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The Life of George Cruikshank in Two Epochs, Vol. 1. (of 2)
The Life of George Cruikshank in Two Epochs, Vol. 1. (of 2)

Chapter II · Two Epochs

Chapter II of The Life of George Cruikshank in Two Epochs, Vol. 1. (of 2), “Two Epochs,” is here in full — 29 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Life of George Cruikshank in Two Epochs, Vol. 1. (of 2)
Context Illustration Reading 1/5 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
“As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.
And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.
There was an artist in Paris--an artist hairdresser--who used to be fatigued and take restoratives after inventing a new coiffure.
* George Cruikshank never felt the pinch of poverty.
His family, of which his careful mother was the head, was never in want.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Life of George Cruikshank in Two Epochs, Vol. 1. (of 2)

Chapter II · Two Epochs

Chapter II of The Life of George Cruikshank in Two Epochs, Vol. 1. (of 2), “Two Epochs,” is here in full — 29 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/5 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.
Line 2
And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.
Line 3
There was an artist in Paris--an artist hairdresser--who used to be fatigued and take restoratives after inventing a new coiffure.
Line 4
* George Cruikshank never felt the pinch of poverty.
Line 5
His family, of which his careful mother was the head, was never in want.
/hɪz ˈfæməli ʌv wɪtʃ hɪz ˈkerfəl ˈmʌðər wɑːz ðə hed wɑːz ˈnevər ɪn wɑːnt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

fatigued adjective US /fəˈtiːɡd/

drained of energy or effectiveness; extremely tired; completely exhausted

From this reading “There was an artist in Paris--an artist hairdresser--who used to be fatigued and take restoratives after inventing a new coiffure.”

hairdresser noun US /ˈherdresər/

someone who cuts or beautifies hair

From this reading “There was an artist in Paris--an artist hairdresser--who used to be fatigued and take restoratives after inventing a new coiffure.”

inventing verb US /ˌɪnˈventɪŋ/

-ing form of “invent” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading “There was an artist in Paris--an artist hairdresser--who used to be fatigued and take restoratives after inventing a new coiffure.”

painter's noun US /ˈpeɪntərz/

possessive form of “painter” — an artist who paints

prodigiously adverb US /proʊˈdɪdʒɪsli/

to a prodigious degree

From this reading “And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.”

purchasers noun US /ˈpɜːrtʃəsərz/

plural of “purchaser” — a person who buys

From this reading “And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.”

sterling adjective US /ˈstɜːrlɪŋ/

highest in quality

From this reading “And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.”

Thackeray noun US /ˈθækəri/

English writer (born in India) (1811-1863)

From this reading ““As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

six weeks noun + noun counted as “six week”

In this reading “And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.”

live comfortably verb + particle

In this reading “And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.”

fight for verb + particle

In this reading ““As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.”

pinch of verb + particle

In this reading “* George Cruikshank never felt the pinch of poverty.”

for six preposition + noun

In this reading “And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.”

All words in this reading · 86

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

a-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading There was an artist in Paris--an artist hairdresser--who used to be fatigued and take restoratives after inventing a new coiffure.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading There was an artist in Paris--an artist hairdresser--who used to be fatigued and take restoratives after inventing a new coiffure.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

artistnounUS /ˈɑːrtəst/

a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination

From this reading There was an artist in Paris--an artist hairdresser--who used to be fatigued and take restoratives after inventing a new coiffure.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading There was an artist in Paris--an artist hairdresser--who used to be fatigued and take restoratives after inventing a new coiffure.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

breadnounUS /bred/

food made from dough of flour or meal and usually raised with yeast or baking powder and then baked

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

carefuladjectiveUS /ˈkerfəl/

exercising caution or showing care or attention

From this reading His family, of which his careful mother was the head, was never in want.

coiffurenoun

the arrangement of the hair (especially a woman's hair)

From this reading There was an artist in Paris--an artist hairdresser--who used to be fatigued and take restoratives after inventing a new coiffure.

comfortablyadverbUS /ˈkʌmfərtəbli/

in mental comfort; without stress

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

Cruikshank

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading His family, of which his careful mother was the head, was never in want.

fanciesnounUS /ˈfænsiz/

plural of “fancy” — something many people believe that is false

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

fashionableadjectiveUS /ˈfæʃənəbəl/

being or in accordance with current social fashions

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

fatiguedadjectiveUS /fəˈtiːɡd/

drained of energy or effectiveness; extremely tired; completely exhausted

From this reading There was an artist in Paris--an artist hairdresser--who used to be fatigued and take restoratives after inventing a new coiffure.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading * George Cruikshank never felt the pinch of poverty.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

hairdressernounUS /ˈherdresər/

someone who cuts or beautifies hair

From this reading There was an artist in Paris--an artist hairdresser--who used to be fatigued and take restoratives after inventing a new coiffure.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading His family, of which his careful mother was the head, was never in want.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

hungryadjectiveUS /ˈhʌŋɡri/

feeling hunger; feeling a need or desire to eat food

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There was an artist in Paris--an artist hairdresser--who used to be fatigued and take restoratives after inventing a new coiffure.

inventingverbUS /ˌɪnˈventɪŋ/

-ing form of “invent” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading There was an artist in Paris--an artist hairdresser--who used to be fatigued and take restoratives after inventing a new coiffure.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading His family, of which his careful mother was the head, was never in want.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading * George Cruikshank never felt the pinch of poverty.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading There was an artist in Paris--an artist hairdresser--who used to be fatigued and take restoratives after inventing a new coiffure.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

obligedadjectiveUS /əˈblaɪdʒd/

under a moral obligation to do something

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

painter'snounUS /ˈpeɪntərz/

possessive form of “painter” — an artist who paints

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

paintingnounUS /ˈpeɪntɪŋ/

graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading There was an artist in Paris--an artist hairdresser--who used to be fatigued and take restoratives after inventing a new coiffure.

pinchverbUS /pɪntʃ/

squeeze tightly between the fingers

From this reading * George Cruikshank never felt the pinch of poverty.

pinchbecknoun

an alloy of copper and zinc that is used in cheap jewelry to imitate gold

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

portraitnounUS /ˈpɔːrtrət/

a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

povertynounUS /ˈpɑːvərti/

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading * George Cruikshank never felt the pinch of poverty.

prodigiouslyadverbUS /proʊˈdɪdʒɪsli/

to a prodigious degree

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

purchasersnounUS /ˈpɜːrtʃəsərz/

plural of “purchaser” — a person who buys

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

restoratives

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was an artist in Paris--an artist hairdresser--who used to be fatigued and take restoratives after inventing a new coiffure.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

sellverbUS /sel/

exchange or deliver for money or its equivalent

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

sterlingadjectiveUS /ˈstɜːrlɪŋ/

highest in quality

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading There was an artist in Paris--an artist hairdresser--who used to be fatigued and take restoratives after inventing a new coiffure.

ThackeraynounUS /ˈθækəri/

English writer (born in India) (1811-1863)

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was an artist in Paris--an artist hairdresser--who used to be fatigued and take restoratives after inventing a new coiffure.

thinadjectiveUS /θɪn/

Having little thickness or extent.

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

trustnounUS /trʌst/

something (as property) held by one party (the trustee) for the benefit of another (the beneficiary)

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

twiceadverbUS /twaɪs/

two times

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading There was an artist in Paris--an artist hairdresser--who used to be fatigued and take restoratives after inventing a new coiffure.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading His family, of which his careful mother was the head, was never in want.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was an artist in Paris--an artist hairdresser--who used to be fatigued and take restoratives after inventing a new coiffure.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

weeksnounUS /wiːks/

plural of “week” — any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading His family, of which his careful mother was the head, was never in want.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter’s thin pinchbeck, who can live comfortably for six weeks when paid for painting a portrait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied the while.

witnounUS /wɪt/

a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter

From this reading “As a boy,” Thackeray said of his friend George Cruikshank, “he began to fight for bread,* has been hungry (twice a-day, we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week.

Chapter 2 of The Life of George Cruikshank in Two Epochs, Vol. 1. (of 2) by Blanchard Jerrold holds 29 sentences, grouped into 6 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of The Life of George Cruikshank in Two Epochs, Vol. 1. (of 2) contain?

Chapter 2 holds 29 sentences of The Life of George Cruikshank in Two Epochs, Vol. 1. (of 2), unabridged, divided into 6 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of The Life of George Cruikshank in Two Epochs, Vol. 1. (of 2) by Blanchard Jerrold exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 29 sentences, grouped into 6 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of The Life of George Cruikshank in Two Epochs, Vol. 1. (of 2)?

Work through the 6 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 6 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Life of George Cruikshank in Two Epochs, Vol. 1. (of 2)

Common questions about reading The Life of George Cruikshank in Two Epochs, Vol. 1. (of 2) by Blanchard Jerrold on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Life of George Cruikshank in Two Epochs, Vol. 1. (of 2)?

Yes. All 1678 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44741 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Life of George Cruikshank in Two Epochs, Vol. 1. (of 2) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44741, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Life of George Cruikshank in Two Epochs, Vol. 1. (of 2) take to read?

About 139 minutes of reading across 336 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Life of George Cruikshank in Two Epochs, Vol. 1. (of 2) section by section

How to work through The Life of George Cruikshank in Two Epochs, Vol. 1. (of 2) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Life of George Cruikshank in Two Epochs, Vol. 1. (of 2)

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Life of George Cruikshank in Two Epochs, Vol. 1. (of 2), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

George
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life of George Cruikshank in Two Epochs, Vol. 1. (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cruikshank
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life of George Cruikshank in Two Epochs, Vol. 1. (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Epochs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life of George Cruikshank in Two Epochs, Vol. 1. (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volumes--vol
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life of George Cruikshank in Two Epochs, Vol. 1. (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.