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The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson
The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson is here in full — 166 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
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In the first place, I have had the extreme satisfaction to be shown that photograph of your mother.
It bears evident traces of the hand of an amateur.
How is it that amateurs invariably take better photographs than professionals?
I must qualify invariably.
My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson is here in full — 166 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In the first place, I have had the extreme satisfaction to be shown that photograph of your mother.
/ɪn ðə fɜːrst pleɪs aɪ hæv hæd ðə ekˈstriːm ˌsætəˈsfækʃən tuː biː ʃoʊn ðæt ˈfoʊtəɡræf ʌv jɔːr ˈmʌðər/
Line 2
It bears evident traces of the hand of an amateur.
/ɪt berz ˈevədənt ˈtreɪsəz ʌv ðə hænd ʌv æn ˈæmətɜːr/
Line 3
How is it that amateurs invariably take better photographs than professionals?
Line 4
I must qualify invariably.
/aɪ mʌst ˈkwɑːləfaɪ ˌɪnˈveriəbli/
Line 5
My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.
/maɪ oʊn ˈneɡətɪvz hæv ˈɔːlweɪz ˌreprɪˈzentɪd ə ˈprɑːvəns ʌv ˈkeɪɑːs ənd oʊld naɪt ɪn wɪtʃ juː maɪt ˈdɪmli pərˈsiːv ˈfliːsi spɑːts ʌv ˈtwaɪlaɪt ˌreprɪˈzentɪŋ ˈnʌθɪŋ soʊ ðæt ɪf aɪ æm raɪt ɪn səˈpoʊzɪŋ ðə ˈpɔːrtrət ʌv jɔːr ˈmʌðər tuː biː jʊrz aɪ mʌst səˈluːt juː æz maɪ suːˈpɪriər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

amateur noun US /ˈæmətɜːr/

someone who pursues a study or sport as a pastime

From this reading “It bears evident traces of the hand of an amateur.”

amateurs noun US /ˈæmətɜːrz/

plural of “amateur” — someone who pursues a study or sport as a pastime

From this reading “How is it that amateurs invariably take better photographs than professionals?”

chaos noun US /ˈkeɪɑːs/

a state of extreme confusion and disorder

From this reading “My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.”

fleecy adjective US /ˈfliːsi/

(of fabrics) having soft nap produced by brushing

From this reading “My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.”

negatives noun US /ˈneɡətɪvz/

plural of “negative” — a reply of denial

From this reading “My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.”

photographs noun US /ˈfoʊtəɡræfs/

plural of “photograph” — a representation of a person or scene in the form of a print or transparent slide or in digital format

From this reading “How is it that amateurs invariably take better photographs than professionals?”

professionals noun US /prəˈfeʃənəlz/

plural of “professional” — a person engaged in one of the learned professions

From this reading “How is it that amateurs invariably take better photographs than professionals?”

qualify verb US /ˈkwɑːləfaɪ/

prove capable or fit; meet requirements

From this reading “I must qualify invariably.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

amateurnounUS /ˈæmətɜːr/

someone who pursues a study or sport as a pastime

From this reading It bears evident traces of the hand of an amateur.

amateursnounUS /ˈæmətɜːrz/

plural of “amateur” — someone who pursues a study or sport as a pastime

From this reading How is it that amateurs invariably take better photographs than professionals?

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It bears evident traces of the hand of an amateur.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In the first place, I have had the extreme satisfaction to be shown that photograph of your mother.

bearsnounUS /berz/

plural of “bear” — massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws

From this reading It bears evident traces of the hand of an amateur.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading How is it that amateurs invariably take better photographs than professionals?

chaosnounUS /ˈkeɪɑːs/

a state of extreme confusion and disorder

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

dimlyadverbUS /ˈdɪmli/

in a dim indistinct manner

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

evidentadjectiveUS /ˈevədənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading It bears evident traces of the hand of an amateur.

extremeadjectiveUS /ekˈstriːm/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading In the first place, I have had the extreme satisfaction to be shown that photograph of your mother.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading In the first place, I have had the extreme satisfaction to be shown that photograph of your mother.

fleecyadjectiveUS /ˈfliːsi/

(of fabrics) having soft nap produced by brushing

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In the first place, I have had the extreme satisfaction to be shown that photograph of your mother.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading It bears evident traces of the hand of an amateur.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In the first place, I have had the extreme satisfaction to be shown that photograph of your mother.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How is it that amateurs invariably take better photographs than professionals?

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading In the first place, I have had the extreme satisfaction to be shown that photograph of your mother.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the first place, I have had the extreme satisfaction to be shown that photograph of your mother.

invariablyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈveriəbli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading How is it that amateurs invariably take better photographs than professionals?

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading How is it that amateurs invariably take better photographs than professionals?

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It bears evident traces of the hand of an amateur.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading In the first place, I have had the extreme satisfaction to be shown that photograph of your mother.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading I must qualify invariably.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

negativesnounUS /ˈneɡətɪvz/

plural of “negative” — a reply of denial

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the first place, I have had the extreme satisfaction to be shown that photograph of your mother.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

perceiveverbUS /pərˈsiːv/

to become aware of through the senses

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

photographverbUS /ˈfoʊtəɡræf/

record on photographic film

From this reading In the first place, I have had the extreme satisfaction to be shown that photograph of your mother.

photographsnounUS /ˈfoʊtəɡræfs/

plural of “photograph” — a representation of a person or scene in the form of a print or transparent slide or in digital format

From this reading How is it that amateurs invariably take better photographs than professionals?

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading In the first place, I have had the extreme satisfaction to be shown that photograph of your mother.

portraitnounUS /ˈpɔːrtrət/

a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

professionalsnounUS /prəˈfeʃənəlz/

plural of “professional” — a person engaged in one of the learned professions

From this reading How is it that amateurs invariably take better photographs than professionals?

provincenounUS /ˈprɑːvəns/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

qualifyverbUS /ˈkwɑːləfaɪ/

prove capable or fit; meet requirements

From this reading I must qualify invariably.

representedadjectiveUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪd/

represented accurately or precisely

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

representingverbUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪŋ/

-ing form of “represent” — take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

saluteverbUS /səˈluːt/

propose a toast to

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

satisfactionnounUS /ˌsætəˈsfækʃən/

the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation

From this reading In the first place, I have had the extreme satisfaction to be shown that photograph of your mother.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading In the first place, I have had the extreme satisfaction to be shown that photograph of your mother.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

spotsnounUS /spɑːts/

spots before the eyes caused by opaque cell fragments in the vitreous humor and lens

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

superioradjectiveUS /suːˈpɪriər/

of high or superior quality or performance

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

supposingverbUS /səˈpoʊzɪŋ/

-ing form of “suppose” — express a supposition

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading How is it that amateurs invariably take better photographs than professionals?

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading How is it that amateurs invariably take better photographs than professionals?

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In the first place, I have had the extreme satisfaction to be shown that photograph of your mother.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the first place, I have had the extreme satisfaction to be shown that photograph of your mother.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the first place, I have had the extreme satisfaction to be shown that photograph of your mother.

tracesnounUS /ˈtreɪsəz/

plural of “trace” — a just detectable amount

From this reading It bears evident traces of the hand of an amateur.

twilightnounUS /ˈtwaɪlaɪt/

the time of day immediately following sunset

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading In the first place, I have had the extreme satisfaction to be shown that photograph of your mother.

yourspronounUS /jʊrz/

the one or ones belonging to the person spoken to

From this reading My own negatives have always represented a province of chaos and old night in which you might dimly perceive fleecy spots of twilight, representing nothing; so that, if I am right in supposing the portrait of your mother to be yours, I must salute you as my superior.

Chapter 31 of The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson by Robert Louis Stevenson holds 166 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson contain?

Chapter 31 holds 166 sentences of The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson by Robert Louis Stevenson exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 166 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson

Common questions about reading The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson by Robert Louis Stevenson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson?

Yes. All 5116 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #637 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #637, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson take to read?

About 426 minutes of reading across 1024 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Seventh
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edition
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Published
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.