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The Letters of Robert Burns
The Letters of Robert Burns

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Letters of Robert Burns is here in full — 428 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Letters of Robert Burns
Context Illustration Reading 1/85 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.
I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.
Not one new thing under the sun has happened in Mauchline since you left it.
I hope this will find you as comfortably situated as formerly, or, if heaven pleases, more so; but, at all events, I trust you will let me know of course how matters stand with you, well or ill.
'Tis but poor consolation to tell the world when matters go wrong; but you know very well your connection and mine stands on a different footing.--I am ever, my dear friend, yours, R. B.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Letters of Robert Burns

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Letters of Robert Burns is here in full — 428 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/85 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.
/ɪf hiː hæz left juː ˈeni ˈleɡəsi aɪ beɡ jɔːr ˈpɑːrdən fɔːr ɔːl ðɪs ɪf nɑːt aɪ noʊ juː wɪl swer tuː ˈevəri wɜːrd aɪ sed əˈbaʊt hɪm/
Line 2
I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.
Line 3
Not one new thing under the sun has happened in Mauchline since you left it.
Line 4
I hope this will find you as comfortably situated as formerly, or, if heaven pleases, more so; but, at all events, I trust you will let me know of course how matters stand with you, well or ill.
Line 5
'Tis but poor consolation to tell the world when matters go wrong; but you know very well your connection and mine stands on a different footing.--I am ever, my dear friend, yours, R. B.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bruises noun US /ˈbruːzəz/

plural of “bruise” — an injury that doesn't break the skin but results in some discoloration

From this reading “I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.”

Edinburgh noun US /ˈedənbəroʊ/

the capital of Scotland; located in the Lothian Region on the south side of the Firth of Forth

From this reading “I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.”

footing noun US /ˈfʊtɪŋ/

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading “'Tis but poor consolation to tell the world when matters go wrong; but you know very well your connection and mine stands on a different footing.--I am ever, my dear friend, yours, R. B.”

Jenny noun US /ˈdʒeni/

United States architect who designed the first skyscraper in which a metal skeleton was used (1832-1907)

From this reading “I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.”

legacy noun US /ˈleɡəsi/

(law) a gift of personal property by will

From this reading “If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.”

Loch noun US /lɑːk/

a long narrow inlet of the sea in Scotland (especially when it is nearly landlocked)

From this reading “I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.”

ornaments noun US /ˈɔːrnəmənts/

plural of “ornament” — something used to beautify

From this reading “I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.”

rambling adjective US /ˈræmblɪŋ/

spreading out in different directions or distributed irregularly

From this reading “I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.”

All words in this reading · 139

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading 'Tis but poor consolation to tell the world when matters go wrong; but you know very well your connection and mine stands on a different footing.--I am ever, my dear friend, yours, R. B.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I hope this will find you as comfortably situated as formerly, or, if heaven pleases, more so; but, at all events, I trust you will let me know of course how matters stand with you, well or ill.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

BnounUS /biː/

aerobic rod-shaped spore-producing bacterium; often occurring in chainlike formations; found primarily in soil

From this reading 'Tis but poor consolation to tell the world when matters go wrong; but you know very well your connection and mine stands on a different footing.--I am ever, my dear friend, yours, R. B.

bardship

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

begverbUS /beɡ/

call upon in supplication; entreat

From this reading If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.

bruisesnounUS /ˈbruːzəz/

plural of “bruise” — an injury that doesn't break the skin but results in some discoloration

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I hope this will find you as comfortably situated as formerly, or, if heaven pleases, more so; but, at all events, I trust you will let me know of course how matters stand with you, well or ill.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

comfortablyadverbUS /ˈkʌmfərtəbli/

in mental comfort; without stress

From this reading I hope this will find you as comfortably situated as formerly, or, if heaven pleases, more so; but, at all events, I trust you will let me know of course how matters stand with you, well or ill.

connectionnounUS /kəˈnekʃən/

a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it)

From this reading 'Tis but poor consolation to tell the world when matters go wrong; but you know very well your connection and mine stands on a different footing.--I am ever, my dear friend, yours, R. B.

consolationnounUS /ˌkɑːnsəˈleɪʃən/

the comfort you feel when consoled in times of disappointment

From this reading 'Tis but poor consolation to tell the world when matters go wrong; but you know very well your connection and mine stands on a different footing.--I am ever, my dear friend, yours, R. B.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading I hope this will find you as comfortably situated as formerly, or, if heaven pleases, more so; but, at all events, I trust you will let me know of course how matters stand with you, well or ill.

dareverbUS /der/

take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading 'Tis but poor consolation to tell the world when matters go wrong; but you know very well your connection and mine stands on a different footing.--I am ever, my dear friend, yours, R. B.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading 'Tis but poor consolation to tell the world when matters go wrong; but you know very well your connection and mine stands on a different footing.--I am ever, my dear friend, yours, R. B.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

drunkenadjectiveUS /ˈdrʌŋkən/

given to or marked by the consumption of alcohol

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

Dumbarton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

EdinburghnounUS /ˈedənbəroʊ/

the capital of Scotland; located in the Lothian Region on the south side of the Firth of Forth

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading I hope this will find you as comfortably situated as formerly, or, if heaven pleases, more so; but, at all events, I trust you will let me know of course how matters stand with you, well or ill.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading 'Tis but poor consolation to tell the world when matters go wrong; but you know very well your connection and mine stands on a different footing.--I am ever, my dear friend, yours, R. B.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading I hope this will find you as comfortably situated as formerly, or, if heaven pleases, more so; but, at all events, I trust you will let me know of course how matters stand with you, well or ill.

footingnounUS /ˈfʊtɪŋ/

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading 'Tis but poor consolation to tell the world when matters go wrong; but you know very well your connection and mine stands on a different footing.--I am ever, my dear friend, yours, R. B.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.

formerlyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrmərli/

at a previous time

From this reading I hope this will find you as comfortably situated as formerly, or, if heaven pleases, more so; but, at all events, I trust you will let me know of course how matters stand with you, well or ill.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading 'Tis but poor consolation to tell the world when matters go wrong; but you know very well your connection and mine stands on a different footing.--I am ever, my dear friend, yours, R. B.

Geddes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading 'Tis but poor consolation to tell the world when matters go wrong; but you know very well your connection and mine stands on a different footing.--I am ever, my dear friend, yours, R. B.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading Not one new thing under the sun has happened in Mauchline since you left it.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.

heavennounUS /ˈhevən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading I hope this will find you as comfortably situated as formerly, or, if heaven pleases, more so; but, at all events, I trust you will let me know of course how matters stand with you, well or ill.

Highlandman

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading I hope this will find you as comfortably situated as formerly, or, if heaven pleases, more so; but, at all events, I trust you will let me know of course how matters stand with you, well or ill.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I hope this will find you as comfortably situated as formerly, or, if heaven pleases, more so; but, at all events, I trust you will let me know of course how matters stand with you, well or ill.

hunternounUS /ˈhʌntər/

someone who hunts game

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.

illadjectiveUS /ɪl/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading I hope this will find you as comfortably situated as formerly, or, if heaven pleases, more so; but, at all events, I trust you will let me know of course how matters stand with you, well or ill.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Not one new thing under the sun has happened in Mauchline since you left it.

Inverary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Not one new thing under the sun has happened in Mauchline since you left it.

JennynounUS /ˈdʒeni/

United States architect who designed the first skyscraper in which a metal skeleton was used (1832-1907)

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

latelyadverbUS /ˈleɪtli/

in the recent past

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

leathernounUS /ˈleðər/

an animal skin made smooth and flexible by removing the hair and then tanning

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.

legacynounUS /ˈleɡəsi/

(law) a gift of personal property by will

From this reading If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading I hope this will find you as comfortably situated as formerly, or, if heaven pleases, more so; but, at all events, I trust you will let me know of course how matters stand with you, well or ill.

LochnounUS /lɑːk/

a long narrow inlet of the sea in Scotland (especially when it is nearly landlocked)

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

Lomond

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

mattersnounUS /ˈmætərz/

plural of “matter” — a vaguely specified concern

From this reading I hope this will find you as comfortably situated as formerly, or, if heaven pleases, more so; but, at all events, I trust you will let me know of course how matters stand with you, well or ill.

Mauchline

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Not one new thing under the sun has happened in Mauchline since you left it.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I hope this will find you as comfortably situated as formerly, or, if heaven pleases, more so; but, at all events, I trust you will let me know of course how matters stand with you, well or ill.

minepronounUS /maɪn/

the one or ones belonging to the person speaking

From this reading 'Tis but poor consolation to tell the world when matters go wrong; but you know very well your connection and mine stands on a different footing.--I am ever, my dear friend, yours, R. B.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading I hope this will find you as comfortably situated as formerly, or, if heaven pleases, more so; but, at all events, I trust you will let me know of course how matters stand with you, well or ill.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Not one new thing under the sun has happened in Mauchline since you left it.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Not one new thing under the sun has happened in Mauchline since you left it.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

ornamentsnounUS /ˈɔːrnəmənts/

plural of “ornament” — something used to beautify

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

pardonverbUS /ˈpɑːrdən/

accept an excuse for

From this reading If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.

pleasesverbUS /ˈpliːzɪz/

third-person singular of “please” — give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading I hope this will find you as comfortably situated as formerly, or, if heaven pleases, more so; but, at all events, I trust you will let me know of course how matters stand with you, well or ill.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading 'Tis but poor consolation to tell the world when matters go wrong; but you know very well your connection and mine stands on a different footing.--I am ever, my dear friend, yours, R. B.

RnounUS /ɑːr/

a unit of radiation exposure; the dose of ionizing radiation that will produce 1 electrostatic unit of electricity in 1 cc of dry air

From this reading 'Tis but poor consolation to tell the world when matters go wrong; but you know very well your connection and mine stands on a different footing.--I am ever, my dear friend, yours, R. B.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

ramblingadjectiveUS /ˈræmblɪŋ/

spreading out in different directions or distributed irregularly

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

runningadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Not one new thing under the sun has happened in Mauchline since you left it.

situatedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading I hope this will find you as comfortably situated as formerly, or, if heaven pleases, more so; but, at all events, I trust you will let me know of course how matters stand with you, well or ill.

skinfulnoun

a quantity of alcoholic drink sufficient to make you drunk

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

spavin'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading I hope this will find you as comfortably situated as formerly, or, if heaven pleases, more so; but, at all events, I trust you will let me know of course how matters stand with you, well or ill.

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading 'Tis but poor consolation to tell the world when matters go wrong; but you know very well your connection and mine stands on a different footing.--I am ever, my dear friend, yours, R. B.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading Not one new thing under the sun has happened in Mauchline since you left it.

swearverbUS /swer/

utter obscenities or profanities

From this reading If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading 'Tis but poor consolation to tell the world when matters go wrong; but you know very well your connection and mine stands on a different footing.--I am ever, my dear friend, yours, R. B.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading Not one new thing under the sun has happened in Mauchline since you left it.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.

TisnounUS /tɪz/

plural of “ti” — a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite

From this reading 'Tis but poor consolation to tell the world when matters go wrong; but you know very well your connection and mine stands on a different footing.--I am ever, my dear friend, yours, R. B.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.

trustnounUS /trʌst/

something (as property) held by one party (the trustee) for the benefit of another (the beneficiary)

From this reading I hope this will find you as comfortably situated as formerly, or, if heaven pleases, more so; but, at all events, I trust you will let me know of course how matters stand with you, well or ill.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Not one new thing under the sun has happened in Mauchline since you left it.

venturenounUS /ˈventʃər/

any venturesome undertaking especially one with an uncertain outcome

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading 'Tis but poor consolation to tell the world when matters go wrong; but you know very well your connection and mine stands on a different footing.--I am ever, my dear friend, yours, R. B.

weeksnounUS /wiːks/

plural of “week” — any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading I hope this will find you as comfortably situated as formerly, or, if heaven pleases, more so; but, at all events, I trust you will let me know of course how matters stand with you, well or ill.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading 'Tis but poor consolation to tell the world when matters go wrong; but you know very well your connection and mine stands on a different footing.--I am ever, my dear friend, yours, R. B.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading 'Tis but poor consolation to tell the world when matters go wrong; but you know very well your connection and mine stands on a different footing.--I am ever, my dear friend, yours, R. B.

woundsnounUS /wuːndz/

plural of “wound” — an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the skin)

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

wrongadjectiveUS /rɔːŋ/

not correct; not in conformity with fact or truth

From this reading 'Tis but poor consolation to tell the world when matters go wrong; but you know very well your connection and mine stands on a different footing.--I am ever, my dear friend, yours, R. B.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading If he has left you any legacy, I beg your pardon for all this; if not, I know you will swear to every word I said about him.

yourspronounUS /jʊrz/

the one or ones belonging to the person spoken to

From this reading 'Tis but poor consolation to tell the world when matters go wrong; but you know very well your connection and mine stands on a different footing.--I am ever, my dear friend, yours, R. B.

zig-zagged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have lately been rambling over by Dumbarton and Inverary, and running a drunken race on the side of Loch Lomond with a wild Highlandman; his horse, which had never known the ornaments of iron or leather, zig-zagged across before my old spavin'd hunter, whose name is Jenny Geddes, and down came the Highlandman, horse and all, and down came Jenny and my bardship; so I have got such a skinful of bruises and wounds, that I shall be at least four weeks before I dare venture on my journey to Edinburgh.

Chapter 4 of The Letters of Robert Burns by Robert Burns holds 428 sentences, grouped into 86 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Letters of Robert Burns contain?

Chapter 4 holds 428 sentences of The Letters of Robert Burns, unabridged, divided into 86 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Letters of Robert Burns by Robert Burns exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 428 sentences, grouped into 86 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Letters of Robert Burns?

Work through the 86 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 86 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Letters of Robert Burns

Common questions about reading The Letters of Robert Burns by Robert Burns on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Letters of Robert Burns?

Yes. All 5199 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9863 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Letters of Robert Burns is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #9863, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Letters of Robert Burns take to read?

About 433 minutes of reading across 1040 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Letters of Robert Burns section by section

How to work through The Letters of Robert Burns section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 13 chapters of The Letters of Robert Burns to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Letters of Robert Burns

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Letters of Robert Burns, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Burns's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Letters of Robert Burns; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Letters of Robert Burns; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Logie
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Letters of Robert Burns; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Robertson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Letters of Robert Burns; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.