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The Life and Most Surprising Adventures
The Life and Most Surprising Adventures

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures is here in full — 409 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
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I next gave him a very particular description of the territories of Europe, and in a particular manner of Old England, the place of my nativity.
I laid, before him the manner of our worshipping God, our behaviour one to another, and how we trade in ships to every part of the universe.
I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.
I observed my man Friday to view this boat with uncommon curiosity; which, when he had done, he stood pondering a great while, and said nothing.
At last, said I, "Friday, what makes you ponder so much?"
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Life and Most Surprising Adventures

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures is here in full — 409 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I next gave him a very particular description of the territories of Europe, and in a particular manner of Old England, the place of my nativity.
/aɪ nekst ɡeɪv hɪm ə ˈveri pərˈtɪkjələr dɪˈskrɪpʃən ʌv ðə ˈterətɔːriz ʌv ˈjʊrəp ənd ɪn ə pərˈtɪkjələr ˈmænər ʌv oʊld ˈɪŋɡlənd ðə pleɪs ʌv maɪ nəˈtɪvəti/
Line 2
I laid, before him the manner of our worshipping God, our behaviour one to another, and how we trade in ships to every part of the universe.
Line 3
I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.
Line 4
I observed my man Friday to view this boat with uncommon curiosity; which, when he had done, he stood pondering a great while, and said nothing.
/aɪ əbˈzɜːrvd maɪ mæn ˈfraɪdi tuː vjuː ðɪs boʊt wɪð ənˈkɑːmən ˌkjʊriˈɑːsəti wɪtʃ wen hiː hæd dʌn hiː stʊd ˈpɑːndərɪŋ ə ɡreɪt waɪl ənd sed ˈnʌθɪŋ/
Line 5
At last, said I, "Friday, what makes you ponder so much?"
/æt læst sed aɪ ˈfraɪdi wʌt meɪks juː ˈpɑːndər soʊ mʌtʃ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

misfortunes noun US /mɪˈsfɔːrtʃənz/

plural of “misfortune” — unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event

From this reading “I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.”

nativity noun US /nəˈtɪvəti/

the event of being born

From this reading “I next gave him a very particular description of the territories of Europe, and in a particular manner of Old England, the place of my nativity.”

ponder verb US /ˈpɑːndər/

reflect deeply on a subject

From this reading “At last, said I, "Friday, what makes you ponder so much?"”

pondering adjective US /ˈpɑːndərɪŋ/

deeply or seriously thoughtful

From this reading “I observed my man Friday to view this boat with uncommon curiosity; which, when he had done, he stood pondering a great while, and said nothing.”

rotten adjective US /ˈrɑːtən/

very bad

From this reading “I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.”

territories noun US /ˈterətɔːriz/

plural of “territory” — a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading “I next gave him a very particular description of the territories of Europe, and in a particular manner of Old England, the place of my nativity.”

uncommon adjective US /ənˈkɑːmən/

not common or ordinarily encountered; unusually great in amount or remarkable in character or kind

From this reading “I observed my man Friday to view this boat with uncommon curiosity; which, when he had done, he stood pondering a great while, and said nothing.”

worshipping verb US /ˈwɜːrʃəpɪŋ/

inflected form of “worship” — love unquestioningly and uncritically or to excess; venerate as an idol

From this reading “I laid, before him the manner of our worshipping God, our behaviour one to another, and how we trade in ships to every part of the universe.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I next gave him a very particular description of the territories of Europe, and in a particular manner of Old England, the place of my nativity.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I next gave him a very particular description of the territories of Europe, and in a particular manner of Old England, the place of my nativity.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading I laid, before him the manner of our worshipping God, our behaviour one to another, and how we trade in ships to every part of the universe.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At last, said I, "Friday, what makes you ponder so much?"

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading I laid, before him the manner of our worshipping God, our behaviour one to another, and how we trade in ships to every part of the universe.

behaviournounUS /bɪˈheɪvjər/

the action or reaction of something (as a machine or substance) under specified circumstances

From this reading I laid, before him the manner of our worshipping God, our behaviour one to another, and how we trade in ships to every part of the universe.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

boatnounUS /boʊt/

a small vessel for travel on water

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

curiositynounUS /ˌkjʊriˈɑːsəti/

a state in which you want to learn more about something

From this reading I observed my man Friday to view this boat with uncommon curiosity; which, when he had done, he stood pondering a great while, and said nothing.

descriptionnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃən/

a statement that represents something in words

From this reading I next gave him a very particular description of the territories of Europe, and in a particular manner of Old England, the place of my nativity.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading I observed my man Friday to view this boat with uncommon curiosity; which, when he had done, he stood pondering a great while, and said nothing.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading I next gave him a very particular description of the territories of Europe, and in a particular manner of Old England, the place of my nativity.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading I next gave him a very particular description of the territories of Europe, and in a particular manner of Old England, the place of my nativity.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading I laid, before him the manner of our worshipping God, our behaviour one to another, and how we trade in ships to every part of the universe.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

FridaynounUS /ˈfraɪdi/

the sixth day of the week; the fifth working day

From this reading I observed my man Friday to view this boat with uncommon curiosity; which, when he had done, he stood pondering a great while, and said nothing.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading I next gave him a very particular description of the territories of Europe, and in a particular manner of Old England, the place of my nativity.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading I laid, before him the manner of our worshipping God, our behaviour one to another, and how we trade in ships to every part of the universe.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading I observed my man Friday to view this boat with uncommon curiosity; which, when he had done, he stood pondering a great while, and said nothing.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I observed my man Friday to view this boat with uncommon curiosity; which, when he had done, he stood pondering a great while, and said nothing.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I next gave him a very particular description of the territories of Europe, and in a particular manner of Old England, the place of my nativity.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I laid, before him the manner of our worshipping God, our behaviour one to another, and how we trade in ships to every part of the universe.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I next gave him a very particular description of the territories of Europe, and in a particular manner of Old England, the place of my nativity.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I next gave him a very particular description of the territories of Europe, and in a particular manner of Old England, the place of my nativity.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading I laid, before him the manner of our worshipping God, our behaviour one to another, and how we trade in ships to every part of the universe.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading At last, said I, "Friday, what makes you ponder so much?"

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading At last, said I, "Friday, what makes you ponder so much?"

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading I observed my man Friday to view this boat with uncommon curiosity; which, when he had done, he stood pondering a great while, and said nothing.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading I next gave him a very particular description of the territories of Europe, and in a particular manner of Old England, the place of my nativity.

misfortunesnounUS /mɪˈsfɔːrtʃənz/

plural of “misfortune” — unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

moveverbUS /muːv/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading At last, said I, "Friday, what makes you ponder so much?"

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I next gave him a very particular description of the territories of Europe, and in a particular manner of Old England, the place of my nativity.

nativitynounUS /nəˈtɪvəti/

the event of being born

From this reading I next gave him a very particular description of the territories of Europe, and in a particular manner of Old England, the place of my nativity.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading I next gave him a very particular description of the territories of Europe, and in a particular manner of Old England, the place of my nativity.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading I observed my man Friday to view this boat with uncommon curiosity; which, when he had done, he stood pondering a great while, and said nothing.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

observedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading I observed my man Friday to view this boat with uncommon curiosity; which, when he had done, he stood pondering a great while, and said nothing.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I next gave him a very particular description of the territories of Europe, and in a particular manner of Old England, the place of my nativity.

OldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading I next gave him a very particular description of the territories of Europe, and in a particular manner of Old England, the place of my nativity.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading I laid, before him the manner of our worshipping God, our behaviour one to another, and how we trade in ships to every part of the universe.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading I laid, before him the manner of our worshipping God, our behaviour one to another, and how we trade in ships to every part of the universe.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading I laid, before him the manner of our worshipping God, our behaviour one to another, and how we trade in ships to every part of the universe.

particularadjectiveUS /pərˈtɪkjələr/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading I next gave him a very particular description of the territories of Europe, and in a particular manner of Old England, the place of my nativity.

piecesnounUS /ˈpiːsəz/

plural of “piece” — a separate part of a whole

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading I next gave him a very particular description of the territories of Europe, and in a particular manner of Old England, the place of my nativity.

ponderverbUS /ˈpɑːndər/

reflect deeply on a subject

From this reading At last, said I, "Friday, what makes you ponder so much?"

ponderingadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːndərɪŋ/

deeply or seriously thoughtful

From this reading I observed my man Friday to view this boat with uncommon curiosity; which, when he had done, he stood pondering a great while, and said nothing.

rottenadjectiveUS /ˈrɑːtən/

very bad

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

ruinsnounUS /ˈruːənz/

plural of “ruin” — an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading I observed my man Friday to view this boat with uncommon curiosity; which, when he had done, he stood pondering a great while, and said nothing.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

shipsnounUS /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading I laid, before him the manner of our worshipping God, our behaviour one to another, and how we trade in ships to every part of the universe.

shipwrecked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

showingnounUS /ˈʃoʊɪŋ/

the display of a motion picture

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading At last, said I, "Friday, what makes you ponder so much?"

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading I observed my man Friday to view this boat with uncommon curiosity; which, when he had done, he stood pondering a great while, and said nothing.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

territoriesnounUS /ˈterətɔːriz/

plural of “territory” — a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading I next gave him a very particular description of the territories of Europe, and in a particular manner of Old England, the place of my nativity.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I next gave him a very particular description of the territories of Europe, and in a particular manner of Old England, the place of my nativity.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I observed my man Friday to view this boat with uncommon curiosity; which, when he had done, he stood pondering a great while, and said nothing.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I laid, before him the manner of our worshipping God, our behaviour one to another, and how we trade in ships to every part of the universe.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading I laid, before him the manner of our worshipping God, our behaviour one to another, and how we trade in ships to every part of the universe.

uncommonadjectiveUS /ənˈkɑːmən/

not common or ordinarily encountered; unusually great in amount or remarkable in character or kind

From this reading I observed my man Friday to view this boat with uncommon curiosity; which, when he had done, he stood pondering a great while, and said nothing.

universenounUS /ˈjuːnəvɜːrs/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading I laid, before him the manner of our worshipping God, our behaviour one to another, and how we trade in ships to every part of the universe.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading I next gave him a very particular description of the territories of Europe, and in a particular manner of Old England, the place of my nativity.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading I observed my man Friday to view this boat with uncommon curiosity; which, when he had done, he stood pondering a great while, and said nothing.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading I laid, before him the manner of our worshipping God, our behaviour one to another, and how we trade in ships to every part of the universe.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading At last, said I, "Friday, what makes you ponder so much?"

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading I observed my man Friday to view this boat with uncommon curiosity; which, when he had done, he stood pondering a great while, and said nothing.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading I observed my man Friday to view this boat with uncommon curiosity; which, when he had done, he stood pondering a great while, and said nothing.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading I then told him my misfortunes in being shipwrecked, showing him, as near as I could the place where the ship lay, which had been gone long before; but I brought him to the ruins of my boat which before my whole strength could not move, but now was a most rotten, and fallen to pieces.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I observed my man Friday to view this boat with uncommon curiosity; which, when he had done, he stood pondering a great while, and said nothing.

worshippingverbUS /ˈwɜːrʃəpɪŋ/

inflected form of “worship” — love unquestioningly and uncritically or to excess; venerate as an idol

From this reading I laid, before him the manner of our worshipping God, our behaviour one to another, and how we trade in ships to every part of the universe.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading At last, said I, "Friday, what makes you ponder so much?"

Chapter 4 of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures by Daniel Defoe holds 409 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures contain?

Chapter 4 holds 409 sentences of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures by Daniel Defoe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 409 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Life and Most Surprising Adventures

Common questions about reading The Life and Most Surprising Adventures by Daniel Defoe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures?

Yes. All 2877 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11866 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11866, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Life and Most Surprising Adventures take to read?

About 239 minutes of reading across 576 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Life and Most Surprising Adventures section by section

How to work through The Life and Most Surprising Adventures section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Life and Most Surprising Adventures

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Life and Most Surprising Adventures, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Editorial
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Notes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Daniel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Defoe's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life and Most Surprising Adventures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.