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The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller
The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller is here in full — 313 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/62 · 5 lines
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Bruce again attempts to reach the Fountains of the Nile, and succeeds.
Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.
Bruce's quadrant required four men, relieving each other, to carry it, and his timekeeper and telescopes employed two more.
His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.
After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller is here in full — 313 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/62 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Bruce again attempts to reach the Fountains of the Nile, and succeeds.
/bruːs əˈɡen əˈtempts tuː riːtʃ ðə ˈfaʊntənz ʌv ðə naɪl ənd səkˈsiːdz/
Line 2
Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.
Line 3
Bruce's quadrant required four men, relieving each other, to carry it, and his timekeeper and telescopes employed two more.
Line 4
His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.
Line 5
After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bruce's noun US /ˈbruːsəz/

possessive form of “bruce” — Australian physician and bacteriologist who described the bacterium that causes undulant fever or brucellosis (1855-1931)

From this reading “Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.”

exploring verb US /ɪkˈsplɔːrɪŋ/

-ing form of “explore” — inquire into

From this reading “Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.”

jarring adjective US /ˈdʒɑːrɪŋ/

making or causing a harsh and irritating sound

From this reading “His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.”

peninsula noun US /pəˈnɪnsələ/

a large mass of land projecting into a body of water

From this reading “After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.”

quadrant noun US /ˈkwɑːdrənt/

a quarter of the circumference of a circle

From this reading “Bruce's quadrant required four men, relieving each other, to carry it, and his timekeeper and telescopes employed two more.”

relieving verb US /rɪˈliːvɪŋ/

-ing form of “relieve” — provide physical relief, as from pain

From this reading “Bruce's quadrant required four men, relieving each other, to carry it, and his timekeeper and telescopes employed two more.”

succeeds verb US /səkˈsiːdz/

third-person singular of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading “Bruce again attempts to reach the Fountains of the Nile, and succeeds.”

telescopes noun US /ˈteləskoʊps/

plural of “telescope” — a magnifier of images of distant objects

From this reading “Bruce's quadrant required four men, relieving each other, to carry it, and his timekeeper and telescopes employed two more.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

several miles adjective + noun counted as “several mile”

In this reading “After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.”

four men noun + noun

In this reading “Bruce's quadrant required four men, relieving each other, to carry it, and his timekeeper and telescopes employed two more.”

flat country adjective + noun

In this reading “After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.”

great lake adjective + noun

In this reading “After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.”

After passing preposition + noun

In this reading “After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.”

into the lake preposition + article + noun counted as “into … lake”

In this reading “After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.”

perish in verb + particle

In this reading “His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1770

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

28th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Bruce again attempts to reach the Fountains of the Nile, and succeeds.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

amidprepositionUS /əˈmɪd/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Bruce again attempts to reach the Fountains of the Nile, and succeeds.

attainverbUS /əˈteɪn/

to gain with effort

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

attemptsnounUS /əˈtempts/

plural of “attempt” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading Bruce again attempts to reach the Fountains of the Nile, and succeeds.

aversionnounUS /əˈvɜːrʒən/

a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

BrucenounUS /bruːs/

Australian physician and bacteriologist who described the bacterium that causes undulant fever or brucellosis (1855-1931)

From this reading Bruce again attempts to reach the Fountains of the Nile, and succeeds.

Bruce'snounUS /ˈbruːsəz/

possessive form of “bruce” — Australian physician and bacteriologist who described the bacterium that causes undulant fever or brucellosis (1855-1931)

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Bruce's quadrant required four men, relieving each other, to carry it, and his timekeeper and telescopes employed two more.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

commencedverbUS /kəˈmenst/

past form of “commence” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

commotionnounUS /kəˈmoʊʃən/

a disorderly outburst or tumult

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.

dangernounUS /ˈdeɪndʒər/

the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

Dembea

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.

designnounUS /dɪˈzaɪn/

the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

difficultiesnounUS /ˈdɪfəkəltiz/

plural of “difficulty” — an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Bruce's quadrant required four men, relieving each other, to carry it, and his timekeeper and telescopes employed two more.

elevatedadjectiveUS /ˈeləveɪtɪd/

raised above the ground

From this reading After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading Bruce's quadrant required four men, relieving each other, to carry it, and his timekeeper and telescopes employed two more.

exploringverbUS /ɪkˈsplɔːrɪŋ/

-ing form of “explore” — inquire into

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

exposeverbUS /ɪkˈspoʊz/

expose or make accessible to some action or influence

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

flatadjectiveUS /flæt/

having a surface without slope, tilt in which no part is higher or lower than another

From this reading After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.

forbidverbUS /fərˈbɪd/

command against

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

FountainsnounUS /ˈfaʊntənz/

plural of “fountain” — a structure from which an artificially produced jet of water arises

From this reading Bruce again attempts to reach the Fountains of the Nile, and succeeds.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Bruce's quadrant required four men, relieving each other, to carry it, and his timekeeper and telescopes employed two more.

Gorgora

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

interestsnounUS /ˈɪntrəsts/

plural of “interest” — a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Bruce's quadrant required four men, relieving each other, to carry it, and his timekeeper and telescopes employed two more.

iteghe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

jarringadjectiveUS /ˈdʒɑːrɪŋ/

making or causing a harsh and irritating sound

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

lakenounUS /leɪk/

a body of (usually fresh) water surrounded by land

From this reading After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Bruce's quadrant required four men, relieving each other, to carry it, and his timekeeper and telescopes employed two more.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Bruce's quadrant required four men, relieving each other, to carry it, and his timekeeper and telescopes employed two more.

NilenounUS /naɪl/

the world's longest river (4150 miles); flows northward through eastern Africa into the Mediterranean; the Nile River valley in Egypt was the site of the world's first great civilization

From this reading Bruce again attempts to reach the Fountains of the Nile, and succeeds.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

OctobernounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Bruce again attempts to reach the Fountains of the Nile, and succeeds.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Bruce's quadrant required four men, relieving each other, to carry it, and his timekeeper and telescopes employed two more.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

passingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.

peninsulanounUS /pəˈnɪnsələ/

a large mass of land projecting into a body of water

From this reading After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.

perishverbUS /ˈperɪʃ/

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

positivelyadverbUS /ˈpɑːzətɪvli/

extremely

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

quadrantnounUS /ˈkwɑːdrənt/

a quarter of the circumference of a circle

From this reading Bruce's quadrant required four men, relieving each other, to carry it, and his timekeeper and telescopes employed two more.

quarrelsnounUS /ˈkwɔːrəlz/

plural of “quarrel” — an angry dispute

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

reachverbUS /riːtʃ/

reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading Bruce again attempts to reach the Fountains of the Nile, and succeeds.

relievingverbUS /rɪˈliːvɪŋ/

-ing form of “relieve” — provide physical relief, as from pain

From this reading Bruce's quadrant required four men, relieving each other, to carry it, and his timekeeper and telescopes employed two more.

requiredadjectiveUS /riˈkwaɪərd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading Bruce's quadrant required four men, relieving each other, to carry it, and his timekeeper and telescopes employed two more.

runningadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.

rushingnounUS /ˈrʌʃɪŋ/

(American football) an attempt to advance the ball by running into the line

From this reading After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

sourcenounUS /sɔːrs/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

succeedsverbUS /səkˈsiːdz/

third-person singular of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading Bruce again attempts to reach the Fountains of the Nile, and succeeds.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

telescopesnounUS /ˈteləskoʊps/

plural of “telescope” — a magnifier of images of distant objects

From this reading Bruce's quadrant required four men, relieving each other, to carry it, and his timekeeper and telescopes employed two more.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Bruce again attempts to reach the Fountains of the Nile, and succeeds.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.

timekeepernoun

(sports) an official who keeps track of the time elapsed

From this reading Bruce's quadrant required four men, relieving each other, to carry it, and his timekeeper and telescopes employed two more.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Bruce again attempts to reach the Fountains of the Nile, and succeeds.

torrentsnounUS /ˈtɔːrənts/

plural of “torrent” — a heavy rain

From this reading After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.

troublenounUS /ˈtrʌbəl/

a source of difficulty

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Bruce's quadrant required four men, relieving each other, to carry it, and his timekeeper and telescopes employed two more.

Tzana

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After passing a number of torrents, which were all rushing through the flat country of Dembea towards the great lake Tzana, they came to Gorgora, an elevated peninsula, running into the lake for several miles.

undertakingnounUS /ˈʌndərteɪkɪŋ/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading Although the iteghe showed great aversion to Bruce's design of exploring the source of the Nile in times of such trouble and commotion, she did not positively forbid the attempt; and therefore, on the 28th of October, 1770, he and his party commenced the undertaking.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading His difficulties, however, were now all in his own cause; he had no longer to expose himself to danger amid the quarrels and jarring interests of others; his _own_ great object was now before him--an object which he had long determined to attain, or to perish in the attempt.

Chapter 14 of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller by Francis Bond, Sir Head holds 313 sentences, grouped into 63 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller contain?

Chapter 14 holds 313 sentences of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller, unabridged, divided into 63 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller by Francis Bond, Sir Head exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 313 sentences, grouped into 63 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller?

Work through the 63 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 63 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #39615, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 326 minutes of reading across 784 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

African
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Traveller
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Major
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Francis
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Adventures of Bruce, the African Traveller; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.