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The Life and Most Surprising Adventures
The Life and Most Surprising Adventures

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures is here in full — 411 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 4/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE LIFE AND ADVENTURES ROBINSON CRUSOE.
I was born at York, in the year 1632, of a reputable family.
My father was a native of Bremen, who by merchandizing at Hull for some time, gained a very plentiful fortune.
He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.
I was the youngest of three brothers.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Life and Most Surprising Adventures

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures is here in full — 411 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 4/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 16–20

Line 1
THE LIFE AND ADVENTURES ROBINSON CRUSOE.
Line 2
I was born at York, in the year 1632, of a reputable family.
Line 3
My father was a native of Bremen, who by merchandizing at Hull for some time, gained a very plentiful fortune.
Line 4
He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.
Line 5
I was the youngest of three brothers.
/aɪ wɑːz ðə ˈjʌŋɡəst ʌv θriː ˈbrʌðərz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adventures noun US /ædˈventʃərz/

plural of “adventure” — a wild and exciting undertaking (not necessarily lawful)

From this reading “THE LIFE AND ADVENTURES ROBINSON CRUSOE.”

Bremen noun US /ˈbremən/

a city of northwestern Germany linked by the Weser River to the port of Bremerhaven and the North Sea; in the Middle Ages it was a leading member of the Hanseatic League

From this reading “My father was a native of Bremen, who by merchandizing at Hull for some time, gained a very plentiful fortune.”

commonly adverb US /ˈkɑːmənli/

under normal conditions

From this reading “He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.”

Hull noun US /hʌl/

dry outer covering of a fruit or seed or nut

From this reading “My father was a native of Bremen, who by merchandizing at Hull for some time, gained a very plentiful fortune.”

plentiful adjective US /ˈplentəfəl/

existing in great number or quantity

From this reading “My father was a native of Bremen, who by merchandizing at Hull for some time, gained a very plentiful fortune.”

reputable adjective US /ˈrepjətəbəl/

having a good reputation

From this reading “I was born at York, in the year 1632, of a reputable family.”

robinson noun US /ˈrɑːbənsən/

English chemist noted for his studies of molecular structures in plants (1886-1975)

From this reading “THE LIFE AND ADVENTURES ROBINSON CRUSOE.”

youngest adjective US /ˈjʌŋɡəst/

superlative of “young” — (used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading “I was the youngest of three brothers.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1632

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I was born at York, in the year 1632, of a reputable family.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I was born at York, in the year 1632, of a reputable family.

ADVENTURESnounUS /ædˈventʃərz/

plural of “adventure” — a wild and exciting undertaking (not necessarily lawful)

From this reading THE LIFE AND ADVENTURES ROBINSON CRUSOE.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE LIFE AND ADVENTURES ROBINSON CRUSOE.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I was born at York, in the year 1632, of a reputable family.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading I was born at York, in the year 1632, of a reputable family.

breathnounUS /breθ/

the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

BremennounUS /ˈbremən/

a city of northwestern Germany linked by the Weser River to the port of Bremerhaven and the North Sea; in the Middle Ages it was a leading member of the Hanseatic League

From this reading My father was a native of Bremen, who by merchandizing at Hull for some time, gained a very plentiful fortune.

brothersnounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading I was the youngest of three brothers.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading My father was a native of Bremen, who by merchandizing at Hull for some time, gained a very plentiful fortune.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

commonlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːmənli/

under normal conditions

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

CRUSOE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LIFE AND ADVENTURES ROBINSON CRUSOE.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading I was born at York, in the year 1632, of a reputable family.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading My father was a native of Bremen, who by merchandizing at Hull for some time, gained a very plentiful fortune.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading My father was a native of Bremen, who by merchandizing at Hull for some time, gained a very plentiful fortune.

fortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading My father was a native of Bremen, who by merchandizing at Hull for some time, gained a very plentiful fortune.

gainedverbUS /ɡeɪnd/

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading My father was a native of Bremen, who by merchandizing at Hull for some time, gained a very plentiful fortune.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

HullnounUS /hʌl/

dry outer covering of a fruit or seed or nut

From this reading My father was a native of Bremen, who by merchandizing at Hull for some time, gained a very plentiful fortune.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I was born at York, in the year 1632, of a reputable family.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I was born at York, in the year 1632, of a reputable family.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

Kreutznaer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

LIFEnounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading THE LIFE AND ADVENTURES ROBINSON CRUSOE.

maidennounUS /ˈmeɪdən/

an unmarried girl (especially a virgin)

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

marriedadjectiveUS /ˈmerid/

joined in matrimony

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

merchandizing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My father was a native of Bremen, who by merchandizing at Hull for some time, gained a very plentiful fortune.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My father was a native of Bremen, who by merchandizing at Hull for some time, gained a very plentiful fortune.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading My father was a native of Bremen, who by merchandizing at Hull for some time, gained a very plentiful fortune.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I was born at York, in the year 1632, of a reputable family.

plentifuladjectiveUS /ˈplentəfəl/

existing in great number or quantity

From this reading My father was a native of Bremen, who by merchandizing at Hull for some time, gained a very plentiful fortune.

pronouncedadjectiveUS /prəˈnaʊnst/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

reputableadjectiveUS /ˈrepjətəbəl/

having a good reputation

From this reading I was born at York, in the year 1632, of a reputable family.

ROBINSONnounUS /ˈrɑːbənsən/

English chemist noted for his studies of molecular structures in plants (1886-1975)

From this reading THE LIFE AND ADVENTURES ROBINSON CRUSOE.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading My father was a native of Bremen, who by merchandizing at Hull for some time, gained a very plentiful fortune.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE LIFE AND ADVENTURES ROBINSON CRUSOE.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading I was the youngest of three brothers.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading My father was a native of Bremen, who by merchandizing at Hull for some time, gained a very plentiful fortune.

tonguenounUS /tʌŋ/

a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading My father was a native of Bremen, who by merchandizing at Hull for some time, gained a very plentiful fortune.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I was born at York, in the year 1632, of a reputable family.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He married my mother at York, who received her first breath in that country: and as her maiden name was Robinson, I was called _Robinson Kreutznaer_: which not being easily pronounced in the English tongue, we are commonly known by the name of Crusoe.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading My father was a native of Bremen, who by merchandizing at Hull for some time, gained a very plentiful fortune.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading I was born at York, in the year 1632, of a reputable family.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading I was born at York, in the year 1632, of a reputable family.

youngestadjectiveUS /ˈjʌŋɡəst/

superlative of “young” — (used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading I was the youngest of three brothers.

Chapter 1 of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures by Daniel Defoe holds 411 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures contain?

Chapter 1 holds 411 sentences of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures by Daniel Defoe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 411 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Life and Most Surprising Adventures

Common questions about reading The Life and Most Surprising Adventures by Daniel Defoe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures?

Yes. All 2877 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11866 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11866, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Life and Most Surprising Adventures take to read?

About 239 minutes of reading across 576 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Life and Most Surprising Adventures section by section

How to work through The Life and Most Surprising Adventures section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Life and Most Surprising Adventures

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Life and Most Surprising Adventures, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Editorial
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Notes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Daniel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Defoe's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.