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The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe
The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
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Daniel De Foe was descended from a respectable family in the county of Northampton, and born in London, about the year 1663.
His father, James Foe, was a butcher, in the parish of St. Giles’s, Cripplegate, and a protestant dissenter.
Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.
The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his True-born Englishman.”
After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Daniel De Foe was descended from a respectable family in the county of Northampton, and born in London, about the year 1663.
Line 2
His father, James Foe, was a butcher, in the parish of St. Giles’s, Cripplegate, and a protestant dissenter.
Line 3
Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.
Line 4
The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in hisTrue-born Englishman.”
Line 5
After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

amor noun US /ˈæmər/

(Roman mythology) god of love; counterpart of Greek Eros

dissenter noun US /dɪˈsentər/

a person who dissents from some established policy

From this reading “His father, James Foe, was a butcher, in the parish of St. Giles’s, Cripplegate, and a protestant dissenter.”

memoir noun US /ˈmemwɑːr/

an account of the author's personal experiences

From this reading “Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.”

Northampton noun US /ˌnɔːrˈθæmptən/

the principal city of Northamptonshire

From this reading “Daniel De Foe was descended from a respectable family in the county of Northampton, and born in London, about the year 1663.”

pamphlet noun US /ˈpæmflət/

a small book usually having a paper cover

From this reading “After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.”

prevailing adjective US /prɪˈveɪlɪŋ/

most frequent or common

From this reading “After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.”

scribblers noun US /ˈskrɪblərz/

plural of “scribbler” — informal terms for journalists

From this reading “The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.””

twenty-first adjective US /ˈtwentifɜːrst/

coming next after the twentieth in position

From this reading “After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.”

All words in this reading · 131

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1663

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Daniel De Foe was descended from a respectable family in the county of Northampton, and born in London, about the year 1663.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Daniel De Foe was descended from a respectable family in the county of Northampton, and born in London, about the year 1663.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Daniel De Foe was descended from a respectable family in the county of Northampton, and born in London, about the year 1663.

academynounUS /əˈkæd.ə.mi/

A place of study or training in a special field of knowledge and arts.

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

accusednounUS /əˈkjuːzd/

a defendant in a criminal proceeding

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

additionnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/

a component that is added to something to improve it

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

amornounUS /ˈæmər/

(Roman mythology) god of love; counterpart of Greek Eros

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Daniel De Foe was descended from a respectable family in the county of Northampton, and born in London, about the year 1663.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

ascertainedadjectiveUS /ˌæsərˈteɪnd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.

attackedverbUS /əˈtækt/

past form of “attack” — launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

attainedadjectiveUS /əˈteɪnd/

achieved or reached

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading Daniel De Foe was descended from a respectable family in the county of Northampton, and born in London, about the year 1663.

butcherverbUS /ˈbʊtʃər/

kill (animals) usually for food consumption

From this reading His father, James Foe, was a butcher, in the parish of St. Giles’s, Cripplegate, and a protestant dissenter.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.

careernounUS /kərˈɪr/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

circumstancenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/

a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

commencedverbUS /kəˈmenst/

past form of “commence” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

consequencenounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəns/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

countrymennounUS /ˈkʌntrimɪn/

plural of “countryman” — a man from your own country

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

countynounUS /ˈkaʊnti/

(United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading Daniel De Foe was descended from a respectable family in the county of Northampton, and born in London, about the year 1663.

Cripplegate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His father, James Foe, was a butcher, in the parish of St. Giles’s, Cripplegate, and a protestant dissenter.

DanielnounUS /ˈdænjəl/

(Old Testament) a youth who was taken into the court of Nebuchadnezzar and given divine protection when thrown into a den of lions (6th century BC)

From this reading Daniel De Foe was descended from a respectable family in the county of Northampton, and born in London, about the year 1663.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

DenounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Daniel De Foe was descended from a respectable family in the county of Northampton, and born in London, about the year 1663.

descendedverbUS /dɪˈsendəd/

past form of “descend” — move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading Daniel De Foe was descended from a respectable family in the county of Northampton, and born in London, about the year 1663.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.

dissenternounUS /dɪˈsentər/

a person who dissents from some established policy

From this reading His father, James Foe, was a butcher, in the parish of St. Giles’s, Cripplegate, and a protestant dissenter.

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

EnglishmannounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃmən/

a man who is a native or inhabitant of England

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading Daniel De Foe was descended from a respectable family in the county of Northampton, and born in London, about the year 1663.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading His father, James Foe, was a butcher, in the parish of St. Giles’s, Cripplegate, and a protestant dissenter.

favournounUS /ˈfeɪvər/

a feeling of favorable regard

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

FoenounUS /foʊ/

an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading Daniel De Foe was descended from a respectable family in the county of Northampton, and born in London, about the year 1663.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

foundationnounUS /faʊnˈdeɪʃən/

the basis on which something is grounded

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Daniel De Foe was descended from a respectable family in the county of Northampton, and born in London, about the year 1663.

Giles's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His father, James Foe, was a butcher, in the parish of St. Giles’s, Cripplegate, and a protestant dissenter.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

hazardnounUS /ˈhæzərd/

a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His father, James Foe, was a butcher, in the parish of St. Giles’s, Cripplegate, and a protestant dissenter.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Daniel De Foe was descended from a respectable family in the county of Northampton, and born in London, about the year 1663.

informationnounUS /ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/

a message received and understood

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading His father, James Foe, was a butcher, in the parish of St. Giles’s, Cripplegate, and a protestant dissenter.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

lacknounUS /læk/

the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

layingnounUS /ˈleɪɪŋ/

the production of eggs (especially in birds)

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading Daniel De Foe was descended from a respectable family in the county of Northampton, and born in London, about the year 1663.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

memoirnounUS /ˈmemwɑːr/

an account of the author's personal experiences

From this reading Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.

Newington

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.

NorthamptonnounUS /ˌnɔːrˈθæmptən/

the principal city of Northamptonshire

From this reading Daniel De Foe was descended from a respectable family in the county of Northampton, and born in London, about the year 1663.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Daniel De Foe was descended from a respectable family in the county of Northampton, and born in London, about the year 1663.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

pamphletnounUS /ˈpæmflət/

a small book usually having a paper cover

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

parishnounUS /ˈpærɪʃ/

a local church community

From this reading His father, James Foe, was a butcher, in the parish of St. Giles’s, Cripplegate, and a protestant dissenter.

patriae

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

possessingverbUS /pəˈzesɪŋ/

-ing form of “possess” — have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

prefixed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.

prejudicesnounUS /ˈpredʒədɪsɪz/

plural of “prejudice” — a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

prevailingadjectiveUS /prɪˈveɪlɪŋ/

most frequent or common

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

properadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːpər/

marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

protestantnounUS /ˈprɑːtəstənt/

an adherent of Protestantism

From this reading His father, James Foe, was a butcher, in the parish of St. Giles’s, Cripplegate, and a protestant dissenter.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.

reasonsnounUS /ˈriːzənz/

plural of “reason” — a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.

receivingverbUS /rəˈsiːvɪŋ/

-ing form of “receive” — get something; come into possession of

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

remedynounUS /ˈremədi/

act of correcting an error or a fault or an evil

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

respectableadjectiveUS /rɪˈspektəbəl/

characterized by socially or conventionally acceptable morals

From this reading Daniel De Foe was descended from a respectable family in the county of Northampton, and born in London, about the year 1663.

scribblersnounUS /ˈskrɪblərz/

plural of “scribbler” — informal terms for journalists

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

sentimentnounUS /ˈsentəmənt/

tender, romantic, or nostalgic feeling or emotion

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

siegenounUS /siːdʒ/

the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His father, James Foe, was a butcher, in the parish of St. Giles’s, Cripplegate, and a protestant dissenter.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Daniel De Foe was descended from a respectable family in the county of Northampton, and born in London, about the year 1663.

theught

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.

thothe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.

True-born

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

TurksnounUS /tɜːrks/

plural of “turk” — a native or inhabitant of Turkey

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

twenty-firstadjectiveUS /ˈtwentifɜːrst/

coming next after the twentieth in position

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

utmostadjectiveUS /ˈʌtmoʊst/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

ViennanounUS /viˈenə/

the capital and largest city of Austria; located on the Danube in northeastern Austria; was the home of Beethoven and Brahms and Haydn and Mozart and Schubert and Strauss

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Daniel De Foe was descended from a respectable family in the county of Northampton, and born in London, about the year 1663.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

WhynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Why the subject of this memoir prefixed the _De_ to his family name cannot now be ascertained, nor did he at any period of his life think it necessary to give his reasons to the public.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Daniel De Foe was descended from a respectable family in the county of Northampton, and born in London, about the year 1663.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading After receiving a good education at an academy at Newington, young De Foe, before he had attained his twenty-first year, commenced his career as an author, by writing a pamphlet against a very prevailing sentiment in favour of the Turks who were at that time laying siege to Vienna.

zealnounUS /ziːl/

a feeling of strong eagerness (usually in favor of a person or cause)

From this reading The political scribblers of the day, however, thothe utmost hazard theught proper to remedy this lack of information, and accused him of possessing so little of the _amor patriae_, as to make the addition in order that he might not be taken for an Englishman; though this idea could have had no other foundation than the circumstance of his having, in consequence of his zeal for King William, attacked the prejudices of his countrymen in his “True-born Englishman.”

Chapter 1 of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe holds 412 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe contain?

Chapter 1 holds 412 sentences of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 412 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe

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Is this the complete text of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe?

Yes. All 3800 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12623 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #12623, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe take to read?

About 316 minutes of reading across 760 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Daniel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Descended
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Respectable
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Family
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.