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The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe
The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe is here in full — 128 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
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After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.
My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.
I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.
When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.
I was once inclined to have gone on shore to them; but Xury was my better counsellor, and said to me, No go, no go.”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe is here in full — 128 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.
/ˈæftər ðɪs stɑːp wiː meɪd ɑːn tuː ðə ˈsaʊθwərd kənˈtɪnjuːəli fɔːr ten ɔːr twelv deɪz ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈveri ˈsperɪŋli ɑːn ˈaʊər prəˈvɪʒənz wɪtʃ bɪˈɡæn tuː əˈbeɪt ˈveri mʌtʃ ənd ˈɡoʊɪŋ noʊ ˈɔːfənər tuː ðə ʃɔːr ðæn wiː wɜːr əˈblaɪdʒd tuː fɔːr freʃ ˈwɔːtər/
Line 2
My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.
Line 3
I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.
/aɪ nuː ðæt ɔːl ðə ʃɪps frʌm ˈjʊrəp wɪtʃ seɪld ˈiːðər tuː ðə koʊst ʌv ˈɡɪni ɔːr tuː brəˈzɪl ɔːr tuː ðə iːst ˈɪndiz meɪd ðɪs keɪp ɔːr ðoʊz ˈaɪləndz ənd ɪn ə wɜːrd aɪ pʊt ðə hoʊl ʌv maɪ ˈfɔːrtʃən əˈpɑːn ðɪs ˈsɪŋɡəl pɔɪnt ˈiːðər ðæt aɪ mʌst miːt wɪð sʌm ʃɪp ɔːr mʌst ˈperɪʃ/
Line 4
When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.
/wen aɪ hæd pərˈsuːd ðɪs ˌrezəˈluːʃən əˈbaʊt ten deɪz ˈlɔːŋɡər æz aɪ hæv sed aɪ bɪˈɡæn tuː siː ðæt ðə lænd wɑːz ˌɪnˈhæbətəd ənd ɪn tuː ɔːr θriː ˈpleɪsəz æz wiː seɪld baɪ wiː sɔː ˈpiːpəl stænd əˈpɑːn ðə ʃɔːr tuː lʊk æt ʌs wiː kʊd ˈɔːlsoʊ pərˈsiːv ðeɪ wɜːr kwaɪt blæk ənd ˈneɪkəd/
Line 5
I was once inclined to have gone on shore to them; but Xury was my better counsellor, and said to me, “No go, no go.”

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abate verb US /əˈbeɪt/

make less active or intense

From this reading “After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.”

Brazil noun US /brəˈzɪl/

the largest Latin American country and the largest Portuguese speaking country in the world; located in the central and northeastern part of South America; world's leading coffee exporter

From this reading “I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.”

counsellor noun US /ˈkaʊnsələr/

someone who has supervisory duties at a summer camp

From this reading “I was once inclined to have gone on shore to them; but Xury was my better counsellor, and said to me, “No go, no go.””

Gambia noun US /ˈɡæmbiə/

a narrow republic surrounded by Senegal in West Africa

From this reading “My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.”

Guinea noun US /ˈɡɪni/

a former British gold coin worth 21 shillings

From this reading “I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.”

Indies noun US /ˈɪndiz/

plural of “indie” — a pop group not affiliated with a major record company

From this reading “I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.”

Senegal noun US /ˌsenəˈɡɔːl/

a republic in northwestern Africa on the coast of the Atlantic; formerly a French colony but achieved independence in 1960

From this reading “My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.”

sparingly adverb US /ˈsperɪŋli/

to a meager degree or in a meager manner

From this reading “After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.”

All words in this reading · 131

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.

abateverbUS /əˈbeɪt/

make less active or intense

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

anywhereadverbUS /ˈeniwer/

at or in or to any place

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading I was once inclined to have gone on shore to them; but Xury was my better counsellor, and said to me, “No go, no go.”

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

BrazilnounUS /brəˈzɪl/

the largest Latin American country and the largest Portuguese speaking country in the world; located in the central and northeastern part of South America; world's leading coffee exporter

From this reading I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

CapenounUS /keɪp/

a strip of land projecting into a body of water

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.

continuallyadverbUS /kənˈtɪnjuːəli/

seemingly without interruption

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

counsellornounUS /ˈkaʊnsələr/

someone who has supervisory duties at a summer camp

From this reading I was once inclined to have gone on shore to them; but Xury was my better counsellor, and said to me, “No go, no go.”

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

designnounUS /dɪˈzaɪn/

the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

EastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.

EuropeannounUS /ˌjʊrəˈpiːən/

a native or inhabitant of Europe

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

fortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.

GambianounUS /ˈɡæmbiə/

a narrow republic surrounded by Senegal in West Africa

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading I was once inclined to have gone on shore to them; but Xury was my better counsellor, and said to me, “No go, no go.”

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading I was once inclined to have gone on shore to them; but Xury was my better counsellor, and said to me, “No go, no go.”

GuineanounUS /ˈɡɪni/

a former British gold coin worth 21 shillings

From this reading I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

hopesnounUS /hoʊps/

plural of “hope” — a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

inclinedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈklaɪnd/

(often followed by “to”) having a preference, disposition, or tendency

From this reading I was once inclined to have gone on shore to them; but Xury was my better counsellor, and said to me, “No go, no go.”

IndiesnounUS /ˈɪndiz/

plural of “indie” — a pop group not affiliated with a major record company

From this reading I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.

inhabitedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈhæbətəd/

having inhabitants; lived in

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

islandsnounUS /ˈaɪləndz/

plural of “island” — a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I was once inclined to have gone on shore to them; but Xury was my better counsellor, and said to me, “No go, no go.”

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

nakedadjectiveUS /ˈneɪkəd/

completely unclothed

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

negroesnounUS /ˈniːɡroʊz/

plural of “negro” — a person with African ancestry, "Negro" and "Negroid" are archaic and pejorative today

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

obligedadjectiveUS /əˈblaɪdʒd/

under a moral obligation to do something

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.

ofteneradverbUS /ˈɔːfənər/

more often or more frequently

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading I was once inclined to have gone on shore to them; but Xury was my better counsellor, and said to me, “No go, no go.”

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

perceiveverbUS /pərˈsiːv/

to become aware of through the senses

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

perishverbUS /ˈperɪʃ/

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.

provisionsnounUS /prəˈvɪʒənz/

a stock or supply of foods

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

pursuednounUS /pərˈsuːd/

a person who is being chased

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

resolutionnounUS /ˌrezəˈluːʃən/

a formal expression by a meeting; agreed to by a vote

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

sailedverbUS /seɪld/

past form of “sail” — traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

seekverbUS /siːk/

try to get or reach

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

SenegalnounUS /ˌsenəˈɡɔːl/

a republic in northwestern Africa on the coast of the Atlantic; formerly a French colony but achieved independence in 1960

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

shipsnounUS /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.

shorenounUS /ʃɔːr/

the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

southwardadverbUS /ˈsaʊθwərd/

toward the south

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

sparinglyadverbUS /ˈsperɪŋli/

to a meager degree or in a meager manner

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

stopverbUS /stɑːp/

come to a halt, stop moving

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading I was once inclined to have gone on shore to them; but Xury was my better counsellor, and said to me, “No go, no go.”

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

twelvenounUS /twelv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

Verde

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black and naked.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading After this stop, we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparingly on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener to the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal, that is to say anywhere about the Cape de Verde, where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek for the islands, or perish there among the negroes.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and, in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship or must perish.

Xury

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I was once inclined to have gone on shore to them; but Xury was my better counsellor, and said to me, “No go, no go.”

Chapter 3 of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe holds 128 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe contain?

Chapter 3 holds 128 sentences of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 128 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe

Common questions about reading The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe?

Yes. All 2262 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #521 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #521, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe take to read?

About 188 minutes of reading across 453 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe section by section

How to work through The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Family
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Though
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Country
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Father
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.