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The Letters of William James, Vol. 1
The Letters of William James, Vol. 1

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1 is here in full — 346 sentences across 70 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/69 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.
Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.
For in the case of a man like James the biographical question to be answered is not, as with a man of affairs: How can his actions be explained? but rather: What manner of being was he?
What were his background and education? and, above all, What were his temperament and the bias of his mind?
What native instincts, preferences, and limitations of view did he bring with him to his business of reading the riddle of the Universe?
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Letters of William James, Vol. 1

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1 is here in full — 346 sentences across 70 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/69 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.
Line 2
Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.
/ˈmeni ʌv hɪz ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndənts prəˈzɜːrvd hɪz ˈletərz ənd ɪɡˌzæməˈneɪʃən ʌv ðem suːn ʃoʊd ðæt ɪt wʊd biː ˈpɑːsəbəl tuː meɪk ə səˈlekʃən wɪtʃ ʃʊd nɑːt ˈoʊnli kənˈteɪn ˈsɜːrtən ˈletərz ðæt ˈklɪrli dɪˈzɜːrvd tuː biː ˈpʌblɪʃt bɪˈkɔːz ʌv ðer ˈriːdəbəl ˈkwɑːləti əˈloʊn bʌt ʃʊd ˈɔːlsoʊ ˌɪnˈkluːd ˈletərz ðæt wɜːr ˌbaɪəˈɡræfɪkəl ɪn ðə best sens/
Line 3
For in the case of a man like James the biographical question to be answered is not, as with a man of affairs: How can his actions be explained? but rather: What manner of being was he?
Line 4
What were his background and education? and, above all, What were his temperament and the bias of his mind?
/wʌt wɜːr hɪz ˈbækɡraʊnd ənd ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən ənd əˈbʌv ɔːl wʌt wɜːr hɪz ˈtemprəmənt ənd ðə ˈbaɪəs ʌv hɪz maɪnd/
Line 5
What native instincts, preferences, and limitations of view did he bring with him to his business of reading the riddle of the Universe?
/wʌt ˈneɪtɪv ˈɪnstɪŋkts ˈprefərənsɪz ənd ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz ʌv vjuː dɪd hiː brɪŋ wɪð hɪm tuː hɪz ˈbɪznəs ʌv ˈriːdɪŋ ðə ˈrɪdəl ʌv ðə ˈjuːnəvɜːrs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bias noun US /ˈbaɪəs/

a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation

From this reading “What were his background and education? and, above all, What were his temperament and the bias of his mind?”

biographical adjective US /ˌbaɪəˈɡræfɪkəl/

of or relating to or being biography

From this reading “Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.”

compressing noun US /kəmˈpresɪŋ/

applying pressure

From this reading “_To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.”

copious adjective US /ˈkoʊpiəs/

large in number or quantity (especially of discourse)

From this reading “_To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.”

correspondents noun US /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndənts/

plural of “correspondent” — someone who communicates by means of letters

From this reading “Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.”

expand verb US /ɪkˈspænd/

extend in one or more directions

From this reading “_To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.”

preferences noun US /ˈprefərənsɪz/

plural of “preference” — a strong liking

From this reading “What native instincts, preferences, and limitations of view did he bring with him to his business of reading the riddle of the Universe?”

readable adjective US /ˈriːdəbəl/

easily deciphered

From this reading “Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

most arduous adverb + adjective

In this reading “_To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.”

expand into verb + particle

In this reading “_To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading What were his background and education? and, above all, What were his temperament and the bias of his mind?

actionsnounUS /ˈækʃənz/

plural of “action” — something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading For in the case of a man like James the biographical question to be answered is not, as with a man of affairs: How can his actions be explained? but rather: What manner of being was he?

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading For in the case of a man like James the biographical question to be answered is not, as with a man of affairs: How can his actions be explained? but rather: What manner of being was he?

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading What were his background and education? and, above all, What were his temperament and the bias of his mind?

allowingverbUS /əˈlaʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

allynounUS /ˈælaɪ/

a friendly nation

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

animatedadjectiveUS /ˈænəmeɪtɪd/

having life or vigor or spirit

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

answeredverbUS /ˈænsərd/

past form of “answer” — react verbally

From this reading For in the case of a man like James the biographical question to be answered is not, as with a man of affairs: How can his actions be explained? but rather: What manner of being was he?

arduousadjectiveUS /ˈɑːrdʒuːəs/

characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading For in the case of a man like James the biographical question to be answered is not, as with a man of affairs: How can his actions be explained? but rather: What manner of being was he?

backgroundnounUS /ˈbækɡraʊnd/

a person's social heritage: previous experience or training

From this reading What were his background and education? and, above all, What were his temperament and the bias of his mind?

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading For in the case of a man like James the biographical question to be answered is not, as with a man of affairs: How can his actions be explained? but rather: What manner of being was he?

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

biasnounUS /ˈbaɪəs/

a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation

From this reading What were his background and education? and, above all, What were his temperament and the bias of his mind?

biographicaladjectiveUS /ˌbaɪəˈɡræfɪkəl/

of or relating to or being biography

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

briefadjectiveUS /briːf/

of short duration or distance

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading What native instincts, preferences, and limitations of view did he bring with him to his business of reading the riddle of the Universe?

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading What native instincts, preferences, and limitations of view did he bring with him to his business of reading the riddle of the Universe?

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading For in the case of a man like James the biographical question to be answered is not, as with a man of affairs: How can his actions be explained? but rather: What manner of being was he?

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading For in the case of a man like James the biographical question to be answered is not, as with a man of affairs: How can his actions be explained? but rather: What manner of being was he?

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

characteristicnounUS /ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪk/

a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

clearlyadverbUS /ˈklɪrli/

without doubt or question

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

collectionnounUS /kəˈlekʃən/

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

compressingnounUS /kəmˈpresɪŋ/

applying pressure

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

containverbUS /kənˈteɪn/

include or contain; have as a component

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

copiousadjectiveUS /ˈkoʊpiəs/

large in number or quantity (especially of discourse)

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

correspondencenounUS /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndəns/

communication by the exchange of letters

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

correspondentsnounUS /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndənts/

plural of “correspondent” — someone who communicates by means of letters

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

dedicatedadjectiveUS /ˈdedəkeɪtəd/

devoted to a cause or ideal or purpose

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

deservedadjectiveUS /dɪˈzɜːrvd/

properly deserved

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

devotedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

zealous in devotion or affection

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading What native instincts, preferences, and limitations of view did he bring with him to his business of reading the riddle of the Universe?

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading What were his background and education? and, above all, What were his temperament and the bias of his mind?

examinationnounUS /ɪɡˌzæməˈneɪʃən/

the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes)

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

expandverbUS /ɪkˈspænd/

extend in one or more directions

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

explainedverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪnd/

past form of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible

From this reading For in the case of a man like James the biographical question to be answered is not, as with a man of affairs: How can his actions be explained? but rather: What manner of being was he?

Father'snounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For in the case of a man like James the biographical question to be answered is not, as with a man of affairs: How can his actions be explained? but rather: What manner of being was he?

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

gallantadjectiveUS /ˈɡælənt/

unflinching in battle or action

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading What native instincts, preferences, and limitations of view did he bring with him to his business of reading the riddle of the Universe?

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For in the case of a man like James the biographical question to be answered is not, as with a man of affairs: How can his actions be explained? but rather: What manner of being was he?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

includeverbUS /ˌɪnˈkluːd/

have as a part, be made up out of

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

instinctsnounUS /ˈɪnstɪŋkts/

plural of “instinct” — inborn pattern of behavior often responsive to specific stimuli

From this reading What native instincts, preferences, and limitations of view did he bring with him to his business of reading the riddle of the Universe?

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading For in the case of a man like James the biographical question to be answered is not, as with a man of affairs: How can his actions be explained? but rather: What manner of being was he?

limitationsnounUS /ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “limitation” — a principle that limits the extent of something

From this reading What native instincts, preferences, and limitations of view did he bring with him to his business of reading the riddle of the Universe?

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading For in the case of a man like James the biographical question to be answered is not, as with a man of affairs: How can his actions be explained? but rather: What manner of being was he?

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading For in the case of a man like James the biographical question to be answered is not, as with a man of affairs: How can his actions be explained? but rather: What manner of being was he?

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

messagesnounUS /ˈmesədʒəz/

plural of “message” — a communication (usually brief) that is written or spoken or signaled

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading What were his background and education? and, above all, What were his temperament and the bias of his mind?

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

MothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading What native instincts, preferences, and limitations of view did he bring with him to his business of reading the riddle of the Universe?

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

pagenounUS /peɪdʒ/

one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

preferencesnounUS /ˈprefərənsɪz/

plural of “preference” — a strong liking

From this reading What native instincts, preferences, and limitations of view did he bring with him to his business of reading the riddle of the Universe?

preservedadjectiveUS /prəˈzɜːrvd/

prevented from decaying or spoiling and prepared for future use

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

qualitynounUS /ˈkwɑːləti/

an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading For in the case of a man like James the biographical question to be answered is not, as with a man of affairs: How can his actions be explained? but rather: What manner of being was he?

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading For in the case of a man like James the biographical question to be answered is not, as with a man of affairs: How can his actions be explained? but rather: What manner of being was he?

readableadjectiveUS /ˈriːdəbəl/

easily deciphered

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading What native instincts, preferences, and limitations of view did he bring with him to his business of reading the riddle of the Universe?

riddleverbUS /ˈrɪdəl/

pierce with many holes

From this reading What native instincts, preferences, and limitations of view did he bring with him to his business of reading the riddle of the Universe?

selectionnounUS /səˈlekʃən/

the act of choosing or selecting

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

temperamentnounUS /ˈtemprəmənt/

your usual mood

From this reading What were his background and education? and, above all, What were his temperament and the bias of his mind?

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

UniversenounUS /ˈjuːnəvɜːrs/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading What native instincts, preferences, and limitations of view did he bring with him to his business of reading the riddle of the Universe?

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading What native instincts, preferences, and limitations of view did he bring with him to his business of reading the riddle of the Universe?

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading For in the case of a man like James the biographical question to be answered is not, as with a man of affairs: How can his actions be explained? but rather: What manner of being was he?

WHETHERconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading For in the case of a man like James the biographical question to be answered is not, as with a man of affairs: How can his actions be explained? but rather: What manner of being was he?

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading _To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated._ WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic.

Chapter 1 of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1 by William James holds 346 sentences, grouped into 70 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1 contain?

Chapter 1 holds 346 sentences of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1, unabridged, divided into 70 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1 by William James exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 346 sentences, grouped into 70 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1?

Work through the 70 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 70 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Letters of William James, Vol. 1

Common questions about reading The Letters of William James, Vol. 1 by William James on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1?

Yes. All 5090 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40307 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40307, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Letters of William James, Vol. 1 take to read?

About 424 minutes of reading across 1018 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Letters of William James, Vol. 1 section by section

How to work through The Letters of William James, Vol. 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Letters of William James, Vol. 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Letters of William James, Vol. 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mother
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gallant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Devoted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Father's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.