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The Life and Most Surprising Adventures
The Life and Most Surprising Adventures

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures is here in full — 411 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Life and Most Surprising Adventures
Context Illustration Reading 63/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.
It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.
E V I L I am cast upon a desolate island, having no hopes, no prospects of a welcome deliverance.
Thus miserably am I singled out from the enjoyment or company of all mankind.
Like an hermit (rather should I say a lonely anchorite) am I forced from human conversation.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Life and Most Surprising Adventures

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures is here in full — 411 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 63/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 311–315

Line 1
My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.
Line 2
It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.
/ɪt wɑːz ə jɪr bɪˈfɔːr aɪ ˈfɪnɪʃt maɪ ˈlɪtəl ˈbʊlwərk ənd ˈhævɪŋ sʌm ˈɪntərvəlz ʌv ˌriːlækˈseɪʃən ˈæftər maɪ ˈdeɪli ˈwɑːndərɪŋ əˈbrɔːd fɔːr prəˈvɪʒən aɪ druː ʌp ðɪs plæn ˈɔːltərnətli æz ˈkredətər ənd ˈdetər tuː riˈmaɪnd miː ʌv ðə ˈmɪzəriz ənd ˈblesɪŋz ʌv maɪ laɪf ˈʌndər soʊ ˈmeni ˈveriəs ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/
Line 3
E V I L I am cast upon a desolate island, having no hopes, no prospects of a welcome deliverance.
/iː viː aɪ el aɪ æm kæst əˈpɑːn ə ˈdesələt ˈaɪlənd ˈhævɪŋ noʊ hoʊps noʊ ˈprɑːspekts ʌv ə ˈwelkəm dɪˈlɪvərəns/
Line 4
Thus miserably am I singled out from the enjoyment or company of all mankind.
/ðʌs ˈmɪzərəbli æm aɪ ˈsɪŋɡəld aʊt frʌm ðə ˌenˈdʒɔɪmənt ɔːr ˈkʌmpəniː ʌv ɔːl ˈmænˈkaɪnd/
Line 5
Like an hermit (rather should I say a lonely anchorite) am I forced from human conversation.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bulwark noun US /ˈbʊlwərk/

an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes

From this reading “It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.”

creditor noun US /ˈkredətər/

a person to whom money is owed by a debtor; someone to whom an obligation exists

From this reading “It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.”

debtor noun US /ˈdetər/

a person who owes a creditor; someone who has the obligation of paying a debt

From this reading “It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.”

needles noun US /ˈniːdəlz/

plural of “needle” — the leaf of a conifer

From this reading “My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.”

relaxation noun US /ˌriːlækˈseɪʃən/

(physiology) the gradual lengthening of inactive muscle or muscle fibers

From this reading “It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.”

shovel noun US /ˈʃʌvəl/

a hand tool for lifting loose material; consists of a curved container or scoop and a handle

From this reading “My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.”

singled verb US /ˈsɪŋɡəld/

past form of “single” — hit a single

From this reading “Thus miserably am I singled out from the enjoyment or company of all mankind.”

spade noun US /speɪd/

a playing card in the major suit that has one or more black figures on it

From this reading “My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

abroadadverbUS /əˈbrɔːd/

to or in a foreign country

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Thus miserably am I singled out from the enjoyment or company of all mankind.

alternatelyadverbUS /ˈɔːltərnətli/

in an alternating sequence or position

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading E V I L I am cast upon a desolate island, having no hopes, no prospects of a welcome deliverance.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Like an hermit (rather should I say a lonely anchorite) am I forced from human conversation.

anchoritenoun

one retired from society for religious reasons

From this reading Like an hermit (rather should I say a lonely anchorite) am I forced from human conversation.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

blessingsnounUS /ˈblesɪŋz/

plural of “blessing” — the formal act of approving

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

bulwarknounUS /ˈbʊlwərk/

an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading E V I L I am cast upon a desolate island, having no hopes, no prospects of a welcome deliverance.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

clothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading Thus miserably am I singled out from the enjoyment or company of all mankind.

conversationnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/

the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading Like an hermit (rather should I say a lonely anchorite) am I forced from human conversation.

creditornounUS /ˈkredətər/

a person to whom money is owed by a debtor; someone to whom an obligation exists

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

dailyadverbUS /ˈdeɪli/

every day; without missing a day

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

debtornounUS /ˈdetər/

a person who owes a creditor; someone who has the obligation of paying a debt

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

deliverancenounUS /dɪˈlɪvərəns/

recovery or preservation from loss or danger

From this reading E V I L I am cast upon a desolate island, having no hopes, no prospects of a welcome deliverance.

desolateadjectiveUS /ˈdesələt/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading E V I L I am cast upon a desolate island, having no hopes, no prospects of a welcome deliverance.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

EnounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading E V I L I am cast upon a desolate island, having no hopes, no prospects of a welcome deliverance.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

enjoymentnounUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪmənt/

the pleasure felt when having a good time

From this reading Thus miserably am I singled out from the enjoyment or company of all mankind.

finishedadjectiveUS /ˈfɪnɪʃt/

(of materials or goods) brought to the desired final state

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading Like an hermit (rather should I say a lonely anchorite) am I forced from human conversation.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Thus miserably am I singled out from the enjoyment or company of all mankind.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

hermitnounUS /ˈhɜːrmət/

one retired from society for religious reasons

From this reading Like an hermit (rather should I say a lonely anchorite) am I forced from human conversation.

hopesnounUS /hoʊps/

plural of “hope” — a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading E V I L I am cast upon a desolate island, having no hopes, no prospects of a welcome deliverance.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading Like an hermit (rather should I say a lonely anchorite) am I forced from human conversation.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

inknounUS /ɪŋk/

a liquid used for printing or writing or drawing

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

intervalsnounUS /ˈɪntərvəlz/

plural of “interval” — a definite length of time marked off by two instants

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

islandnounUS /ˈaɪlənd/

a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading E V I L I am cast upon a desolate island, having no hopes, no prospects of a welcome deliverance.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

LnounUS /el/

a metric unit of capacity, formerly defined as the volume of one kilogram of pure water under standard conditions; now equal to 1,000 cubic centimeters (or approximately 1.75 pints)

From this reading E V I L I am cast upon a desolate island, having no hopes, no prospects of a welcome deliverance.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

LikeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Like an hermit (rather should I say a lonely anchorite) am I forced from human conversation.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

lonelyadjectiveUS /ˈloʊnli/

lacking companions or companionship

From this reading Like an hermit (rather should I say a lonely anchorite) am I forced from human conversation.

mankindnounUS /ˈmænˈkaɪnd/

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading Thus miserably am I singled out from the enjoyment or company of all mankind.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

mendverbUS /mend/

restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

miserablyadverbUS /ˈmɪzərəbli/

in a miserable manner

From this reading Thus miserably am I singled out from the enjoyment or company of all mankind.

miseriesnounUS /ˈmɪzəriz/

plural of “misery” — a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

needlesnounUS /ˈniːdəlz/

plural of “needle” — the leaf of a conifer

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading E V I L I am cast upon a desolate island, having no hopes, no prospects of a welcome deliverance.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Thus miserably am I singled out from the enjoyment or company of all mankind.

particularlyadverbUS /ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

pickaxnoun

a heavy iron tool with a wooden handle and a curved head that is pointed on both ends

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

pinsnounUS /pɪnz/

plural of “pin” — a piece of jewelry that is pinned onto the wearer's garment

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

planverbUS /plæn/

have the will and intention to carry out some action

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

prospectsnounUS /ˈprɑːspekts/

plural of “prospect” — the possibility of future success

From this reading E V I L I am cast upon a desolate island, having no hopes, no prospects of a welcome deliverance.

provisionnounUS /prəˈvɪʒən/

a stipulated condition

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading Like an hermit (rather should I say a lonely anchorite) am I forced from human conversation.

relaxationnounUS /ˌriːlækˈseɪʃən/

(physiology) the gradual lengthening of inactive muscle or muscle fibers

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

remindverbUS /riˈmaɪnd/

put in the mind of someone

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

removeverbUS /riˈmuːv/

remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Like an hermit (rather should I say a lonely anchorite) am I forced from human conversation.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Like an hermit (rather should I say a lonely anchorite) am I forced from human conversation.

shovelnounUS /ˈʃʌvəl/

a hand tool for lifting loose material; consists of a curved container or scoop and a handle

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

singledverbUS /ˈsɪŋɡəld/

past form of “single” — hit a single

From this reading Thus miserably am I singled out from the enjoyment or company of all mankind.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

spadenounUS /speɪd/

a playing card in the major suit that has one or more black figures on it

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

threadverbUS /θred/

to move or cause to move in a sinuous, spiral, or circular course

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

ThusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Thus miserably am I singled out from the enjoyment or company of all mankind.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading E V I L I am cast upon a desolate island, having no hopes, no prospects of a welcome deliverance.

VnounUS /viː/

a unit of potential equal to the potential difference between two points on a conductor carrying a current of 1 ampere when the power dissipated between the two points is 1 watt

From this reading E V I L I am cast upon a desolate island, having no hopes, no prospects of a welcome deliverance.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

wanderingadjectiveUS /ˈwɑːndərɪŋ/

migratory

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

wantedadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːntɪd/

desired or wished for or sought

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

wastingnounUS /ˈweɪstɪŋ/

any general reduction in vitality and strength of body and mind resulting from a debilitating chronic disease

From this reading My ink was daily wasting; I wanted needles, pins, and thread to mend or keep my clothes together; and particularly a spade, pickax, or shovel, to remove the earth.

welcomeverbUS /ˈwelkəm/

accept gladly

From this reading E V I L I am cast upon a desolate island, having no hopes, no prospects of a welcome deliverance.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading It was a year before I finished my little bulwark; and having some intervals of relaxation, after my daily wandering abroad for provision, I drew up this plan, alternately, as creditor and debtor, to remind me of the miseries and blessings of my life, under so many various circumstances.

Chapter 1 of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures by Daniel Defoe holds 411 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures contain?

Chapter 1 holds 411 sentences of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures by Daniel Defoe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 411 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Life and Most Surprising Adventures

Common questions about reading The Life and Most Surprising Adventures by Daniel Defoe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures?

Yes. All 2877 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11866 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11866, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Life and Most Surprising Adventures take to read?

About 239 minutes of reading across 576 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Life and Most Surprising Adventures section by section

How to work through The Life and Most Surprising Adventures section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 7 chapters of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Life and Most Surprising Adventures

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Life and Most Surprising Adventures, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Editorial
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Notes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Daniel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Defoe's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.