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The lieutenant and commander
The lieutenant and commander

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of The lieutenant and commander is here in full — 132 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The lieutenant and commander
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
COMMISSIONING A SHIP.
Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.
I have therefore thought it right to "begin with the beginning," and tell how a man-of-war is first commissioned.
This leads to the fitting-out; that is, getting in the masts, putting the rigging overhead, stowing the holds, and so on.
The next obvious point to be considered in the equipment of a ship is, the force she is to carry, which brings us to the very curious question of naval gunnery.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The lieutenant and commander

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of The lieutenant and commander is here in full — 132 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
COMMISSIONING A SHIP.
/kəˈmɪʃənɪŋ ə ʃɪp/
Line 2
Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.
Line 3
I have therefore thought it right to "begin with the beginning," and tell how a man-of-war is first commissioned.
Line 4
This leads to the fitting-out; that is, getting in the masts, putting the rigging overhead, stowing the holds, and so on.
Line 5
The next obvious point to be considered in the equipment of a ship is, the force she is to carry, which brings us to the very curious question of naval gunnery.
/ðə nekst ˈɑːbviəs pɔɪnt tuː biː kənˈsɪdərd ɪn ðə ɪˈkwɪpmənt ʌv ə ʃɪp ɪz ðə fɔːrs ʃiː ɪz tuː ˈkæri wɪtʃ brɪŋz ʌs tuː ðə ˈveri ˈkjʊriəs ˈkwestʃən ʌv ˈneɪvəl ˈɡʌnəri/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

commissioned adjective US /kəˈmɪʃənd/

(of military officers) holding by virtue of a commission a rank of second lieutenant or ensign or above

From this reading “I have therefore thought it right to "begin with the beginning," and tell how a man-of-war is first commissioned.”

commissioning noun US /kəˈmɪʃənɪŋ/

the act of granting authority to undertake certain functions

From this reading “COMMISSIONING A SHIP.”

equipment noun US /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/

an instrumentality needed for an undertaking or to perform a service

From this reading “The next obvious point to be considered in the equipment of a ship is, the force she is to carry, which brings us to the very curious question of naval gunnery.”

gunnery noun US /ˈɡʌnəri/

guns collectively

From this reading “The next obvious point to be considered in the equipment of a ship is, the force she is to carry, which brings us to the very curious question of naval gunnery.”

inaction noun US /ˌɪˈnækʃən/

the state of being inactive

From this reading “Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.”

masts noun US /mæsts/

plural of “mast” — a vertical spar for supporting sails

From this reading “This leads to the fitting-out; that is, getting in the masts, putting the rigging overhead, stowing the holds, and so on.”

rigging noun US /ˈrɪɡɪŋ/

gear consisting of ropes etc. supporting a ship's masts and sails

From this reading “This leads to the fitting-out; that is, getting in the masts, putting the rigging overhead, stowing the holds, and so on.”

stowing noun US /ˈstoʊwɪŋ/

the act of packing or storing away

From this reading “This leads to the fitting-out; that is, getting in the masts, putting the rigging overhead, stowing the holds, and so on.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading COMMISSIONING A SHIP.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I have therefore thought it right to "begin with the beginning," and tell how a man-of-war is first commissioned.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The next obvious point to be considered in the equipment of a ship is, the force she is to carry, which brings us to the very curious question of naval gunnery.

beginverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading I have therefore thought it right to "begin with the beginning," and tell how a man-of-war is first commissioned.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading I have therefore thought it right to "begin with the beginning," and tell how a man-of-war is first commissioned.

bringsverbUS /brɪŋz/

third-person singular of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading The next obvious point to be considered in the equipment of a ship is, the force she is to carry, which brings us to the very curious question of naval gunnery.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading The next obvious point to be considered in the equipment of a ship is, the force she is to carry, which brings us to the very curious question of naval gunnery.

commissionedadjectiveUS /kəˈmɪʃənd/

(of military officers) holding by virtue of a commission a rank of second lieutenant or ensign or above

From this reading I have therefore thought it right to "begin with the beginning," and tell how a man-of-war is first commissioned.

COMMISSIONINGnounUS /kəˈmɪʃənɪŋ/

the act of granting authority to undertake certain functions

From this reading COMMISSIONING A SHIP.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading The next obvious point to be considered in the equipment of a ship is, the force she is to carry, which brings us to the very curious question of naval gunnery.

curiousadjectiveUS /ˈkjʊriəs/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

equipmentnounUS /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/

an instrumentality needed for an undertaking or to perform a service

From this reading The next obvious point to be considered in the equipment of a ship is, the force she is to carry, which brings us to the very curious question of naval gunnery.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading I have therefore thought it right to "begin with the beginning," and tell how a man-of-war is first commissioned.

fitting-out

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This leads to the fitting-out; that is, getting in the masts, putting the rigging overhead, stowing the holds, and so on.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading The next obvious point to be considered in the equipment of a ship is, the force she is to carry, which brings us to the very curious question of naval gunnery.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

gettingnounUS /ˈɡetɪŋ/

the act of acquiring something

From this reading This leads to the fitting-out; that is, getting in the masts, putting the rigging overhead, stowing the holds, and so on.

gunnerynounUS /ˈɡʌnəri/

guns collectively

From this reading The next obvious point to be considered in the equipment of a ship is, the force she is to carry, which brings us to the very curious question of naval gunnery.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have therefore thought it right to "begin with the beginning," and tell how a man-of-war is first commissioned.

holdsnounUS /hoʊldz/

plural of “hold” — the act of grasping

From this reading This leads to the fitting-out; that is, getting in the masts, putting the rigging overhead, stowing the holds, and so on.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I have therefore thought it right to "begin with the beginning," and tell how a man-of-war is first commissioned.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

inactionnounUS /ˌɪˈnækʃən/

the state of being inactive

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I have therefore thought it right to "begin with the beginning," and tell how a man-of-war is first commissioned.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

leadsnounUS /liːdz/

plural of “lead” — an advantage held by a competitor in a race

From this reading This leads to the fitting-out; that is, getting in the masts, putting the rigging overhead, stowing the holds, and so on.

man-of-warnoun

a warship intended for combat

From this reading I have therefore thought it right to "begin with the beginning," and tell how a man-of-war is first commissioned.

mastsnounUS /mæsts/

plural of “mast” — a vertical spar for supporting sails

From this reading This leads to the fitting-out; that is, getting in the masts, putting the rigging overhead, stowing the holds, and so on.

MostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

navaladjectiveUS /ˈneɪvəl/

connected with or belonging to or used in a navy

From this reading The next obvious point to be considered in the equipment of a ship is, the force she is to carry, which brings us to the very curious question of naval gunnery.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The next obvious point to be considered in the equipment of a ship is, the force she is to carry, which brings us to the very curious question of naval gunnery.

obviousadjectiveUS /ˈɑːbviəs/

easily perceived by the senses or grasped by the mind

From this reading The next obvious point to be considered in the equipment of a ship is, the force she is to carry, which brings us to the very curious question of naval gunnery.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading This leads to the fitting-out; that is, getting in the masts, putting the rigging overhead, stowing the holds, and so on.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

ordinarynounUS /ˈɔːrdəneri/

a judge of a probate court

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

overheadadverbUS /ˈoʊvərˈhed/

above your head; in the sky

From this reading This leads to the fitting-out; that is, getting in the masts, putting the rigging overhead, stowing the holds, and so on.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading The next obvious point to be considered in the equipment of a ship is, the force she is to carry, which brings us to the very curious question of naval gunnery.

puttingnounUS /ˈpʌtɪŋ/

hitting a golf ball that is on the green using a putter

From this reading This leads to the fitting-out; that is, getting in the masts, putting the rigging overhead, stowing the holds, and so on.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading The next obvious point to be considered in the equipment of a ship is, the force she is to carry, which brings us to the very curious question of naval gunnery.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

riggingnounUS /ˈrɪɡɪŋ/

gear consisting of ropes etc. supporting a ship's masts and sails

From this reading This leads to the fitting-out; that is, getting in the masts, putting the rigging overhead, stowing the holds, and so on.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading I have therefore thought it right to "begin with the beginning," and tell how a man-of-war is first commissioned.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The next obvious point to be considered in the equipment of a ship is, the force she is to carry, which brings us to the very curious question of naval gunnery.

SHIPverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading COMMISSIONING A SHIP.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading This leads to the fitting-out; that is, getting in the masts, putting the rigging overhead, stowing the holds, and so on.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

stowingnounUS /ˈstoʊwɪŋ/

the act of packing or storing away

From this reading This leads to the fitting-out; that is, getting in the masts, putting the rigging overhead, stowing the holds, and so on.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading I have therefore thought it right to "begin with the beginning," and tell how a man-of-war is first commissioned.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading This leads to the fitting-out; that is, getting in the masts, putting the rigging overhead, stowing the holds, and so on.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I have therefore thought it right to "begin with the beginning," and tell how a man-of-war is first commissioned.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading I have therefore thought it right to "begin with the beginning," and tell how a man-of-war is first commissioned.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This leads to the fitting-out; that is, getting in the masts, putting the rigging overhead, stowing the holds, and so on.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading I have therefore thought it right to "begin with the beginning," and tell how a man-of-war is first commissioned.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

totalverbUS /ˈtoʊtəl/

add up in number or quantity

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The next obvious point to be considered in the equipment of a ship is, the force she is to carry, which brings us to the very curious question of naval gunnery.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The next obvious point to be considered in the equipment of a ship is, the force she is to carry, which brings us to the very curious question of naval gunnery.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Most people are curious to know how, from a state of total inaction, or what is called "laid up in ordinary," a ship is brought forward into real service.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The next obvious point to be considered in the equipment of a ship is, the force she is to carry, which brings us to the very curious question of naval gunnery.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I have therefore thought it right to "begin with the beginning," and tell how a man-of-war is first commissioned.

Chapter 20 of The lieutenant and commander by Basil Hall holds 132 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The lieutenant and commander contain?

Chapter 20 holds 132 sentences of The lieutenant and commander, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The lieutenant and commander by Basil Hall exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 132 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The lieutenant and commander?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The lieutenant and commander

Common questions about reading The lieutenant and commander by Basil Hall on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The lieutenant and commander?

Yes. All 3172 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #17032 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The lieutenant and commander is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #17032, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The lieutenant and commander take to read?

About 264 minutes of reading across 635 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The lieutenant and commander

Words and structures a reader meets early in The lieutenant and commander, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Fitting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The lieutenant and commander; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Out--progress
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The lieutenant and commander; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rigging--the
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The lieutenant and commander; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Figure-head--progressive
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The lieutenant and commander; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.