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The lieutenant and commander
The lieutenant and commander

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The lieutenant and commander is here in full — 260 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/52 · 5 lines
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SAILORS' PETS.
A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.
To all others he is not only cold, but often surly and impertinent.
This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.
This pugnacious proverb, "Love me, love my dog," being interpreted, signifies, "If you kick my dog, I kick you."
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The lieutenant and commander

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The lieutenant and commander is here in full — 260 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/52 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SAILORS' PETS.
/ˈseɪlərz pets/
Line 2
A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.
Line 3
To all others he is not only cold, but often surly and impertinent.
Line 4
This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.
Line 5
This pugnacious proverb, "Love me, love my dog," being interpreted, signifies, "If you kick my dog, I kick you."
/ðɪs pəɡˈnæʃɪs ˈprɑːvərb lʌv miː lʌv maɪ dɔːɡ ˈbiːɪŋ ˌɪnˈtɜːrprətəd ˈsɪɡnəfaɪz ɪf juː kɪk maɪ dɔːɡ aɪ kɪk juː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accompanies verb US /əˈkʌmpəniz/

third-person singular of “accompany” — be present or associated with an event or entity

From this reading “A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.”

bestows verb US /bɪˈstoʊz/

third-person singular of “bestow” — present

From this reading “A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.”

duels noun US /ˈduːəlz/

plural of “duel” — a prearranged fight with deadly weapons by two people (accompanied by seconds) in order to settle a quarrel over a point of honor

From this reading “This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.”

extant adjective US /ˈekstənt/

still in existence; not extinct or destroyed or lost

From this reading “This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.”

feeds noun US /fiːdz/

plural of “feed” — food for domestic livestock

From this reading “A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.”

pets noun US /pets/

plural of “pet” — a domesticated animal kept for companionship or amusement

From this reading “SAILORS' PETS.”

pugnacious adjective US /pəɡˈnæʃɪs/

tough and callous by virtue of experience

From this reading “This pugnacious proverb, "Love me, love my dog," being interpreted, signifies, "If you kick my dog, I kick you."”

squabbles noun US /ˈskwɑːbəlz/

plural of “squabble” — a quarrel about petty points

From this reading “This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

accompaniesverbUS /əˈkʌmpəniz/

third-person singular of “accompany” — be present or associated with an event or entity

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading This pugnacious proverb, "Love me, love my dog," being interpreted, signifies, "If you kick my dog, I kick you."

bestowsverbUS /bɪˈstoʊz/

third-person singular of “bestow” — present

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

causesnounUS /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading To all others he is not only cold, but often surly and impertinent.

companionnounUS /kəmˈpænjən/

a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

disputeverbUS /dɪsˈpjuːt/

take exception to

From this reading This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.

dognounUS /dɔːɡ/

a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

duelsnounUS /ˈduːəlz/

plural of “duel” — a prearranged fight with deadly weapons by two people (accompanied by seconds) in order to settle a quarrel over a point of honor

From this reading This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

extantadjectiveUS /ˈekstənt/

still in existence; not extinct or destroyed or lost

From this reading This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.

familiaritynounUS /fəˌmɪˈljerəti/

personal knowledge or information about someone or something

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

feedsnounUS /fiːdz/

plural of “feed” — food for domestic livestock

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading This pugnacious proverb, "Love me, love my dog," being interpreted, signifies, "If you kick my dog, I kick you."

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.

impertinentadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɜːrtənənt/

characterized by a lightly pert and exuberant quality

From this reading To all others he is not only cold, but often surly and impertinent.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.

interpretedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɜːrprətəd/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading This pugnacious proverb, "Love me, love my dog," being interpreted, signifies, "If you kick my dog, I kick you."

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

kickverbUS /kɪk/

drive or propel with the foot

From this reading This pugnacious proverb, "Love me, love my dog," being interpreted, signifies, "If you kick my dog, I kick you."

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.

LovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading This pugnacious proverb, "Love me, love my dog," being interpreted, signifies, "If you kick my dog, I kick you."

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

master'snounUS /ˈmæstərz/

possessive form of “master” — an artist of consummate skill

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading This pugnacious proverb, "Love me, love my dog," being interpreted, signifies, "If you kick my dog, I kick you."

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading This pugnacious proverb, "Love me, love my dog," being interpreted, signifies, "If you kick my dog, I kick you."

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading To all others he is not only cold, but often surly and impertinent.

obviousadjectiveUS /ˈɑːbviəs/

easily perceived by the senses or grasped by the mind

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading To all others he is not only cold, but often surly and impertinent.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading To all others he is not only cold, but often surly and impertinent.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To all others he is not only cold, but often surly and impertinent.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.

petnounUS /pet/

a domesticated animal kept for companionship or amusement

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

PETSnounUS /pets/

plural of “pet” — a domesticated animal kept for companionship or amusement

From this reading SAILORS' PETS.

proverbnounUS /ˈprɑːvərb/

a condensed but memorable saying embodying some important fact of experience that is taken as true by many people

From this reading This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.

pugnaciousadjectiveUS /pəɡˈnæʃɪs/

tough and callous by virtue of experience

From this reading This pugnacious proverb, "Love me, love my dog," being interpreted, signifies, "If you kick my dog, I kick you."

SAILORSnounUS /ˈseɪlərz/

plural of “sailor” — any member of a ship's crew

From this reading SAILORS' PETS.

selfishadjectiveUS /ˈselfɪʃ/

concerned chiefly or only with yourself and your advantage to the exclusion of others

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

servantnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənt/

a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

signifiesverbUS /ˈsɪɡnəfaɪz/

third-person singular of “signify” — denote or connote

From this reading This pugnacious proverb, "Love me, love my dog," being interpreted, signifies, "If you kick my dog, I kick you."

sociabilitynoun

the relative tendency or disposition to be sociable or associate with one's fellows

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

squabblesnounUS /ˈskwɑːbəlz/

plural of “squabble” — a quarrel about petty points

From this reading This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

surlyadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrli/

inclined to anger or bad feelings with overtones of menace

From this reading To all others he is not only cold, but often surly and impertinent.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

uncharitableness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.

unfortunatelyadverbUS /ənˈfɔːrtʃənətli/

by bad luck

From this reading This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A dog is the most obvious and natural pet for a gentleman; but still, a dog, with all his familiarity, is a selfish sort of companion, for he generally bestows his whole sociability either upon his master, or his master's servant who feeds him, or upon his master's friend who accompanies him to the fields.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading This, indeed, would matter little, if there were not unfortunately a proverb extant, which has led perhaps to more squabbles, duels, and other uncharitableness, than most other causes of dispute.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading This pugnacious proverb, "Love me, love my dog," being interpreted, signifies, "If you kick my dog, I kick you."

Chapter 12 of The lieutenant and commander by Basil Hall holds 260 sentences, grouped into 52 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of The lieutenant and commander contain?

Chapter 12 holds 260 sentences of The lieutenant and commander, unabridged, divided into 52 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of The lieutenant and commander by Basil Hall exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 260 sentences, grouped into 52 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of The lieutenant and commander?

Work through the 52 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 52 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The lieutenant and commander

Common questions about reading The lieutenant and commander by Basil Hall on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The lieutenant and commander?

Yes. All 3172 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #17032 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The lieutenant and commander is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #17032, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The lieutenant and commander take to read?

About 264 minutes of reading across 635 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The lieutenant and commander section by section

How to work through The lieutenant and commander section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of The lieutenant and commander to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The lieutenant and commander

Words and structures a reader meets early in The lieutenant and commander, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Fitting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The lieutenant and commander; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Out--progress
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The lieutenant and commander; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rigging--the
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The lieutenant and commander; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Figure-head--progressive
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The lieutenant and commander; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.