Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Letters of William James, Vol. 1
The Letters of William James, Vol. 1

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1 is here in full — 422 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Letters of William James, Vol. 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/84 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Berlin is a bleak and unfriendly place.
The inhabitants are rude and graceless, but must conceal a solid worth beneath it.
I only know seven of them, and they are of the _élite_.
It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.
These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Letters of William James, Vol. 1

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1 is here in full — 422 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Berlin is a bleak and unfriendly place.
/bərˈlɪn ɪz ə bliːk ənd ənˈfrendli pleɪs/
Line 2
The inhabitants are rude and graceless, but must conceal a solid worth beneath it.
/ðə ɪnˈhæbətənts ɑːr ruːd ənd ˈɡreɪsləs bʌt mʌst kənˈsiːl ə ˈsɑːləd wɜːrθ bɪˈniːθ ɪt/
Line 3
I only know seven of them, and they are of the _élite_.
Line 4
It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.
Line 5
These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abdomen noun US /æbˈdoʊmən/

the region of the body of a vertebrate between the thorax and the pelvis

From this reading “These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.”

antagonist noun US /ænˈtæɡənəst/

someone who offers opposition

From this reading “It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.”

drill verb US /drɪl/

make a hole, especially with a pointed power or hand tool

From this reading “It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.”

friendliness noun US /ˈfrendlinɪs/

a feeling of liking for another person; enjoyment in their company

From this reading “It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.”

graceless adjective US /ˈɡreɪsləs/

lacking graciousness

From this reading “The inhabitants are rude and graceless, but must conceal a solid worth beneath it.”

punched verb US /pʌntʃt/

past form of “punch” — deliver a quick blow to

From this reading “These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.”

shifts noun US /ʃɪfts/

plural of “shift” — an event in which something is displaced without rotation

From this reading “It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.”

unfriendly adjective US /ənˈfrendli/

not easy to understand or use

From this reading “Berlin is a bleak and unfriendly place.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

most amusing adverb + adjective

In this reading “These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.”

invisible hand adjective + noun

In this reading “These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.”

know exactly verb + particle

In this reading “It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.”

in the rear preposition + article + noun counted as “in … rear”

In this reading “These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.”

All words in this reading · 87

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

100

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Berlin is a bleak and unfriendly place.

abdomennounUS /æbˈdoʊmən/

the region of the body of a vertebrate between the thorax and the pelvis

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

acquaintedadjectiveUS /əˈkweɪntɪd/

having fair knowledge of

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

advancesnounUS /ədˈvænsəz/

plural of “advance” — a movement forward

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

amusingadjectiveUS /əˈmjuːzɪŋ/

providing enjoyment; pleasantly entertaining

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Berlin is a bleak and unfriendly place.

antagonistnounUS /ænˈtæɡənəst/

someone who offers opposition

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The inhabitants are rude and graceless, but must conceal a solid worth beneath it.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading The inhabitants are rude and graceless, but must conceal a solid worth beneath it.

BerlinnounUS /bərˈlɪn/

capital of Germany located in eastern Germany

From this reading Berlin is a bleak and unfriendly place.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

bleakadjectiveUS /bliːk/

offering little or no hope

From this reading Berlin is a bleak and unfriendly place.

bownounUS /baʊ/

a knot with two loops and loose ends; used to tie shoelaces

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The inhabitants are rude and graceless, but must conceal a solid worth beneath it.

concealverbUS /kənˈsiːl/

prevent from being seen or discovered

From this reading The inhabitants are rude and graceless, but must conceal a solid worth beneath it.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

drillverbUS /drɪl/

make a hole, especially with a pointed power or hand tool

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

equallyadverbUS /ˈiːkwəli/

to the same degree (often followed by “as”)

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

exactlyadverbUS /ɪɡˈzæktli/

indicating exactness or preciseness

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

footingnounUS /ˈfʊtɪŋ/

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

formaladjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrməl/

being in accord with established forms and conventions and requirements (as e.g. of formal dress)

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

forthwithadverbUS /ˈfɔːrˈθwɪθ/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

friendlinessnounUS /ˈfrendlinɪs/

a feeling of liking for another person; enjoyment in their company

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

gettingnounUS /ˈɡetɪŋ/

the act of acquiring something

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

gracelessadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪsləs/

lacking graciousness

From this reading The inhabitants are rude and graceless, but must conceal a solid worth beneath it.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I only know seven of them, and they are of the _élite_.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading The inhabitants are rude and graceless, but must conceal a solid worth beneath it.

invisibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈvɪzəbəl/

impossible or nearly impossible to see; imperceptible by the eye

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Berlin is a bleak and unfriendly place.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The inhabitants are rude and graceless, but must conceal a solid worth beneath it.

kickedverbUS /kɪkt/

past form of “kick” — drive or propel with the foot

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading I only know seven of them, and they are of the _élite_.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

motionsnounUS /ˈmoʊʃənz/

plural of “motion” — the use of movements (especially of the hands) to communicate familiar or prearranged signals

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading The inhabitants are rude and graceless, but must conceal a solid worth beneath it.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I only know seven of them, and they are of the _élite_.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading I only know seven of them, and they are of the _élite_.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Berlin is a bleak and unfriendly place.

politenessnounUS /pəˈlaɪtnəs/

a courteous manner that respects accepted social usage

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

Prussians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

punchedverbUS /pʌntʃt/

past form of “punch” — deliver a quick blow to

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

rearnounUS /rɪr/

the back of a military formation or procession

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

rudeadjectiveUS /ruːd/

socially incorrect in behavior

From this reading The inhabitants are rude and graceless, but must conceal a solid worth beneath it.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

sergeant's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading I only know seven of them, and they are of the _élite_.

shiftsnounUS /ʃɪfts/

plural of “shift” — an event in which something is displaced without rotation

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

solidadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləd/

characterized by good substantial quality

From this reading The inhabitants are rude and graceless, but must conceal a solid worth beneath it.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

suddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The inhabitants are rude and graceless, but must conceal a solid worth beneath it.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading I only know seven of them, and they are of the _élite_.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I only know seven of them, and they are of the _élite_.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

unfriendlyadjectiveUS /ənˈfrendli/

not easy to understand or use

From this reading Berlin is a bleak and unfriendly place.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading These Prussians bow in the most amusing way you ever saw,--as if an invisible hand suddenly punched them in the abdomen and an equally invisible foot forthwith kicked them in the rear,--one time and two motions, and they do it 100 times a day.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

worthnounUS /wɜːrθ/

an indefinite quantity of something having a specified value

From this reading The inhabitants are rude and graceless, but must conceal a solid worth beneath it.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

yourselfpronounUS /jərˈself/

used when the person spoken to is also the object of the action

From this reading It is very hard getting acquainted with them, as you have to make all the advances yourself; and your antagonist shifts so between friendliness and a drill sergeant's formal politeness that you never know exactly on what footing you stand with him.

élite

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I only know seven of them, and they are of the _élite_.

Chapter 5 of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1 by William James holds 422 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1 contain?

Chapter 5 holds 422 sentences of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1 by William James exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 422 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Letters of William James, Vol. 1

Common questions about reading The Letters of William James, Vol. 1 by William James on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1?

Yes. All 5090 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40307 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40307, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Letters of William James, Vol. 1 take to read?

About 424 minutes of reading across 1018 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Letters of William James, Vol. 1 section by section

How to work through The Letters of William James, Vol. 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Letters of William James, Vol. 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Letters of William James, Vol. 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mother
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gallant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Devoted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Father's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Letters of William James, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.