Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Lesser Bourgeoisie
The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie is here in full — 286 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Lesser Bourgeoisie
Context Illustration Reading 1/57 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.
The owner, forbidden by the law to repair it, or to add new storeys, was compelled to let the wretched building in the condition in which he bought it.
It consisted of a first storey above the ground-floor, surmounted by garrets, with two small wings running back on either side.
The courtyard thus formed ended in a garden planted with trees, which was always rented to the occupant of the first floor.
This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie is here in full — 286 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/57 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.
Line 2
The owner, forbidden by the law to repair it, or to add new storeys, was compelled to let the wretched building in the condition in which he bought it.
Line 3
It consisted of a first storey above the ground-floor, surmounted by garrets, with two small wings running back on either side.
Line 4
The courtyard thus formed ended in a garden planted with trees, which was always rented to the occupant of the first floor.
/ðə ˈkɔːrt.jɑːrd ðʌs fɔːrmd ˈendəd ɪn ə ˈɡɑːrdən ˈplæntɪd wɪð triːz wɪtʃ wɑːz ˈɔːlweɪz ˈrentɪd tuː ðə ˈɑːkjəpənt ʌv ðə fɜːrst flɔːr/
Line 5
This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen yearslease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

concierge noun US /ˌkɑːnsiˈerʒ/

a French caretaker of apartments or a hotel; lives on the premises and oversees people entering and leaving and handles mail and acts as janitor or porter

From this reading “This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.”

garrets noun US /ˈɡerəts/

plural of “garret” — floor consisting of open space at the top of a house just below roof; often used for storage

From this reading “It consisted of a first storey above the ground-floor, surmounted by garrets, with two small wings running back on either side.”

narrowest adjective US /ˈneroʊəst/

superlative of “narrow” — not wide

From this reading “THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.”

policing verb US /pəˈliːsɪŋ/

-ing form of “police” — maintain the security of by carrying out a patrol

From this reading “This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.”

rented verb US /ˈrentɪd/

past form of “rent” — let for money

From this reading “The courtyard thus formed ended in a garden planted with trees, which was always rented to the occupant of the first floor.”

storey noun US /ˈstɔːri/

a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale

From this reading “It consisted of a first storey above the ground-floor, surmounted by garrets, with two small wings running back on either side.”

straightening verb US /ˈstreɪtənɪŋ/

-ing form of “straighten” — straighten up or out; make straight

From this reading “THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.”

thefts noun US /θefts/

plural of “theft” — the act of taking something from someone unlawfully

From this reading “THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.”

All words in this reading · 115

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It consisted of a first storey above the ground-floor, surmounted by garrets, with two small wings running back on either side.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading It consisted of a first storey above the ground-floor, surmounted by garrets, with two small wings running back on either side.

addverbUS /æd/

make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading The owner, forbidden by the law to repair it, or to add new storeys, was compelled to let the wretched building in the condition in which he bought it.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The courtyard thus formed ended in a garden planted with trees, which was always rented to the occupant of the first floor.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading It consisted of a first storey above the ground-floor, surmounted by garrets, with two small wings running back on either side.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

boughtverbUS /bɑːt/

inflected form of “buy” — obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction

From this reading The owner, forbidden by the law to repair it, or to add new storeys, was compelled to let the wretched building in the condition in which he bought it.

buildverbUS /bɪld/

make by combining materials and parts

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading The owner, forbidden by the law to repair it, or to add new storeys, was compelled to let the wretched building in the condition in which he bought it.

buildingsnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋz/

plural of “building” — a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The owner, forbidden by the law to repair it, or to add new storeys, was compelled to let the wretched building in the condition in which he bought it.

censurenounUS /ˈsenʃər/

harsh criticism or disapproval

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

compelledverbUS /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading The owner, forbidden by the law to repair it, or to add new storeys, was compelled to let the wretched building in the condition in which he bought it.

conciergenounUS /ˌkɑːnsiˈerʒ/

a French caretaker of apartments or a hotel; lives on the premises and oversees people entering and leaving and handles mail and acts as janitor or porter

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading The owner, forbidden by the law to repair it, or to add new storeys, was compelled to let the wretched building in the condition in which he bought it.

consistedverbUS /kənˈsɪstəd/

past form of “consist” — originate

From this reading It consisted of a first storey above the ground-floor, surmounted by garrets, with two small wings running back on either side.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

courtyardnounUS /ˈkɔːrt.jɑːrd/

An unroofed area that is completely or partially enclosed by the walls of a house.

From this reading The courtyard thus formed ended in a garden planted with trees, which was always rented to the occupant of the first floor.

CROPnounUS /krɑːp/

the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

curiositynounUS /ˌkjʊriˈɑːsəti/

a state in which you want to learn more about something

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

depthnounUS /depθ/

the extent downward or backward or inward

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

DIFFICULTIESnounUS /ˈdɪfəkəltiz/

plural of “difficulty” — an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

EASIESTadjectiveUS /ˈiːziəst/

superlative of “easy” — posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

eighteenadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːn/

being one more than seventeen

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading It consisted of a first storey above the ground-floor, surmounted by garrets, with two small wings running back on either side.

endedadjectiveUS /ˈendəd/

having come or been brought to a conclusion

From this reading The courtyard thus formed ended in a garden planted with trees, which was always rented to the occupant of the first floor.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading It consisted of a first storey above the ground-floor, surmounted by garrets, with two small wings running back on either side.

floornounUS /flɔːr/

the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure)

From this reading The courtyard thus formed ended in a garden planted with trees, which was always rented to the occupant of the first floor.

forbiddenadjectiveUS /fərˈbɪd.ən/

Not allowed; banned or prohibited by rule or law.

From this reading The owner, forbidden by the law to repair it, or to add new storeys, was compelled to let the wretched building in the condition in which he bought it.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading The courtyard thus formed ended in a garden planted with trees, which was always rented to the occupant of the first floor.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading The courtyard thus formed ended in a garden planted with trees, which was always rented to the occupant of the first floor.

garretsnounUS /ˈɡerəts/

plural of “garret” — floor consisting of open space at the top of a house just below roof; often used for storage

From this reading It consisted of a first storey above the ground-floor, surmounted by garrets, with two small wings running back on either side.

ground-flooradjective

on the floor closest to level with the ground

From this reading It consisted of a first storey above the ground-floor, surmounted by garrets, with two small wings running back on either side.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The owner, forbidden by the law to repair it, or to add new storeys, was compelled to let the wretched building in the condition in which he bought it.

Honore-Chevalier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The owner, forbidden by the law to repair it, or to add new storeys, was compelled to let the wretched building in the condition in which he bought it.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading The owner, forbidden by the law to repair it, or to add new storeys, was compelled to let the wretched building in the condition in which he bought it.

leasenounUS /liːs/

property that is leased or rented out or let

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading The owner, forbidden by the law to repair it, or to add new storeys, was compelled to let the wretched building in the condition in which he bought it.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

mysteriousadjectiveUS /mɪˈstɪriəs/

of an obscure nature

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

narrowestadjectiveUS /ˈneroʊəst/

superlative of “narrow” — not wide

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The owner, forbidden by the law to repair it, or to add new storeys, was compelled to let the wretched building in the condition in which he bought it.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

occupantnounUS /ˈɑːkjəpənt/

someone who lives at a particular place for a prolonged period or who was born there

From this reading The courtyard thus formed ended in a garden planted with trees, which was always rented to the occupant of the first floor.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

officialadjectiveUS /əˈfɪʃəl/

having official authority or sanction

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It consisted of a first storey above the ground-floor, surmounted by garrets, with two small wings running back on either side.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The owner, forbidden by the law to repair it, or to add new storeys, was compelled to let the wretched building in the condition in which he bought it.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

owingadjectiveUS /ˈoʊɪŋ/

owed as a debt

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

ownernounUS /ˈoʊnər/

(law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading The owner, forbidden by the law to repair it, or to add new storeys, was compelled to let the wretched building in the condition in which he bought it.

personagenoun

another word for person; a person not meriting identification

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

plantedadjectiveUS /ˈplæntɪd/

(used especially of ideas or principles) deeply rooted; firmly fixed or held

From this reading The courtyard thus formed ended in a garden planted with trees, which was always rented to the occupant of the first floor.

policingverbUS /pəˈliːsɪŋ/

-ing form of “police” — maintain the security of by carrying out a patrol

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

quarternounUS /ˈkwɔːrtər/

one of four equal parts

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

railingnounUS /ˈreɪlɪŋ/

a barrier consisting of a horizontal bar and supports

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

rentedverbUS /ˈrentɪd/

past form of “rent” — let for money

From this reading The courtyard thus formed ended in a garden planted with trees, which was always rented to the occupant of the first floor.

repairnounUS /rɪˈper/

the act of putting something in working order again

From this reading The owner, forbidden by the law to repair it, or to add new storeys, was compelled to let the wretched building in the condition in which he bought it.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

ruenounUS /ruː/

European strong-scented perennial herb with grey-green bitter-tasting leaves; an irritant similar to poison ivy

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

runningadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading It consisted of a first storey above the ground-floor, surmounted by garrets, with two small wings running back on either side.

Saint-Sulpice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

sellverbUS /sel/

exchange or deliver for money or its equivalent

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

separatedadjectiveUS /ˈsepəreɪtɪd/

being or feeling set or kept apart from others

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading It consisted of a first storey above the ground-floor, surmounted by garrets, with two small wings running back on either side.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It consisted of a first storey above the ground-floor, surmounted by garrets, with two small wings running back on either side.

storeynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale

From this reading It consisted of a first storey above the ground-floor, surmounted by garrets, with two small wings running back on either side.

storeys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The owner, forbidden by the law to repair it, or to add new storeys, was compelled to let the wretched building in the condition in which he bought it.

straighteningverbUS /ˈstreɪtənɪŋ/

-ing form of “straighten” — straighten up or out; make straight

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

surmountedadjectiveUS /sərˈmaʊntɪd/

having something on top

From this reading It consisted of a first storey above the ground-floor, surmounted by garrets, with two small wings running back on either side.

tenantsnounUS /ˈtenənts/

plural of “tenant” — someone who pays rent to use land or a building or a car that is owned by someone else

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

THATconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

THEFTSnounUS /θefts/

plural of “theft” — the act of taking something from someone unlawfully

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading The courtyard thus formed ended in a garden planted with trees, which was always rented to the occupant of the first floor.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

Toupillier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading The courtyard thus formed ended in a garden planted with trees, which was always rented to the occupant of the first floor.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading It consisted of a first storey above the ground-floor, surmounted by garrets, with two small wings running back on either side.

UPadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The owner, forbidden by the law to repair it, or to add new storeys, was compelled to let the wretched building in the condition in which he bought it.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CROP UP IN THE EASIEST OF THEFTS The house in which Toupillier lived is one of those which have lost half their depth, owing to the straightening of the line of the street, the rue Honore-Chevalier being one of the narrowest in the Saint-Sulpice quarter.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

wingsnounUS /wɪŋz/

a means of flight or ascent

From this reading It consisted of a first storey above the ground-floor, surmounted by garrets, with two small wings running back on either side.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It consisted of a first storey above the ground-floor, surmounted by garrets, with two small wings running back on either side.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

wretchedadjectiveUS /ˈretʃɪd/

of very poor quality or condition

From this reading The owner, forbidden by the law to repair it, or to add new storeys, was compelled to let the wretched building in the condition in which he bought it.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading This garden, separated by an iron railing from the courtyard, would have allowed a rich owner to sell the front buildings to the city, and to build a new house upon the courtyard; but the whole of the first floor was let on an eighteen years’ lease to a mysterious personage, about whom neither the official policing of the concierge nor the curiosity of the other tenants could find anything to censure.

Chapter 15 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie by Honoré de Balzac holds 286 sentences, grouped into 58 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie contain?

Chapter 15 holds 286 sentences of The Lesser Bourgeoisie, unabridged, divided into 58 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 286 sentences, grouped into 58 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie?

Work through the 58 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 58 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Common questions about reading The Lesser Bourgeoisie by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Lesser Bourgeoisie?

Yes. All 7414 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1641 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Lesser Bourgeoisie is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1641, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Lesser Bourgeoisie take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1483 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Lesser Bourgeoisie section by section

How to work through The Lesser Bourgeoisie section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 35 chapters of The Lesser Bourgeoisie to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Lesser Bourgeoisie, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Tourniquet
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lesser Bourgeoisie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Saint-jean
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lesser Bourgeoisie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Narrow
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lesser Bourgeoisie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Passage
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lesser Bourgeoisie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.