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The Lesser Bourgeoisie
The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie is here in full — 136 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The next day Cerizet did not fail to appear at the rendezvous given to him.
Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.
Without rising, and merely making a sign to his guest to take a chair, the little old man continued the letter he was then writing.
After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”
Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie is here in full — 136 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The next day Cerizet did not fail to appear at the rendezvous given to him.
Line 2
Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.
Line 3
Without rising, and merely making a sign to his guest to take a chair, the little old man continued the letter he was then writing.
/wɪˈθaʊt ˈraɪzɪŋ ənd ˈmɪrli ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə saɪn tuː hɪz ɡest tuː teɪk ə tʃer ðə ˈlɪtəl oʊld mæn kənˈtɪnjuːd ðə ˈletər hiː wɑːz ðen ˈraɪtɪŋ/
Line 4
After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”
Line 5
Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

denoted verb US /dɪˈnoʊtəd/

past form of “denote” — be a sign or indication of

From this reading “After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.””

diplomatic adjective US /ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk/

relating to or characteristic of diplomacy

From this reading “After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.””

displaced verb US /dɪˈspleɪst/

past form of “displace” — cause to move, usually with force or pressure

From this reading “Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?””

fastidious adjective US /fæˈstɪdiəs/

giving careful attention to detail; hard to please; excessively concerned with cleanliness

From this reading “After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.””

rendezvous noun US /ˈrɑːndɪvuː/

a meeting planned at a certain time and place

From this reading “The next day Cerizet did not fail to appear at the rendezvous given to him.”

sealing noun US /ˈsiːlɪŋ/

the act of treating something to make it repel water

From this reading “After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.””

symmetrically adverb US /səˈmetrɪkli/

in a symmetrical manner

From this reading “Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?””

wicket noun US /ˈwɪkət/

cricket equipment consisting of a set of three stumps topped by crosspieces; used in playing cricket

From this reading “Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.”

All words in this reading · 112

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Without rising, and merely making a sign to his guest to take a chair, the little old man continued the letter he was then writing.

accustomedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌstəmd/

commonly used or practiced; usual

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

admittedverbUS /ədˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “admit” — declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The next day Cerizet did not fail to appear at the rendezvous given to him.

arrangementsnounUS /ərˈeɪndʒmənts/

plural of “arrangement” — the thing arranged or agreed to

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

arrondissement

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

articlesnounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəlz/

plural of “article” — nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The next day Cerizet did not fail to appear at the rendezvous given to him.

Bruneau

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

carefullyadverbUS /ˈkerfəli/

taking care or paying attention

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

Cerizet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next day Cerizet did not fail to appear at the rendezvous given to him.

chairnounUS /tʃer/

a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading Without rising, and merely making a sign to his guest to take a chair, the little old man continued the letter he was then writing.

completedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpliːtəd/

successfully completed or brought to an end

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading Without rising, and merely making a sign to his guest to take a chair, the little old man continued the letter he was then writing.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The next day Cerizet did not fail to appear at the rendezvous given to him.

denotedverbUS /dɪˈnoʊtəd/

past form of “denote” — be a sign or indication of

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

desknounUS /desk/

a piece of furniture with a writing surface and usually drawers or other compartments

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The next day Cerizet did not fail to appear at the rendezvous given to him.

diplomaticadjectiveUS /ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk/

relating to or characteristic of diplomacy

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

dischargeverbUS /dɪsˈtʃɑːrdʒ/

complete or carry out

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

displacedverbUS /dɪˈspleɪst/

past form of “displace” — cause to move, usually with force or pressure

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

du

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

ExaminedverbUS /ɪɡˈzæmənd/

past form of “examine” — consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

extremelyadverbUS /ekˈstriːmli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

failverbUS /feɪl/

fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading The next day Cerizet did not fail to appear at the rendezvous given to him.

fastidiousadjectiveUS /fæˈstɪdiəs/

giving careful attention to detail; hard to please; excessively concerned with cleanliness

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

functionsnounUS /ˈfʌŋkʃənz/

plural of “function” — (mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function)

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading The next day Cerizet did not fail to appear at the rendezvous given to him.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

guestnounUS /ɡest/

a visitor to whom hospitality is extended

From this reading Without rising, and merely making a sign to his guest to take a chair, the little old man continued the letter he was then writing.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The next day Cerizet did not fail to appear at the rendezvous given to him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

immediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

justice-of-peace

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading Without rising, and merely making a sign to his guest to take a chair, the little old man continued the letter he was then writing.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Without rising, and merely making a sign to his guest to take a chair, the little old man continued the letter he was then writing.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Without rising, and merely making a sign to his guest to take a chair, the little old man continued the letter he was then writing.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Without rising, and merely making a sign to his guest to take a chair, the little old man continued the letter he was then writing.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading Without rising, and merely making a sign to his guest to take a chair, the little old man continued the letter he was then writing.

MonsieurnounUS /məˈsjɜːr/

used as a French courtesy title; equivalent to English “Mr”

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The next day Cerizet did not fail to appear at the rendezvous given to him.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The next day Cerizet did not fail to appear at the rendezvous given to him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Without rising, and merely making a sign to his guest to take a chair, the little old man continued the letter he was then writing.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

particularadjectiveUS /pərˈtɪkjələr/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

pennounUS /pen/

a writing implement with a point from which ink flows

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

Portail

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

precisionnounUS /priˈsɪʒən/

the quality of being reproducible in amount or performance

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

rangverbUS /ræŋ/

inflected form of “ring” — sound loudly and sonorously

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

rendezvousnounUS /ˈrɑːndɪvuː/

a meeting planned at a certain time and place

From this reading The next day Cerizet did not fail to appear at the rendezvous given to him.

restoredverbUS /rɪˈstɔːrd/

past form of “restore” — return to its original or usable and functioning condition

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

risingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪzɪŋ/

advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status

From this reading Without rising, and merely making a sign to his guest to take a chair, the little old man continued the letter he was then writing.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

sealingnounUS /ˈsiːlɪŋ/

the act of treating something to make it repel water

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

signnounUS /saɪn/

a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading Without rising, and merely making a sign to his guest to take a chair, the little old man continued the letter he was then writing.

steelnounUS /stiːl/

an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

symmetricallyadverbUS /səˈmetrɪkli/

in a symmetrical manner

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Without rising, and merely making a sign to his guest to take a chair, the little old man continued the letter he was then writing.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The next day Cerizet did not fail to appear at the rendezvous given to him.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Without rising, and merely making a sign to his guest to take a chair, the little old man continued the letter he was then writing.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The next day Cerizet did not fail to appear at the rendezvous given to him.

Toupillier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

usheredverbUS /ˈʌʃərd/

past form of “usher” — take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

valetnounUS /væˈleɪ/

a manservant who acts as a personal attendant to his employer

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

waxverbUS /wæks/

cover with wax

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

wicketnounUS /ˈwɪkət/

cricket equipment consisting of a set of three stumps topped by crosspieces; used in playing cricket

From this reading Examined, at first, through the wicket of the door, he was admitted, after giving his name, into the house, and was ushered immediately to the study of Monsieur du Portail, whom he found at his desk.

wipedverbUS /waɪpt/

past form of “wipe” — rub with a circular motion

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading After sealing it with wax, with a care and precision that denoted a nature extremely fastidious and particular, or else a man accustomed to discharge diplomatic functions, du Portail rang for Bruneau, his valet, and said, as he gave him the letter:-- “For the justice-of-peace of the arrondissement.”

WithoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Without rising, and merely making a sign to his guest to take a chair, the little old man continued the letter he was then writing.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading Without rising, and merely making a sign to his guest to take a chair, the little old man continued the letter he was then writing.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Then he carefully wiped the steel pen he had just used, restored to their places, symmetrically, all the displaced articles on his desk, and it was only when these little arrangements were completed that he turned to Cerizet, and said:-- “You know, of course, that we lost that poor Monsieur Toupillier last night?”

Chapter 16 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie by Honoré de Balzac holds 136 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie contain?

Chapter 16 holds 136 sentences of The Lesser Bourgeoisie, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 136 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Common questions about reading The Lesser Bourgeoisie by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Lesser Bourgeoisie?

Yes. All 7414 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1641 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Lesser Bourgeoisie is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1641, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Lesser Bourgeoisie take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1483 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Lesser Bourgeoisie section by section

How to work through The Lesser Bourgeoisie section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Lesser Bourgeoisie, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Tourniquet
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lesser Bourgeoisie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Saint-jean
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lesser Bourgeoisie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Narrow
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lesser Bourgeoisie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Passage
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lesser Bourgeoisie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.