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The Letters of Robert Burns
The Letters of Robert Burns

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Letters of Robert Burns is here in full — 421 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Letters of Robert Burns
Context Illustration Reading 1/84 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.
I will send you the "Fortunate Shepherdess" as soon as I return to Ayrshire, for there I keep it with other precious treasure.
I shall send it by a careful hand, as I would not for anything it should be mislaid or lost.
I do not wish to serve you from any benevolence, or other grave Christian virtue; 'tis purely a selfish gratification of my own feelings whenever I think of you.
If your better functions would give you leisure to write me, I should be extremely happy; that is to say, if you neither keep nor look for a regular correspondence.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Letters of Robert Burns

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Letters of Robert Burns is here in full — 421 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.
Line 2
I will send you the "Fortunate Shepherdess" as soon as I return to Ayrshire, for there I keep it with other precious treasure.
Line 3
I shall send it by a careful hand, as I would not for anything it should be mislaid or lost.
/aɪ ʃæl send ɪt baɪ ə ˈkerfəl hænd æz aɪ wʊd nɑːt fɔːr ˈeniθɪŋ ɪt ʃʊd biː mɪˈsleɪd ɔːr lɔːst/
Line 4
I do not wish to serve you from any benevolence, or other grave Christian virtue; 'tis purely a selfish gratification of my own feelings whenever I think of you.
/aɪ duː nɑːt wɪʃ tuː sɜːrv juː frʌm ˈeni bəˈnev.əl.əns ɔːr ˈʌðər ɡreɪv ˈkrɪstʃən ˈvɝː.tʃuː tɪz ˈpjʊrli ə ˈselfɪʃ ˌɡrætəfəˈkeɪʃən ʌv maɪ oʊn ˈfiːlɪŋz weˈnevər aɪ θɪŋk ʌv juː/
Line 5
If your better functions would give you leisure to write me, I should be extremely happy; that is to say, if you neither keep nor look for a regular correspondence.
/ɪf jɔːr ˈbetər ˈfʌŋkʃənz wʊd ɡɪv juː ˈleʒər tuː raɪt miː aɪ ʃʊd biː ekˈstriːmli ˈhæpi ðæt ɪz tuː seɪ ɪf juː ˈniːðər kiːp nɔːr lʊk fɔːr ə ˈreɡjələr ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndəns/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Ayrshire noun US /ˈeɪərʃaɪər/

hardy breed of dairy cattle from Ayr, Scotland

From this reading “I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.”

benevolence noun US /bəˈnev.əl.əns/

The quality of being well meaning; kindness and generosity. (Lòng nhân ái, sự nhân từ độ lượng.)

From this reading “I do not wish to serve you from any benevolence, or other grave Christian virtue; 'tis purely a selfish gratification of my own feelings whenever I think of you.”

functions noun US /ˈfʌŋkʃənz/

plural of “function” — (mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function)

From this reading “If your better functions would give you leisure to write me, I should be extremely happy; that is to say, if you neither keep nor look for a regular correspondence.”

horny adjective US /ˈhɔːrni/

feeling great sexual desire

From this reading “I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.”

lucid adjective US /ˈluːsəd/

(of language) transparently clear; easily understandable

From this reading “I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.”

lyre noun US /laɪr/

a harp used by ancient Greeks for accompaniment

From this reading “I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.”

mislaid adjective US /mɪˈsleɪd/

lost temporarily; as especially put in an unaccustomed or forgotten place

From this reading “I shall send it by a careful hand, as I would not for anything it should be mislaid or lost.”

spokes noun US /spoʊks/

plural of “spoke” — support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading “I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.”

All words in this reading · 99

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I shall send it by a careful hand, as I would not for anything it should be mislaid or lost.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading I do not wish to serve you from any benevolence, or other grave Christian virtue; 'tis purely a selfish gratification of my own feelings whenever I think of you.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading I shall send it by a careful hand, as I would not for anything it should be mislaid or lost.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

AyrshirenounUS /ˈeɪərʃaɪər/

hardy breed of dairy cattle from Ayr, Scotland

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I shall send it by a careful hand, as I would not for anything it should be mislaid or lost.

becobwebbed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

benevolencenounUS /bəˈnev.əl.əns/

The quality of being well meaning; kindness and generosity. (Lòng nhân ái, sự nhân từ độ lượng.)

From this reading I do not wish to serve you from any benevolence, or other grave Christian virtue; 'tis purely a selfish gratification of my own feelings whenever I think of you.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading If your better functions would give you leisure to write me, I should be extremely happy; that is to say, if you neither keep nor look for a regular correspondence.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I shall send it by a careful hand, as I would not for anything it should be mislaid or lost.

carefuladjectiveUS /ˈkerfəl/

exercising caution or showing care or attention

From this reading I shall send it by a careful hand, as I would not for anything it should be mislaid or lost.

ChristianadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪstʃən/

relating to or characteristic of Christianity

From this reading I do not wish to serve you from any benevolence, or other grave Christian virtue; 'tis purely a selfish gratification of my own feelings whenever I think of you.

correspondencenounUS /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndəns/

communication by the exchange of letters

From this reading If your better functions would give you leisure to write me, I should be extremely happy; that is to say, if you neither keep nor look for a regular correspondence.

darlingnounUS /ˈdɑːrlɪŋ/

a special loved one

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading I do not wish to serve you from any benevolence, or other grave Christian virtue; 'tis purely a selfish gratification of my own feelings whenever I think of you.

extremelyadverbUS /ekˈstriːmli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading If your better functions would give you leisure to write me, I should be extremely happy; that is to say, if you neither keep nor look for a regular correspondence.

feelingsnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋz/

emotional or moral sensitivity (especially in relation to personal principles or dignity)

From this reading I do not wish to serve you from any benevolence, or other grave Christian virtue; 'tis purely a selfish gratification of my own feelings whenever I think of you.

fistnounUS /fɪst/

a hand with the fingers clenched in the palm (as for hitting)

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I will send you the "Fortunate Shepherdess" as soon as I return to Ayrshire, for there I keep it with other precious treasure.

FortunateadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrtʃənət/

having unexpected good fortune

From this reading I will send you the "Fortunate Shepherdess" as soon as I return to Ayrshire, for there I keep it with other precious treasure.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading I do not wish to serve you from any benevolence, or other grave Christian virtue; 'tis purely a selfish gratification of my own feelings whenever I think of you.

functionsnounUS /ˈfʌŋkʃənz/

plural of “function” — (mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function)

From this reading If your better functions would give you leisure to write me, I should be extremely happy; that is to say, if you neither keep nor look for a regular correspondence.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading If your better functions would give you leisure to write me, I should be extremely happy; that is to say, if you neither keep nor look for a regular correspondence.

gratificationnounUS /ˌɡrætəfəˈkeɪʃən/

state of being gratified or satisfied

From this reading I do not wish to serve you from any benevolence, or other grave Christian virtue; 'tis purely a selfish gratification of my own feelings whenever I think of you.

gravenounUS /ɡreɪv/

death of a person

From this reading I do not wish to serve you from any benevolence, or other grave Christian virtue; 'tis purely a selfish gratification of my own feelings whenever I think of you.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading If your better functions would give you leisure to write me, I should be extremely happy; that is to say, if you neither keep nor look for a regular correspondence.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

hornyadjectiveUS /ˈhɔːrni/

feeling great sexual desire

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If your better functions would give you leisure to write me, I should be extremely happy; that is to say, if you neither keep nor look for a regular correspondence.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

intervalsnounUS /ˈɪntərvəlz/

plural of “interval” — a definite length of time marked off by two instants

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If your better functions would give you leisure to write me, I should be extremely happy; that is to say, if you neither keep nor look for a regular correspondence.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I will send you the "Fortunate Shepherdess" as soon as I return to Ayrshire, for there I keep it with other precious treasure.

JeannounUS /dʒiːn/

a coarse durable twill-weave cotton fabric

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading I will send you the "Fortunate Shepherdess" as soon as I return to Ayrshire, for there I keep it with other precious treasure.

leisurenounUS /ˈleʒər/

time available for ease and relaxation

From this reading If your better functions would give you leisure to write me, I should be extremely happy; that is to say, if you neither keep nor look for a regular correspondence.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading If your better functions would give you leisure to write me, I should be extremely happy; that is to say, if you neither keep nor look for a regular correspondence.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading I shall send it by a careful hand, as I would not for anything it should be mislaid or lost.

lucidadjectiveUS /ˈluːsəd/

(of language) transparently clear; easily understandable

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

lyrenounUS /laɪr/

a harp used by ancient Greeks for accompaniment

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading If your better functions would give you leisure to write me, I should be extremely happy; that is to say, if you neither keep nor look for a regular correspondence.

mislaidadjectiveUS /mɪˈsleɪd/

lost temporarily; as especially put in an unaccustomed or forgotten place

From this reading I shall send it by a careful hand, as I would not for anything it should be mislaid or lost.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading If your better functions would give you leisure to write me, I should be extremely happy; that is to say, if you neither keep nor look for a regular correspondence.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading If your better functions would give you leisure to write me, I should be extremely happy; that is to say, if you neither keep nor look for a regular correspondence.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I shall send it by a careful hand, as I would not for anything it should be mislaid or lost.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading I shall send it by a careful hand, as I would not for anything it should be mislaid or lost.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading I will send you the "Fortunate Shepherdess" as soon as I return to Ayrshire, for there I keep it with other precious treasure.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading I do not wish to serve you from any benevolence, or other grave Christian virtue; 'tis purely a selfish gratification of my own feelings whenever I think of you.

preciousadjectiveUS /ˈpreʃəs/

characterized by feeling or showing fond affection for

From this reading I will send you the "Fortunate Shepherdess" as soon as I return to Ayrshire, for there I keep it with other precious treasure.

purelyadverbUS /ˈpjʊrli/

restricted to something

From this reading I do not wish to serve you from any benevolence, or other grave Christian virtue; 'tis purely a selfish gratification of my own feelings whenever I think of you.

regularadjectiveUS /ˈreɡjələr/

in accordance with fixed order or procedure or principle

From this reading If your better functions would give you leisure to write me, I should be extremely happy; that is to say, if you neither keep nor look for a regular correspondence.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading I will send you the "Fortunate Shepherdess" as soon as I return to Ayrshire, for there I keep it with other precious treasure.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading If your better functions would give you leisure to write me, I should be extremely happy; that is to say, if you neither keep nor look for a regular correspondence.

selfishadjectiveUS /ˈselfɪʃ/

concerned chiefly or only with yourself and your advantage to the exclusion of others

From this reading I do not wish to serve you from any benevolence, or other grave Christian virtue; 'tis purely a selfish gratification of my own feelings whenever I think of you.

sendverbUS /send/

cause to go somewhere

From this reading I will send you the "Fortunate Shepherdess" as soon as I return to Ayrshire, for there I keep it with other precious treasure.

serveverbUS /sɜːrv/

serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading I do not wish to serve you from any benevolence, or other grave Christian virtue; 'tis purely a selfish gratification of my own feelings whenever I think of you.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading I shall send it by a careful hand, as I would not for anything it should be mislaid or lost.

Shepherdessnoun

a woman shepherd

From this reading I will send you the "Fortunate Shepherdess" as soon as I return to Ayrshire, for there I keep it with other precious treasure.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading I shall send it by a careful hand, as I would not for anything it should be mislaid or lost.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading I will send you the "Fortunate Shepherdess" as soon as I return to Ayrshire, for there I keep it with other precious treasure.

spinning-wheel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

spokesnounUS /spoʊks/

plural of “spoke” — support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading If your better functions would give you leisure to write me, I should be extremely happy; that is to say, if you neither keep nor look for a regular correspondence.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading I will send you the "Fortunate Shepherdess" as soon as I return to Ayrshire, for there I keep it with other precious treasure.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading I do not wish to serve you from any benevolence, or other grave Christian virtue; 'tis purely a selfish gratification of my own feelings whenever I think of you.

throwverbUS /θroʊ/

propel through the air

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

throwsnounUS /θroʊz/

plural of “throw” — the act of throwing (propelling something with a rapid movement of the arm and wrist)

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

tisnounUS /tɪz/

plural of “ti” — a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite

From this reading I do not wish to serve you from any benevolence, or other grave Christian virtue; 'tis purely a selfish gratification of my own feelings whenever I think of you.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I will send you the "Fortunate Shepherdess" as soon as I return to Ayrshire, for there I keep it with other precious treasure.

treasurenounUS /ˈtreʒər/

accumulated wealth in the form of money or jewels etc.

From this reading I will send you the "Fortunate Shepherdess" as soon as I return to Ayrshire, for there I keep it with other precious treasure.

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading I do not wish to serve you from any benevolence, or other grave Christian virtue; 'tis purely a selfish gratification of my own feelings whenever I think of you.

wheneverconjunctionUS /weˈnevər/

at any time that; every time that

From this reading I do not wish to serve you from any benevolence, or other grave Christian virtue; 'tis purely a selfish gratification of my own feelings whenever I think of you.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading I will send you the "Fortunate Shepherdess" as soon as I return to Ayrshire, for there I keep it with other precious treasure.

wishverbUS /wɪʃ/

hope for; have a wish

From this reading I do not wish to serve you from any benevolence, or other grave Christian virtue; 'tis purely a selfish gratification of my own feelings whenever I think of you.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I am generally about half my time in Ayrshire with my "darling Jean," and then I, at lucid intervals, throw my horny fist across my becobwebbed lyre, much in the same manner as an old wife throws her hand across the spokes of her spinning-wheel.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading I shall send it by a careful hand, as I would not for anything it should be mislaid or lost.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading If your better functions would give you leisure to write me, I should be extremely happy; that is to say, if you neither keep nor look for a regular correspondence.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I will send you the "Fortunate Shepherdess" as soon as I return to Ayrshire, for there I keep it with other precious treasure.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading If your better functions would give you leisure to write me, I should be extremely happy; that is to say, if you neither keep nor look for a regular correspondence.

Chapter 8 of The Letters of Robert Burns by Robert Burns holds 421 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Letters of Robert Burns contain?

Chapter 8 holds 421 sentences of The Letters of Robert Burns, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Letters of Robert Burns by Robert Burns exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 421 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Letters of Robert Burns?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Letters of Robert Burns

Common questions about reading The Letters of Robert Burns by Robert Burns on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Letters of Robert Burns?

Yes. All 5199 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9863 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Letters of Robert Burns is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #9863, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Letters of Robert Burns take to read?

About 433 minutes of reading across 1040 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Letters of Robert Burns section by section

How to work through The Letters of Robert Burns section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 13 chapters of The Letters of Robert Burns to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Letters of Robert Burns

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Letters of Robert Burns, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Burns's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Letters of Robert Burns; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Letters of Robert Burns; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Logie
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Letters of Robert Burns; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Robertson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Letters of Robert Burns; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.