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The Life and Most Surprising Adventures
The Life and Most Surprising Adventures

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures is here in full — 411 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Life and Most Surprising Adventures
Context Illustration Reading 78/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Iron crows I caused to supply the place of the first; but with all my art I could not make a wheel-barrow.
_Nov._ 18.
It was my fortune to find a tree, resembling what Brazilians call an iron tree.
I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.
_Nov._ 21.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Life and Most Surprising Adventures

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures is here in full — 411 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 78/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 386–390

Line 1
Iron crows I caused to supply the place of the first; but with all my art I could not make a wheel-barrow.
Line 2
_Nov._ 18.
Line 3
It was my fortune to find a tree, resembling what Brazilians call an iron tree.
/ɪt wɑːz maɪ ˈfɔːrtʃən tuː faɪnd ə triː rɪˈzembəlɪŋ wʌt brəˈzɪljənz kɔːl æn ˈaɪərn triː/
Line 4
I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.
/aɪ hæd laɪk tuː hæv spɔɪld maɪ æks wɪð ˈkʌtɪŋ ɪt ˈbiːɪŋ ˈveri hɑːrd ənd ɪkˈsiːdɪŋli ˈhevi jet wɪð mʌtʃ ˈleɪbər ˈɪndəstri aɪ meɪd ə sɔːrt ʌv ə speɪd aʊt ʌv ɪt/
Line 5
_Nov._ 21.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Brazilians noun US /brəˈzɪljənz/

plural of “brazilian” — a native or inhabitant of Brazil

From this reading “It was my fortune to find a tree, resembling what Brazilians call an iron tree.”

crows noun US /kroʊz/

plural of “crow” — black birds having a raucous call

From this reading “Iron crows I caused to supply the place of the first; but with all my art I could not make a wheel-barrow.”

cutting noun US /ˈkʌtɪŋ/

the activity of selecting the scenes to be shown and putting them together to create a film

From this reading “I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.”

industry noun US /ˈɪndəstri/

the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise

From this reading “I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.”

Nov noun US /noʊv/

the month following October and preceding December

resembling verb US /rɪˈzembəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “resemble” — appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to

From this reading “It was my fortune to find a tree, resembling what Brazilians call an iron tree.”

spade noun US /speɪd/

a playing card in the major suit that has one or more black figures on it

From this reading “I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.”

spoiled adjective US /spɔɪld/

having the character or disposition harmed by pampering or oversolicitous attention

From this reading “I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.”

All words in this reading · 53

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

18

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Nov._ 18.

21

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Nov._ 21.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Iron crows I caused to supply the place of the first; but with all my art I could not make a wheel-barrow.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Iron crows I caused to supply the place of the first; but with all my art I could not make a wheel-barrow.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was my fortune to find a tree, resembling what Brazilians call an iron tree.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading Iron crows I caused to supply the place of the first; but with all my art I could not make a wheel-barrow.

axnounUS /æks/

an edge tool with a heavy bladed head mounted across a handle

From this reading I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.

BraziliansnounUS /brəˈzɪljənz/

plural of “brazilian” — a native or inhabitant of Brazil

From this reading It was my fortune to find a tree, resembling what Brazilians call an iron tree.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Iron crows I caused to supply the place of the first; but with all my art I could not make a wheel-barrow.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading It was my fortune to find a tree, resembling what Brazilians call an iron tree.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading Iron crows I caused to supply the place of the first; but with all my art I could not make a wheel-barrow.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Iron crows I caused to supply the place of the first; but with all my art I could not make a wheel-barrow.

crowsnounUS /kroʊz/

plural of “crow” — black birds having a raucous call

From this reading Iron crows I caused to supply the place of the first; but with all my art I could not make a wheel-barrow.

cuttingnounUS /ˈkʌtɪŋ/

the activity of selecting the scenes to be shown and putting them together to create a film

From this reading I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.

exceedinglyadverbUS /ɪkˈsiːdɪŋli/

to an extreme degree

From this reading I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading It was my fortune to find a tree, resembling what Brazilians call an iron tree.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Iron crows I caused to supply the place of the first; but with all my art I could not make a wheel-barrow.

fortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading It was my fortune to find a tree, resembling what Brazilians call an iron tree.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Iron crows I caused to supply the place of the first; but with all my art I could not make a wheel-barrow.

industrynounUS /ˈɪndəstri/

the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise

From this reading I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.

IronnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading Iron crows I caused to supply the place of the first; but with all my art I could not make a wheel-barrow.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was my fortune to find a tree, resembling what Brazilians call an iron tree.

labournounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Iron crows I caused to supply the place of the first; but with all my art I could not make a wheel-barrow.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Iron crows I caused to supply the place of the first; but with all my art I could not make a wheel-barrow.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Iron crows I caused to supply the place of the first; but with all my art I could not make a wheel-barrow.

NovnounUS /noʊv/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading _Nov._ 18.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Iron crows I caused to supply the place of the first; but with all my art I could not make a wheel-barrow.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Iron crows I caused to supply the place of the first; but with all my art I could not make a wheel-barrow.

resemblingverbUS /rɪˈzembəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “resemble” — appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to

From this reading It was my fortune to find a tree, resembling what Brazilians call an iron tree.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.

spadenounUS /speɪd/

a playing card in the major suit that has one or more black figures on it

From this reading I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.

spoiledadjectiveUS /spɔɪld/

having the character or disposition harmed by pampering or oversolicitous attention

From this reading I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.

supplyverbUS /səˈplaɪ/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading Iron crows I caused to supply the place of the first; but with all my art I could not make a wheel-barrow.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Iron crows I caused to supply the place of the first; but with all my art I could not make a wheel-barrow.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Iron crows I caused to supply the place of the first; but with all my art I could not make a wheel-barrow.

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading It was my fortune to find a tree, resembling what Brazilians call an iron tree.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was my fortune to find a tree, resembling what Brazilians call an iron tree.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading It was my fortune to find a tree, resembling what Brazilians call an iron tree.

wheel-barrow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Iron crows I caused to supply the place of the first; but with all my art I could not make a wheel-barrow.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Iron crows I caused to supply the place of the first; but with all my art I could not make a wheel-barrow.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading I had like to have spoiled my ax with cutting it, being very hard and exceedingly heavy; yet with much labour & industry, I made a sort of a spade out of it.

Chapter 1 of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures by Daniel Defoe holds 411 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures contain?

Chapter 1 holds 411 sentences of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures by Daniel Defoe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 411 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Life and Most Surprising Adventures

Common questions about reading The Life and Most Surprising Adventures by Daniel Defoe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures?

Yes. All 2877 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11866 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11866, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Life and Most Surprising Adventures take to read?

About 239 minutes of reading across 576 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Life and Most Surprising Adventures section by section

How to work through The Life and Most Surprising Adventures section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Life and Most Surprising Adventures

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Life and Most Surprising Adventures, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Editorial
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Notes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Daniel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Defoe's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.