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The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller
The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller is here in full — 512 sentences across 103 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller
Context Illustration Reading 1/102 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Journey from Arkeeko, over the Mountain of Tarenta to Gondar, the Capital of Abyssinia.
On the 15th of November Bruce left Arkeeko, and, after crossing a small plain, pitched his tent near a shallow pit of rain-water.
Before him were the mountains of Abyssinia, in three distinct ridges.
The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.
Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller is here in full — 512 sentences across 103 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/102 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Journey from Arkeeko, over the Mountain of Tarenta to Gondar, the Capital of Abyssinia.
Line 2
On the 15th of November Bruce left Arkeeko, and, after crossing a small plain, pitched his tent near a shallow pit of rain-water.
Line 3
Before him were the mountains of Abyssinia, in three distinct ridges.
/bɪˈfɔːr hɪm wɜːr ðə ˈmaʊntənz ʌv æbˈsɪniːə ɪn θriː dɪˈstɪŋkt ˈrɪdʒəz/
Line 4
The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.
Line 5
Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Abyssinia noun US /æbˈsɪniːə/

Ethiopia is a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; formerly called Abyssinia

From this reading “Journey from Arkeeko, over the Mountain of Tarenta to Gondar, the Capital of Abyssinia.”

apex noun US /ˈeɪpeks/

the highest point (of something)

From this reading “Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.”

gullies noun US /ˈɡʌliz/

plural of “gully” — deep ditch cut by running water (especially after a prolonged downpour)

From this reading “The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.”

ridges noun US /ˈrɪdʒəz/

plural of “ridge” — a long narrow natural elevation or striation

From this reading “Before him were the mountains of Abyssinia, in three distinct ridges.”

steeper noun US /ˈstiːpər/

a vessel (usually a pot or vat) used for steeping

From this reading “The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.”

stupendous adjective US /stuːˈpendəs/

so great in size or force or extent as to elicit awe

From this reading “Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.”

thinly adverb US /ˈθɪnli/

without force or sincere effort

From this reading “The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.”

towered verb US /ˈtaʊərd/

past form of “tower” — appear very large or occupy a commanding position

From this reading “Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

enveloped in verb + particle counted as “envelop in”

In this reading “Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.”

after crossing preposition + noun

In this reading “On the 15th of November Bruce left Arkeeko, and, after crossing a small plain, pitched his tent near a shallow pit of rain-water.”

other times adjective + noun

In this reading “Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.”

over the Mountain preposition + article + noun counted as “over … mountain”

In this reading “Journey from Arkeeko, over the Mountain of Tarenta to Gondar, the Capital of Abyssinia.”

any part adjective + noun

In this reading “The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.”

Journey from verb + particle

In this reading “Journey from Arkeeko, over the Mountain of Tarenta to Gondar, the Capital of Abyssinia.”

All words in this reading · 89

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

15th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 15th of November Bruce left Arkeeko, and, after crossing a small plain, pitched his tent near a shallow pit of rain-water.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading On the 15th of November Bruce left Arkeeko, and, after crossing a small plain, pitched his tent near a shallow pit of rain-water.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

AbyssinianounUS /æbˈsɪniːə/

Ethiopia is a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; formerly called Abyssinia

From this reading Journey from Arkeeko, over the Mountain of Tarenta to Gondar, the Capital of Abyssinia.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading On the 15th of November Bruce left Arkeeko, and, after crossing a small plain, pitched his tent near a shallow pit of rain-water.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading On the 15th of November Bruce left Arkeeko, and, after crossing a small plain, pitched his tent near a shallow pit of rain-water.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

apexnounUS /ˈeɪpeks/

the highest point (of something)

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

Arkeeko

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Journey from Arkeeko, over the Mountain of Tarenta to Gondar, the Capital of Abyssinia.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

bareadjectiveUS /ber/

completely unclothed

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

becomesverbUS /bɪˈkʌmz/

third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before him were the mountains of Abyssinia, in three distinct ridges.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

BrucenounUS /bruːs/

Australian physician and bacteriologist who described the bacterium that causes undulant fever or brucellosis (1855-1931)

From this reading On the 15th of November Bruce left Arkeeko, and, after crossing a small plain, pitched his tent near a shallow pit of rain-water.

buriedadjectiveUS /ˈberid/

placed in a grave

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

CapitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading Journey from Arkeeko, over the Mountain of Tarenta to Gondar, the Capital of Abyssinia.

cloudsnounUS /klaʊdz/

plural of “cloud” — any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

crossingnounUS /ˈkrɔːsɪŋ/

traveling across

From this reading On the 15th of November Bruce left Arkeeko, and, after crossing a small plain, pitched his tent near a shallow pit of rain-water.

darknessnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

distinctadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

(often followed by “from”) not alike; different in nature or quality

From this reading Before him were the mountains of Abyssinia, in three distinct ridges.

envelopedverbUS /enˈveləpt/

past form of “envelop” — enclose or enfold completely with or as if with a covering

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

FaradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Journey from Arkeeko, over the Mountain of Tarenta to Gondar, the Capital of Abyssinia.

Gondar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Journey from Arkeeko, over the Mountain of Tarenta to Gondar, the Capital of Abyssinia.

gulliesnounUS /ˈɡʌliz/

plural of “gully” — deep ditch cut by running water (especially after a prolonged downpour)

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

higheradjectiveUS /ˈhaɪər/

advanced in complexity or elaboration

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Before him were the mountains of Abyssinia, in three distinct ridges.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading On the 15th of November Bruce left Arkeeko, and, after crossing a small plain, pitched his tent near a shallow pit of rain-water.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Before him were the mountains of Abyssinia, in three distinct ridges.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

JourneyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading Journey from Arkeeko, over the Mountain of Tarenta to Gondar, the Capital of Abyssinia.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading On the 15th of November Bruce left Arkeeko, and, after crossing a small plain, pitched his tent near a shallow pit of rain-water.

lightningnounUS /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/

abrupt electric discharge from cloud to cloud or from cloud to earth accompanied by the emission of light

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

massnounUS /mæs/

the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

mistverbUS /mɪst/

become covered with mist

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

MountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Journey from Arkeeko, over the Mountain of Tarenta to Gondar, the Capital of Abyssinia.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Before him were the mountains of Abyssinia, in three distinct ridges.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading On the 15th of November Bruce left Arkeeko, and, after crossing a small plain, pitched his tent near a shallow pit of rain-water.

NovembernounUS /noʊˈvembər/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading On the 15th of November Bruce left Arkeeko, and, after crossing a small plain, pitched his tent near a shallow pit of rain-water.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Journey from Arkeeko, over the Mountain of Tarenta to Gondar, the Capital of Abyssinia.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the 15th of November Bruce left Arkeeko, and, after crossing a small plain, pitched his tent near a shallow pit of rain-water.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Journey from Arkeeko, over the Mountain of Tarenta to Gondar, the Capital of Abyssinia.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

pitnounUS /pɪt/

A large hole in the ground, or an abyss of darkness and peril.

From this reading On the 15th of November Bruce left Arkeeko, and, after crossing a small plain, pitched his tent near a shallow pit of rain-water.

pitchedadjectiveUS /pɪtʃt/

(of sound) set to a certain pitch or key; usually used as a combining form

From this reading On the 15th of November Bruce left Arkeeko, and, after crossing a small plain, pitched his tent near a shallow pit of rain-water.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading On the 15th of November Bruce left Arkeeko, and, after crossing a small plain, pitched his tent near a shallow pit of rain-water.

rain-water

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 15th of November Bruce left Arkeeko, and, after crossing a small plain, pitched his tent near a shallow pit of rain-water.

rangenounUS /reɪndʒ/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

ridgesnounUS /ˈrɪdʒəz/

plural of “ridge” — a long narrow natural elevation or striation

From this reading Before him were the mountains of Abyssinia, in three distinct ridges.

ruggedadjectiveUS /ˈrʌɡəd/

sturdy and strong in constitution or construction; enduring

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

shallowadjectiveUS /ˈʃæloʊ/

lacking physical depth; having little spatial extension downward or inward from an outer surface or backward or outward from a center

From this reading On the 15th of November Bruce left Arkeeko, and, after crossing a small plain, pitched his tent near a shallow pit of rain-water.

sharp-pointedadjective

having a sharp point

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

shrubsnounUS /ʃrʌbz/

plural of “shrub” — a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading On the 15th of November Bruce left Arkeeko, and, after crossing a small plain, pitched his tent near a shallow pit of rain-water.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

steepernounUS /ˈstiːpər/

a vessel (usually a pot or vat) used for steeping

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

stormverbUS /stɔːrm/

behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

stupendousadjectiveUS /stuːˈpendəs/

so great in size or force or extent as to elicit awe

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

Tarenta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Journey from Arkeeko, over the Mountain of Tarenta to Gondar, the Capital of Abyssinia.

tentnounUS /tent/

a portable shelter (usually of canvas stretched over supporting poles and fastened to the ground with ropes and pegs)

From this reading On the 15th of November Bruce left Arkeeko, and, after crossing a small plain, pitched his tent near a shallow pit of rain-water.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Journey from Arkeeko, over the Mountain of Tarenta to Gondar, the Capital of Abyssinia.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

thinlyadverbUS /ˈθɪnli/

without force or sincere effort

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Before him were the mountains of Abyssinia, in three distinct ridges.

thunderverbUS /ˈθʌndər/

move fast, noisily, and heavily

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Journey from Arkeeko, over the Mountain of Tarenta to Gondar, the Capital of Abyssinia.

toweredverbUS /ˈtaʊərd/

past form of “tower” — appear very large or occupy a commanding position

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Before him were the mountains of Abyssinia, in three distinct ridges.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Far above them all towered that stupendous mass, the Mountain of Tarenta, the apex of which is sometimes buried in the clouds; while at other times, enveloped in mist and darkness, it becomes the seat of lightning, thunder, and storm.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The first broken into gullies, and thinly covered with shrubs; the second higher, steeper, more rugged and bare; and the third a range of sharp-pointed mountains, which would be considered high in any part of Europe.

Chapter 11 of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller by Francis Bond, Sir Head holds 512 sentences, grouped into 103 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller contain?

Chapter 11 holds 512 sentences of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller, unabridged, divided into 103 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller by Francis Bond, Sir Head exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 512 sentences, grouped into 103 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller?

Work through the 103 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 103 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller

Common questions about reading The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller by Francis Bond, Sir Head on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller?

Yes. All 3917 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #39615 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #39615, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller take to read?

About 326 minutes of reading across 784 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller section by section

How to work through The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 19 chapters of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

African
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Traveller
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Major
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Francis
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.