Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young
The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young is here in full — 101 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young
Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ANTIETAM, VICKSBURG, GETTYSBURG.
It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.
What was called “The Pen-in-su-lar Cam-paign” made a start ’twixt the York Riv-er and the James Riv-er, on land which forms a pen-in-su-la.
Here through the spring and sum-mer of 1862, Mc-Clel-lan held large for-ces.
There was much fight-ing, and at one time the Un-ion for-ces were with-in eight miles of Rich-mond, but in the end they had to fall back and with-draw from the Pen-in-su-la.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young is here in full — 101 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ANTIETAM, VICKSBURG, GETTYSBURG.
Line 2
It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.
Line 3
What was called “The Pen-in-su-lar Cam-paign” made a start ’twixt the York Riv-er and the James Riv-er, on land which forms a pen-in-su-la.
Line 4
Here through the spring and sum-mer of 1862, Mc-Clel-lan held large for-ces.
Line 5
There was much fight-ing, and at one time the Un-ion for-ces were with-in eight miles of Rich-mond, but in the end they had to fall back and with-draw from the Pen-in-su-la.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

East noun US /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading “It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.”

foe noun US /foʊ/

an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading “It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.”

forms noun US /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading “What was called “The Pen-in-su-lar Cam-paign” made a start ’twixt the York Riv-er and the James Riv-er, on land which forms a pen-in-su-la.”

gettysburg noun US /ˈɡetizbərɡ/

a small town in southern Pennsylvania; site of a national cemetery

From this reading “ANTIETAM, VICKSBURG, GETTYSBURG.”

James noun US /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading “What was called “The Pen-in-su-lar Cam-paign” made a start ’twixt the York Riv-er and the James Riv-er, on land which forms a pen-in-su-la.”

strokes noun US /stroʊks/

plural of “stroke” — (sports) the act of swinging or striking at a ball with a club or racket or bat or cue or hand

From this reading “It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.”

troops noun US /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading “It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.”

vicksburg noun US /ˈvɪksbərɡ/

a town in western Mississippi on bluffs above the Mississippi River to the west of Jackson

From this reading “ANTIETAM, VICKSBURG, GETTYSBURG.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

eight miles adjective + noun counted as “eight mile”

In this reading “There was much fight-ing, and at one time the Un-ion for-ces were with-in eight miles of Rich-mond, but in the end they had to fall back and with-draw from the Pen-in-su-la.”

fall back verb + particle

fall backwards and down

In this reading “There was much fight-ing, and at one time the Un-ion for-ces were with-in eight miles of Rich-mond, but in the end they had to fall back and with-draw from the Pen-in-su-la.”

put down verb + adjective

cause to sit or seat or be in a settled position or place

In this reading “It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.”

in the West preposition + article + noun counted as “in … west”

In this reading “It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.”

All words in this reading · 87

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1862

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here through the spring and sum-mer of 1862, Mc-Clel-lan held large for-ces.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

ANTIETAM

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ANTIETAM, VICKSBURG, GETTYSBURG.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading There was much fight-ing, and at one time the Un-ion for-ces were with-in eight miles of Rich-mond, but in the end they had to fall back and with-draw from the Pen-in-su-la.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading There was much fight-ing, and at one time the Un-ion for-ces were with-in eight miles of Rich-mond, but in the end they had to fall back and with-draw from the Pen-in-su-la.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading There was much fight-ing, and at one time the Un-ion for-ces were with-in eight miles of Rich-mond, but in the end they had to fall back and with-draw from the Pen-in-su-la.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading What was called “The Pen-in-su-lar Cam-paign” made a start ’twixt the York Riv-er and the James Riv-er, on land which forms a pen-in-su-la.

Cam-paign

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What was called “The Pen-in-su-lar Cam-paign” made a start ’twixt the York Riv-er and the James Riv-er, on land which forms a pen-in-su-la.

chancenounUS /tʃæns/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

EastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

eightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading There was much fight-ing, and at one time the Un-ion for-ces were with-in eight miles of Rich-mond, but in the end they had to fall back and with-draw from the Pen-in-su-la.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading There was much fight-ing, and at one time the Un-ion for-ces were with-in eight miles of Rich-mond, but in the end they had to fall back and with-draw from the Pen-in-su-la.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading There was much fight-ing, and at one time the Un-ion for-ces were with-in eight miles of Rich-mond, but in the end they had to fall back and with-draw from the Pen-in-su-la.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

fight-ing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was much fight-ing, and at one time the Un-ion for-ces were with-in eight miles of Rich-mond, but in the end they had to fall back and with-draw from the Pen-in-su-la.

foenounUS /foʊ/

an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

for-ces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here through the spring and sum-mer of 1862, Mc-Clel-lan held large for-ces.

formsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading What was called “The Pen-in-su-lar Cam-paign” made a start ’twixt the York Riv-er and the James Riv-er, on land which forms a pen-in-su-la.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading There was much fight-ing, and at one time the Un-ion for-ces were with-in eight miles of Rich-mond, but in the end they had to fall back and with-draw from the Pen-in-su-la.

GETTYSBURGnounUS /ˈɡetizbərɡ/

a small town in southern Pennsylvania; site of a national cemetery

From this reading ANTIETAM, VICKSBURG, GETTYSBURG.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading Here through the spring and sum-mer of 1862, Mc-Clel-lan held large for-ces.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here through the spring and sum-mer of 1862, Mc-Clel-lan held large for-ces.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading What was called “The Pen-in-su-lar Cam-paign” made a start ’twixt the York Riv-er and the James Riv-er, on land which forms a pen-in-su-la.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading What was called “The Pen-in-su-lar Cam-paign” made a start ’twixt the York Riv-er and the James Riv-er, on land which forms a pen-in-su-la.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Here through the spring and sum-mer of 1862, Mc-Clel-lan held large for-ces.

lead-ers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

Mc-Clel-lan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here through the spring and sum-mer of 1862, Mc-Clel-lan held large for-ces.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading There was much fight-ing, and at one time the Un-ion for-ces were with-in eight miles of Rich-mond, but in the end they had to fall back and with-draw from the Pen-in-su-la.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading There was much fight-ing, and at one time the Un-ion for-ces were with-in eight miles of Rich-mond, but in the end they had to fall back and with-draw from the Pen-in-su-la.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Here through the spring and sum-mer of 1862, Mc-Clel-lan held large for-ces.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading What was called “The Pen-in-su-lar Cam-paign” made a start ’twixt the York Riv-er and the James Riv-er, on land which forms a pen-in-su-la.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading There was much fight-ing, and at one time the Un-ion for-ces were with-in eight miles of Rich-mond, but in the end they had to fall back and with-draw from the Pen-in-su-la.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

pen-in-su-la

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What was called “The Pen-in-su-lar Cam-paign” made a start ’twixt the York Riv-er and the James Riv-er, on land which forms a pen-in-su-la.

Pen-in-su-lar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What was called “The Pen-in-su-lar Cam-paign” made a start ’twixt the York Riv-er and the James Riv-er, on land which forms a pen-in-su-la.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

read-y

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

Rich-mond

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was much fight-ing, and at one time the Un-ion for-ces were with-in eight miles of Rich-mond, but in the end they had to fall back and with-draw from the Pen-in-su-la.

Riv-er

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What was called “The Pen-in-su-lar Cam-paign” made a start ’twixt the York Riv-er and the James Riv-er, on land which forms a pen-in-su-la.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading Here through the spring and sum-mer of 1862, Mc-Clel-lan held large for-ces.

startverbUS /stɑːrt/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading What was called “The Pen-in-su-lar Cam-paign” made a start ’twixt the York Riv-er and the James Riv-er, on land which forms a pen-in-su-la.

strokesnounUS /stroʊks/

plural of “stroke” — (sports) the act of swinging or striking at a ball with a club or racket or bat or cue or hand

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

sum-mer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here through the spring and sum-mer of 1862, Mc-Clel-lan held large for-ces.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was much fight-ing, and at one time the Un-ion for-ces were with-in eight miles of Rich-mond, but in the end they had to fall back and with-draw from the Pen-in-su-la.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Here through the spring and sum-mer of 1862, Mc-Clel-lan held large for-ces.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading There was much fight-ing, and at one time the Un-ion for-ces were with-in eight miles of Rich-mond, but in the end they had to fall back and with-draw from the Pen-in-su-la.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

twixt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What was called “The Pen-in-su-lar Cam-paign” made a start ’twixt the York Riv-er and the James Riv-er, on land which forms a pen-in-su-la.

Un-ion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was much fight-ing, and at one time the Un-ion for-ces were with-in eight miles of Rich-mond, but in the end they had to fall back and with-draw from the Pen-in-su-la.

VICKSBURGnounUS /ˈvɪksbərɡ/

a town in western Mississippi on bluffs above the Mississippi River to the west of Jackson

From this reading ANTIETAM, VICKSBURG, GETTYSBURG.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

WestnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What was called “The Pen-in-su-lar Cam-paign” made a start ’twixt the York Riv-er and the James Riv-er, on land which forms a pen-in-su-la.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading What was called “The Pen-in-su-lar Cam-paign” made a start ’twixt the York Riv-er and the James Riv-er, on land which forms a pen-in-su-la.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading It is true that while good strokes were made in the West, the East did not do her part to put down the foe as soon as she might have done, and this was laid to lead-ers, for the troops were brave and read-y to fight when they had a chance.

with-draw

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was much fight-ing, and at one time the Un-ion for-ces were with-in eight miles of Rich-mond, but in the end they had to fall back and with-draw from the Pen-in-su-la.

with-in

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was much fight-ing, and at one time the Un-ion for-ces were with-in eight miles of Rich-mond, but in the end they had to fall back and with-draw from the Pen-in-su-la.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading What was called “The Pen-in-su-lar Cam-paign” made a start ’twixt the York Riv-er and the James Riv-er, on land which forms a pen-in-su-la.

Chapter 11 of The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young by Harriet Putnam holds 101 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young contain?

Chapter 11 holds 101 sentences of The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young by Harriet Putnam exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 101 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young

Common questions about reading The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young by Harriet Putnam on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young?

Yes. All 1315 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #61251 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #61251, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young take to read?

About 109 minutes of reading across 263 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young section by section

How to work through The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 14 chapters of The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Scores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Since
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Plain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life of Abraham Lincoln for Young; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.