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The Lesser Bourgeoisie
The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie is here in full — 126 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
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Between the first and second parts of this history an immense event had taken place in the life of Phellion.
There is no one who has not heard of the misfortunes of the Odeon, that fatal theatre which, for years, ruined all its directors.
Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.
Now to meddle with theatrical matters is one of the eternally perennial ambitions of the lesser bourgeoisie.
Always, therefore, the successive saviours of the Odeon feel themselves magnificently rewarded if they are given ever so small a share in the administration of that enterprise.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie is here in full — 126 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Between the first and second parts of this history an immense event had taken place in the life of Phellion.
Line 2
There is no one who has not heard of the misfortunes of the Odeon, that fatal theatre which, for years, ruined all its directors.
Line 3
Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.
Line 4
Now to meddle with theatrical matters is one of the eternally perennial ambitions of the lesser bourgeoisie.
/naʊ tuː ˈmedəl wɪð θiˈætrɪkəl ˈmætərz ɪz wʌn ʌv ðə ɪˈtɜːrnəli pərˈeniəl æmˈbɪʃənz ʌv ðə ˈlesər ˌbʊrʒwɑːˈziː/
Line 5
Always, therefore, the successive saviours of the Odeon feel themselves magnificently rewarded if they are given ever so small a share in the administration of that enterprise.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ambitions noun US /æmˈbɪʃənz/

plural of “ambition” — a cherished desire

From this reading “Now to meddle with theatrical matters is one of the eternally perennial ambitions of the lesser bourgeoisie.”

bourgeoisie noun US /ˌbʊrʒwɑːˈziː/

the social class between the lower and upper classes

From this reading “Now to meddle with theatrical matters is one of the eternally perennial ambitions of the lesser bourgeoisie.”

directors noun US /dərˈektərz/

plural of “director” — someone who controls resources and expenditures

From this reading “There is no one who has not heard of the misfortunes of the Odeon, that fatal theatre which, for years, ruined all its directors.”

eternally adverb US /ɪˈtɜːrnəli/

for a limitless time

From this reading “Now to meddle with theatrical matters is one of the eternally perennial ambitions of the lesser bourgeoisie.”

galvanize verb US /ˈɡælvənaɪz/

to stimulate to action

From this reading “Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.”

magnificently adverb US /mæɡˈnɪfəsəntli/

extremely well

From this reading “Always, therefore, the successive saviours of the Odeon feel themselves magnificently rewarded if they are given ever so small a share in the administration of that enterprise.”

perennial adjective US /pərˈeniəl/

lasting three seasons or more

From this reading “Now to meddle with theatrical matters is one of the eternally perennial ambitions of the lesser bourgeoisie.”

successive adjective US /səkˈsesɪv/

in regular succession without gaps

From this reading “Always, therefore, the successive saviours of the Odeon feel themselves magnificently rewarded if they are given ever so small a share in the administration of that enterprise.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

administrationnounUS /ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən/

a method of tending to or managing the affairs of a some group of people (especially the group's business affairs)

From this reading Always, therefore, the successive saviours of the Odeon feel themselves magnificently rewarded if they are given ever so small a share in the administration of that enterprise.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading There is no one who has not heard of the misfortunes of the Odeon, that fatal theatre which, for years, ruined all its directors.

AlwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Always, therefore, the successive saviours of the Odeon feel themselves magnificently rewarded if they are given ever so small a share in the administration of that enterprise.

ambitionsnounUS /æmˈbɪʃənz/

plural of “ambition” — a cherished desire

From this reading Now to meddle with theatrical matters is one of the eternally perennial ambitions of the lesser bourgeoisie.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Between the first and second parts of this history an immense event had taken place in the life of Phellion.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Between the first and second parts of this history an immense event had taken place in the life of Phellion.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Always, therefore, the successive saviours of the Odeon feel themselves magnificently rewarded if they are given ever so small a share in the administration of that enterprise.

arrondissement

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

authoritiesnounUS /əˈθɔːrətiz/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

BetweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Between the first and second parts of this history an immense event had taken place in the life of Phellion.

bourgeoisienounUS /ˌbʊrʒwɑːˈziː/

the social class between the lower and upper classes

From this reading Now to meddle with theatrical matters is one of the eternally perennial ambitions of the lesser bourgeoisie.

convincedadjectiveUS /kənˈvɪnst/

persuaded of; very sure

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

corpsenounUS /kɔːrps/

the dead body of a human being

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

couragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

dependsverbUS /dɪˈpendz/

third-person singular of “depend” — be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

desperateadjectiveUS /ˈdesprɪt/

arising from or marked by despair or loss of hope

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

directorsnounUS /dərˈektərz/

plural of “director” — someone who controls resources and expenditures

From this reading There is no one who has not heard of the misfortunes of the Odeon, that fatal theatre which, for years, ruined all its directors.

dramaticadjectiveUS /drəˈmætɪk/

suitable to or characteristic of drama

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

effortsnounUS /ˈefərts/

plural of “effort” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

enterprisenounUS /ˈentərpraɪz/

a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading Always, therefore, the successive saviours of the Odeon feel themselves magnificently rewarded if they are given ever so small a share in the administration of that enterprise.

eternallyadverbUS /ɪˈtɜːrnəli/

for a limitless time

From this reading Now to meddle with theatrical matters is one of the eternally perennial ambitions of the lesser bourgeoisie.

eventnounUS /ɪˈvent/

something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading Between the first and second parts of this history an immense event had taken place in the life of Phellion.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Always, therefore, the successive saviours of the Odeon feel themselves magnificently rewarded if they are given ever so small a share in the administration of that enterprise.

fataladjectiveUS /ˈfeɪtəl/

bringing death

From this reading There is no one who has not heard of the misfortunes of the Odeon, that fatal theatre which, for years, ruined all its directors.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading Always, therefore, the successive saviours of the Odeon feel themselves magnificently rewarded if they are given ever so small a share in the administration of that enterprise.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Between the first and second parts of this history an immense event had taken place in the life of Phellion.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading There is no one who has not heard of the misfortunes of the Odeon, that fatal theatre which, for years, ruined all its directors.

galvanizeverbUS /ˈɡælvənaɪz/

to stimulate to action

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading Always, therefore, the successive saviours of the Odeon feel themselves magnificently rewarded if they are given ever so small a share in the administration of that enterprise.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Between the first and second parts of this history an immense event had taken place in the life of Phellion.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There is no one who has not heard of the misfortunes of the Odeon, that fatal theatre which, for years, ruined all its directors.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading There is no one who has not heard of the misfortunes of the Odeon, that fatal theatre which, for years, ruined all its directors.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading Between the first and second parts of this history an immense event had taken place in the life of Phellion.

honorsnounUS /ˈɑːnərz/

plural of “honor” — a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Always, therefore, the successive saviours of the Odeon feel themselves magnificently rewarded if they are given ever so small a share in the administration of that enterprise.

immenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmens/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Between the first and second parts of this history an immense event had taken place in the life of Phellion.

impossibilitynounUS /ˌɪmpɔːsɪˈbɪlɪti/

incapability of existing or occurring

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Between the first and second parts of this history an immense event had taken place in the life of Phellion.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There is no one who has not heard of the misfortunes of the Odeon, that fatal theatre which, for years, ruined all its directors.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading There is no one who has not heard of the misfortunes of the Odeon, that fatal theatre which, for years, ruined all its directors.

lesseradjectiveUS /ˈlesər/

of less size or importance

From this reading Now to meddle with theatrical matters is one of the eternally perennial ambitions of the lesser bourgeoisie.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Between the first and second parts of this history an immense event had taken place in the life of Phellion.

magnificentlyadverbUS /mæɡˈnɪfəsəntli/

extremely well

From this reading Always, therefore, the successive saviours of the Odeon feel themselves magnificently rewarded if they are given ever so small a share in the administration of that enterprise.

mattersnounUS /ˈmætərz/

plural of “matter” — a vaguely specified concern

From this reading Now to meddle with theatrical matters is one of the eternally perennial ambitions of the lesser bourgeoisie.

mayornounUS /ˈmeɪər/

the head of a city government

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

meddleverbUS /ˈmedəl/

intrude in other people's affairs or business; interfere unwantedly

From this reading Now to meddle with theatrical matters is one of the eternally perennial ambitions of the lesser bourgeoisie.

misfortunesnounUS /mɪˈsfɔːrtʃənz/

plural of “misfortune” — unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event

From this reading There is no one who has not heard of the misfortunes of the Odeon, that fatal theatre which, for years, ruined all its directors.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There is no one who has not heard of the misfortunes of the Odeon, that fatal theatre which, for years, ruined all its directors.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading There is no one who has not heard of the misfortunes of the Odeon, that fatal theatre which, for years, ruined all its directors.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now to meddle with theatrical matters is one of the eternally perennial ambitions of the lesser bourgeoisie.

Odeon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is no one who has not heard of the misfortunes of the Odeon, that fatal theatre which, for years, ruined all its directors.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Between the first and second parts of this history an immense event had taken place in the life of Phellion.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading There is no one who has not heard of the misfortunes of the Odeon, that fatal theatre which, for years, ruined all its directors.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading Between the first and second parts of this history an immense event had taken place in the life of Phellion.

perennialadjectiveUS /pərˈeniəl/

lasting three seasons or more

From this reading Now to meddle with theatrical matters is one of the eternally perennial ambitions of the lesser bourgeoisie.

Phellion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Between the first and second parts of this history an immense event had taken place in the life of Phellion.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Between the first and second parts of this history an immense event had taken place in the life of Phellion.

prosperitynounUS /prɑːˈsperəti/

an economic state of growth with rising profits and full employment

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

quarternounUS /ˈkwɔːrtər/

one of four equal parts

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

rewardedverbUS /rɪˈwɔːrdɪd/

past form of “reward” — bestow honor or rewards upon

From this reading Always, therefore, the successive saviours of the Odeon feel themselves magnificently rewarded if they are given ever so small a share in the administration of that enterprise.

RightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

ruinedadjectiveUS /ˈruːənd/

destroyed physically or morally

From this reading There is no one who has not heard of the misfortunes of the Odeon, that fatal theatre which, for years, ruined all its directors.

saviours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Always, therefore, the successive saviours of the Odeon feel themselves magnificently rewarded if they are given ever so small a share in the administration of that enterprise.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Between the first and second parts of this history an immense event had taken place in the life of Phellion.

shareverbUS /ʃer/

have in common

From this reading Always, therefore, the successive saviours of the Odeon feel themselves magnificently rewarded if they are given ever so small a share in the administration of that enterprise.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Always, therefore, the successive saviours of the Odeon feel themselves magnificently rewarded if they are given ever so small a share in the administration of that enterprise.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

successiveadjectiveUS /səkˈsesɪv/

in regular succession without gaps

From this reading Always, therefore, the successive saviours of the Odeon feel themselves magnificently rewarded if they are given ever so small a share in the administration of that enterprise.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading Between the first and second parts of this history an immense event had taken place in the life of Phellion.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading There is no one who has not heard of the misfortunes of the Odeon, that fatal theatre which, for years, ruined all its directors.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Between the first and second parts of this history an immense event had taken place in the life of Phellion.

theatrenounUS /ˈθiːətər/

a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented

From this reading There is no one who has not heard of the misfortunes of the Odeon, that fatal theatre which, for years, ruined all its directors.

theatricaladjectiveUS /θiˈætrɪkəl/

of or relating to the theater

From this reading Now to meddle with theatrical matters is one of the eternally perennial ambitions of the lesser bourgeoisie.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Always, therefore, the successive saviours of the Odeon feel themselves magnificently rewarded if they are given ever so small a share in the administration of that enterprise.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There is no one who has not heard of the misfortunes of the Odeon, that fatal theatre which, for years, ruined all its directors.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Always, therefore, the successive saviours of the Odeon feel themselves magnificently rewarded if they are given ever so small a share in the administration of that enterprise.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Always, therefore, the successive saviours of the Odeon feel themselves magnificently rewarded if they are given ever so small a share in the administration of that enterprise.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Between the first and second parts of this history an immense event had taken place in the life of Phellion.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading There is no one who has not heard of the misfortunes of the Odeon, that fatal theatre which, for years, ruined all its directors.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading There is no one who has not heard of the misfortunes of the Odeon, that fatal theatre which, for years, ruined all its directors.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

wrongadjectiveUS /rɔːŋ/

not correct; not in conformity with fact or truth

From this reading Right or wrong, the quarter in which this dramatic impossibility stands is convinced that its prosperity depends upon it; so that more than once the mayor and other authorities of the arrondissement have, with a courage that honors them, taken part in the most desperate efforts to galvanize the corpse.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading There is no one who has not heard of the misfortunes of the Odeon, that fatal theatre which, for years, ruined all its directors.

Chapter 19 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie by Honoré de Balzac holds 126 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie contain?

Chapter 19 holds 126 sentences of The Lesser Bourgeoisie, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 126 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of The Lesser Bourgeoisie?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Common questions about reading The Lesser Bourgeoisie by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Lesser Bourgeoisie?

Yes. All 7414 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1641 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Lesser Bourgeoisie is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1641, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Lesser Bourgeoisie take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1483 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Lesser Bourgeoisie section by section

How to work through The Lesser Bourgeoisie section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 35 chapters of The Lesser Bourgeoisie to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Lesser Bourgeoisie, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Tourniquet
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lesser Bourgeoisie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Saint-jean
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lesser Bourgeoisie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Narrow
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lesser Bourgeoisie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Passage
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lesser Bourgeoisie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.