, good friend,” was the name given to him by Theodose, with voice inflections of varieties of tenderness which astonished Flavie.”

occasionally adverb US /əˈkeɪʒənəli/

sporadically and infrequently

From this reading “But “little aunt,” a name that flattered Brigitte deeply, was only given in family secrecy, and occasionally before Flavie.”

secrecy noun US /ˈsiːkrəsi/

the trait of keeping things secret

From this reading “But “little aunt,” a name that flattered Brigitte deeply, was only given in family secrecy, and occasionally before Flavie.”

tenderness noun US /ˈtendərnəs/

a tendency to express warm and affectionate feeling

From this reading ““My dear, good friend,” was the name given to him by Theodose, with voice inflections of varieties of tenderness which astonished Flavie.”

varieties noun US /vərˈaɪətiz/

plural of “variety” — a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading ““My dear, good friend,” was the name given to him by Theodose, with voice inflections of varieties of tenderness which astonished Flavie.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading From that day forth Thuillier became a dear, good friend.

activitynounUS /ækˈtɪvəti/

any specific behavior

From this reading The activity of Theodose and Dutocq, Cerizet, Barbet, Metivier, Minard, Phellion, Colleville, and others of the Thuillier circle was extreme.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Great and small, they all put their hands to the work.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But “little aunt,” a name that flattered Brigitte deeply, was only given in family secrecy, and occasionally before Flavie.

astonishedadjectiveUS /əˈstɑːnɪʃt/

filled with the emotional impact of overwhelming surprise or shock

From this reading “My dear, good friend,” was the name given to him by Theodose, with voice inflections of varieties of tenderness which astonished Flavie.

auntnounUS /ænt/

the sister of your father or mother; the wife of your uncle

From this reading But “little aunt,” a name that flattered Brigitte deeply, was only given in family secrecy, and occasionally before Flavie.

Barbetnoun

small brightly colored stout-billed tropical bird having short weak wings

From this reading The activity of Theodose and Dutocq, Cerizet, Barbet, Metivier, Minard, Phellion, Colleville, and others of the Thuillier circle was extreme.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading From that day forth Thuillier became a dear, good friend.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading But “little aunt,” a name that flattered Brigitte deeply, was only given in family secrecy, and occasionally before Flavie.

Brigitte

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But “little aunt,” a name that flattered Brigitte deeply, was only given in family secrecy, and occasionally before Flavie.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But “little aunt,” a name that flattered Brigitte deeply, was only given in family secrecy, and occasionally before Flavie.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading “My dear, good friend,” was the name given to him by Theodose, with voice inflections of varieties of tenderness which astonished Flavie.

Cerizet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The activity of Theodose and Dutocq, Cerizet, Barbet, Metivier, Minard, Phellion, Colleville, and others of the Thuillier circle was extreme.

circlenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəl/

ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading The activity of Theodose and Dutocq, Cerizet, Barbet, Metivier, Minard, Phellion, Colleville, and others of the Thuillier circle was extreme.

Colleville

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The activity of Theodose and Dutocq, Cerizet, Barbet, Metivier, Minard, Phellion, Colleville, and others of the Thuillier circle was extreme.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading From that day forth Thuillier became a dear, good friend.

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading From that day forth Thuillier became a dear, good friend.

deeplyadverbUS /ˈdiːpli/

to a great depth psychologically or emotionally

From this reading But “little aunt,” a name that flattered Brigitte deeply, was only given in family secrecy, and occasionally before Flavie.

Dutocq

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The activity of Theodose and Dutocq, Cerizet, Barbet, Metivier, Minard, Phellion, Colleville, and others of the Thuillier circle was extreme.

extremeadjectiveUS /ekˈstriːm/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading The activity of Theodose and Dutocq, Cerizet, Barbet, Metivier, Minard, Phellion, Colleville, and others of the Thuillier circle was extreme.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading But “little aunt,” a name that flattered Brigitte deeply, was only given in family secrecy, and occasionally before Flavie.

flatteredverbUS /ˈflætərd/

past form of “flatter” — praise somewhat dishonestly

From this reading But “little aunt,” a name that flattered Brigitte deeply, was only given in family secrecy, and occasionally before Flavie.

Flavie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “My dear, good friend,” was the name given to him by Theodose, with voice inflections of varieties of tenderness which astonished Flavie.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading From that day forth Thuillier became a dear, good friend.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading From that day forth Thuillier became a dear, good friend.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From that day forth Thuillier became a dear, good friend.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading “My dear, good friend,” was the name given to him by Theodose, with voice inflections of varieties of tenderness which astonished Flavie.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading From that day forth Thuillier became a dear, good friend.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Great and small, they all put their hands to the work.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading Great and small, they all put their hands to the work.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “My dear, good friend,” was the name given to him by Theodose, with voice inflections of varieties of tenderness which astonished Flavie.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But “little aunt,” a name that flattered Brigitte deeply, was only given in family secrecy, and occasionally before Flavie.

inflectionsnounUS /ˌɪnˈflekʃənz/

plural of “inflection” — a change in the form of a word (usually by adding a suffix) to indicate a change in its grammatical function

From this reading “My dear, good friend,” was the name given to him by Theodose, with voice inflections of varieties of tenderness which astonished Flavie.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading But “little aunt,” a name that flattered Brigitte deeply, was only given in family secrecy, and occasionally before Flavie.

Metivier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The activity of Theodose and Dutocq, Cerizet, Barbet, Metivier, Minard, Phellion, Colleville, and others of the Thuillier circle was extreme.

Minard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The activity of Theodose and Dutocq, Cerizet, Barbet, Metivier, Minard, Phellion, Colleville, and others of the Thuillier circle was extreme.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading “My dear, good friend,” was the name given to him by Theodose, with voice inflections of varieties of tenderness which astonished Flavie.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading “My dear, good friend,” was the name given to him by Theodose, with voice inflections of varieties of tenderness which astonished Flavie.

occasionallyadverbUS /əˈkeɪʒənəli/

sporadically and infrequently

From this reading But “little aunt,” a name that flattered Brigitte deeply, was only given in family secrecy, and occasionally before Flavie.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “My dear, good friend,” was the name given to him by Theodose, with voice inflections of varieties of tenderness which astonished Flavie.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading But “little aunt,” a name that flattered Brigitte deeply, was only given in family secrecy, and occasionally before Flavie.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The activity of Theodose and Dutocq, Cerizet, Barbet, Metivier, Minard, Phellion, Colleville, and others of the Thuillier circle was extreme.

Phellion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The activity of Theodose and Dutocq, Cerizet, Barbet, Metivier, Minard, Phellion, Colleville, and others of the Thuillier circle was extreme.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Great and small, they all put their hands to the work.

secrecynounUS /ˈsiːkrəsi/

the trait of keeping things secret

From this reading But “little aunt,” a name that flattered Brigitte deeply, was only given in family secrecy, and occasionally before Flavie.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Great and small, they all put their hands to the work.

tendernessnounUS /ˈtendərnəs/

a tendency to express warm and affectionate feeling

From this reading “My dear, good friend,” was the name given to him by Theodose, with voice inflections of varieties of tenderness which astonished Flavie.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading From that day forth Thuillier became a dear, good friend.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “My dear, good friend,” was the name given to him by Theodose, with voice inflections of varieties of tenderness which astonished Flavie.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Great and small, they all put their hands to the work.

Theodose

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “My dear, good friend,” was the name given to him by Theodose, with voice inflections of varieties of tenderness which astonished Flavie.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Great and small, they all put their hands to the work.

Thuillier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From that day forth Thuillier became a dear, good friend.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “My dear, good friend,” was the name given to him by Theodose, with voice inflections of varieties of tenderness which astonished Flavie.

varietiesnounUS /vərˈaɪətiz/

plural of “variety” — a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading “My dear, good friend,” was the name given to him by Theodose, with voice inflections of varieties of tenderness which astonished Flavie.

voicenounUS /vɔɪs/

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading “My dear, good friend,” was the name given to him by Theodose, with voice inflections of varieties of tenderness which astonished Flavie.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “My dear, good friend,” was the name given to him by Theodose, with voice inflections of varieties of tenderness which astonished Flavie.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading “My dear, good friend,” was the name given to him by Theodose, with voice inflections of varieties of tenderness which astonished Flavie.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading “My dear, good friend,” was the name given to him by Theodose, with voice inflections of varieties of tenderness which astonished Flavie.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Great and small, they all put their hands to the work.

Chapter 11 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie by Honoré de Balzac holds 89 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie contain?

Chapter 11 holds 89 sentences of The Lesser Bourgeoisie, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 89 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Common questions about reading The Lesser Bourgeoisie by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Lesser Bourgeoisie?

Yes. All 7414 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1641 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Lesser Bourgeoisie is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1641, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Lesser Bourgeoisie take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1483 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Lesser Bourgeoisie section by section

How to work through The Lesser Bourgeoisie section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 35 chapters of The Lesser Bourgeoisie to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Lesser Bourgeoisie, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Tourniquet
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lesser Bourgeoisie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Saint-jean
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lesser Bourgeoisie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Narrow
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lesser Bourgeoisie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Passage
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lesser Bourgeoisie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.