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The Life of James McNeill Whistler
The Life of James McNeill Whistler

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Life of James McNeill Whistler is here in full — 383 sentences across 77 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/76 · 5 lines
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EIGHTEEN NINETY-TWO.
The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.
While the _Carlyle_ was at the Glasgow Institute in 1888, Mr. E. A. Walton and Sir James Guthrie made up their minds to try to keep it for the city.
Since the attempt to secure it for Edinburgh, the Glasgow School had become a power, and as they proclaimed themselves followers of Whistler, it was only right they should do everything to retain the picture in Glasgow.
A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Life of James McNeill Whistler

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Life of James McNeill Whistler is here in full — 383 sentences across 77 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/76 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
EIGHTEEN NINETY-TWO.
Line 2
The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.
Line 3
While the _Carlyle_ was at the Glasgow Institute in 1888, Mr. E. A. Walton and Sir James Guthrie made up their minds to try to keep it for the city.
Line 4
Since the attempt to secure it for Edinburgh, the Glasgow School had become a power, and as they proclaimed themselves followers of Whistler, it was only right they should do everything to retain the picture in Glasgow.
/sɪns ðə əˈtempt tuː sɪˈkjʊr ɪt fɔːr ˈedənbəroʊ ðə ˈɡlæskoʊ skuːl hæd bɪˈkʌm ə ˈpaʊər ənd æz ðeɪ proʊˈkleɪmd ðemˈselvz ˈfɑːloʊərz ʌv ˈwɪslər ɪt wɑːz ˈoʊnli raɪt ðeɪ ʃʊd duː ˈevriθɪŋ tuː rɪˈteɪn ðə ˈpɪktʃər ɪn ˈɡlæskoʊ/
Line 5
A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Carlyle noun US /ˈkɑːrlaɪl/

Scottish historian who wrote about the French Revolution (1795-1881)

Corporation noun US /ˌkɔːrpərˈeɪʃən/

a business firm whose articles of incorporation have been approved in some state

From this reading “A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.”

Guthrie noun US /ˈɡʌθri/

United States folk singer and songwriter (1912-1967)

From this reading “While the _Carlyle_ was at the Glasgow Institute in 1888, Mr. E. A. Walton and Sir James Guthrie made up their minds to try to keep it for the city.”

influential adjective US /ˌɪnfluːˈenʃəl/

having or exercising influence or power

From this reading “A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.”

Institute verb US /ˈɪnstətuːt/

set up or lay the groundwork for

From this reading “While the _Carlyle_ was at the Glasgow Institute in 1888, Mr. E. A. Walton and Sir James Guthrie made up their minds to try to keep it for the city.”

Luxembourg noun US /ˈlʌksəmbɔːrɡ/

the capital and largest city of Luxembourg

From this reading “The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.”

Walton noun US /ˈwɔːltən/

English composer (1902-1983)

From this reading “While the _Carlyle_ was at the Glasgow Institute in 1888, Mr. E. A. Walton and Sir James Guthrie made up their minds to try to keep it for the city.”

Whistler noun US /ˈwɪslər/

United States painter (1834-1903)

From this reading “The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

greatly pleased adverb + adjective

In this reading “A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.”

pay the debt verb + article + noun counted as “pay … debt”

In this reading “The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.”

list of verb + particle

In this reading “A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.”

All words in this reading · 87

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1888

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While the _Carlyle_ was at the Glasgow Institute in 1888, Mr. E. A. Walton and Sir James Guthrie made up their minds to try to keep it for the city.

1891

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Since the attempt to secure it for Edinburgh, the Glasgow School had become a power, and as they proclaimed themselves followers of Whistler, it was only right they should do everything to retain the picture in Glasgow.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading While the _Carlyle_ was at the Glasgow Institute in 1888, Mr. E. A. Walton and Sir James Guthrie made up their minds to try to keep it for the city.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading Since the attempt to secure it for Edinburgh, the Glasgow School had become a power, and as they proclaimed themselves followers of Whistler, it was only right they should do everything to retain the picture in Glasgow.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Since the attempt to secure it for Edinburgh, the Glasgow School had become a power, and as they proclaimed themselves followers of Whistler, it was only right they should do everything to retain the picture in Glasgow.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.

CarlylenounUS /ˈkɑːrlaɪl/

Scottish historian who wrote about the French Revolution (1795-1881)

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading While the _Carlyle_ was at the Glasgow Institute in 1888, Mr. E. A. Walton and Sir James Guthrie made up their minds to try to keep it for the city.

CorporationnounUS /ˌkɔːrpərˈeɪʃən/

a business firm whose articles of incorporation have been approved in some state

From this reading A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.

debtnounUS /det/

the state of owing something (especially money)

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Since the attempt to secure it for Edinburgh, the Glasgow School had become a power, and as they proclaimed themselves followers of Whistler, it was only right they should do everything to retain the picture in Glasgow.

EnounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading While the _Carlyle_ was at the Glasgow Institute in 1888, Mr. E. A. Walton and Sir James Guthrie made up their minds to try to keep it for the city.

EdinburghnounUS /ˈedənbəroʊ/

the capital of Scotland; located in the Lothian Region on the south side of the Firth of Forth

From this reading Since the attempt to secure it for Edinburgh, the Glasgow School had become a power, and as they proclaimed themselves followers of Whistler, it was only right they should do everything to retain the picture in Glasgow.

EIGHTEENadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːn/

being one more than seventeen

From this reading EIGHTEEN NINETY-TWO.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading Since the attempt to secure it for Edinburgh, the Glasgow School had become a power, and as they proclaimed themselves followers of Whistler, it was only right they should do everything to retain the picture in Glasgow.

followersnounUS /ˈfɑːloʊərz/

a group of followers or enthusiasts

From this reading Since the attempt to secure it for Edinburgh, the Glasgow School had become a power, and as they proclaimed themselves followers of Whistler, it was only right they should do everything to retain the picture in Glasgow.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

GilbertnounUS /ˈɡɪlbərt/

a unit of magnetomotive force equal to 0.7958 ampere-turns

From this reading A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.

GlasgownounUS /ˈɡlæskoʊ/

largest city in Scotland; a port on the Clyde in west central Scotland; one of the great shipbuilding centers of the world

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

greatlyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtli/

to an extraordinary extent or degree

From this reading A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.

GuthrienounUS /ˈɡʌθri/

United States folk singer and songwriter (1912-1967)

From this reading While the _Carlyle_ was at the Glasgow Institute in 1888, Mr. E. A. Walton and Sir James Guthrie made up their minds to try to keep it for the city.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Since the attempt to secure it for Edinburgh, the Glasgow School had become a power, and as they proclaimed themselves followers of Whistler, it was only right they should do everything to retain the picture in Glasgow.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading While the _Carlyle_ was at the Glasgow Institute in 1888, Mr. E. A. Walton and Sir James Guthrie made up their minds to try to keep it for the city.

includedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkluːdəd/

enclosed in the same envelope or package

From this reading A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.

influentialadjectiveUS /ˌɪnfluːˈenʃəl/

having or exercising influence or power

From this reading A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.

InstituteverbUS /ˈɪnstətuːt/

set up or lay the groundwork for

From this reading While the _Carlyle_ was at the Glasgow Institute in 1888, Mr. E. A. Walton and Sir James Guthrie made up their minds to try to keep it for the city.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading While the _Carlyle_ was at the Glasgow Institute in 1888, Mr. E. A. Walton and Sir James Guthrie made up their minds to try to keep it for the city.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading While the _Carlyle_ was at the Glasgow Institute in 1888, Mr. E. A. Walton and Sir James Guthrie made up their minds to try to keep it for the city.

listverbUS /lɪst/

give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of

From this reading A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.

LuxembourgnounUS /ˈlʌksəmbɔːrɡ/

the capital and largest city of Luxembourg

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading While the _Carlyle_ was at the Glasgow Institute in 1888, Mr. E. A. Walton and Sir James Guthrie made up their minds to try to keep it for the city.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.

Millaisnoun

Englishman and Pre-Raphaelite painter (1829-1896)

From this reading A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.

mindsnounUS /maɪndz/

plural of “mind” — that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason

From this reading While the _Carlyle_ was at the Glasgow Institute in 1888, Mr. E. A. Walton and Sir James Guthrie made up their minds to try to keep it for the city.

MothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading While the _Carlyle_ was at the Glasgow Institute in 1888, Mr. E. A. Walton and Sir James Guthrie made up their minds to try to keep it for the city.

namesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.

NINETY-TWOadjective

being two more than ninety

From this reading EIGHTEEN NINETY-TWO.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Since the attempt to secure it for Edinburgh, the Glasgow School had become a power, and as they proclaimed themselves followers of Whistler, it was only right they should do everything to retain the picture in Glasgow.

Orchardson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.

owedverbUS /oʊd/

past form of “owe” — be obliged to pay or repay

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.

petitionnounUS /pəˈtɪʃən/

a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority

From this reading A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.

picturenounUS /ˈpɪktʃər/

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading Since the attempt to secure it for Edinburgh, the Glasgow School had become a power, and as they proclaimed themselves followers of Whistler, it was only right they should do everything to retain the picture in Glasgow.

pleasedadjectiveUS /pliːzd/

experiencing or manifesting pleasure

From this reading A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading Since the attempt to secure it for Edinburgh, the Glasgow School had become a power, and as they proclaimed themselves followers of Whistler, it was only right they should do everything to retain the picture in Glasgow.

presentedverbUS /priˈzentɪd/

past form of “present” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.

proclaimedadjectiveUS /proʊˈkleɪmd/

declared publicly; made widely known

From this reading Since the attempt to secure it for Edinburgh, the Glasgow School had become a power, and as they proclaimed themselves followers of Whistler, it was only right they should do everything to retain the picture in Glasgow.

purchasenounUS /ˈpɜːrtʃəs/

the acquisition of something for payment

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

retainverbUS /rɪˈteɪn/

hold back within

From this reading Since the attempt to secure it for Edinburgh, the Glasgow School had become a power, and as they proclaimed themselves followers of Whistler, it was only right they should do everything to retain the picture in Glasgow.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading Since the attempt to secure it for Edinburgh, the Glasgow School had become a power, and as they proclaimed themselves followers of Whistler, it was only right they should do everything to retain the picture in Glasgow.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

SchoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading Since the attempt to secure it for Edinburgh, the Glasgow School had become a power, and as they proclaimed themselves followers of Whistler, it was only right they should do everything to retain the picture in Glasgow.

secureverbUS /sɪˈkjʊr/

get by special effort

From this reading Since the attempt to secure it for Edinburgh, the Glasgow School had become a power, and as they proclaimed themselves followers of Whistler, it was only right they should do everything to retain the picture in Glasgow.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Since the attempt to secure it for Edinburgh, the Glasgow School had become a power, and as they proclaimed themselves followers of Whistler, it was only right they should do everything to retain the picture in Glasgow.

signedadjectiveUS /saɪnd/

having a handwritten signature

From this reading A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.

SinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Since the attempt to secure it for Edinburgh, the Glasgow School had become a power, and as they proclaimed themselves followers of Whistler, it was only right they should do everything to retain the picture in Glasgow.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading While the _Carlyle_ was at the Glasgow Institute in 1888, Mr. E. A. Walton and Sir James Guthrie made up their minds to try to keep it for the city.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading While the _Carlyle_ was at the Glasgow Institute in 1888, Mr. E. A. Walton and Sir James Guthrie made up their minds to try to keep it for the city.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Since the attempt to secure it for Edinburgh, the Glasgow School had become a power, and as they proclaimed themselves followers of Whistler, it was only right they should do everything to retain the picture in Glasgow.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Since the attempt to secure it for Edinburgh, the Glasgow School had become a power, and as they proclaimed themselves followers of Whistler, it was only right they should do everything to retain the picture in Glasgow.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

tryverbUS /traɪ/

make an effort or attempt

From this reading While the _Carlyle_ was at the Glasgow Institute in 1888, Mr. E. A. Walton and Sir James Guthrie made up their minds to try to keep it for the city.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading While the _Carlyle_ was at the Glasgow Institute in 1888, Mr. E. A. Walton and Sir James Guthrie made up their minds to try to keep it for the city.

WaltonnounUS /ˈwɔːltən/

English composer (1902-1983)

From this reading While the _Carlyle_ was at the Glasgow Institute in 1888, Mr. E. A. Walton and Sir James Guthrie made up their minds to try to keep it for the city.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading A petition was presented to the Glasgow Corporation, signed by a long list of names of influential people, which greatly pleased Whistler, for they included Gilbert, Orchardson, Millais, Walton, Guthrie, and many others.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading While the _Carlyle_ was at the Glasgow Institute in 1888, Mr. E. A. Walton and Sir James Guthrie made up their minds to try to keep it for the city.

WhistlernounUS /ˈwɪslər/

United States painter (1834-1903)

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading The world owed him a living, Whistler said, but it was not until 1891 that the world began to pay the debt with the purchase of the _Carlyle_ for Glasgow and the _Mother_ for the Luxembourg.

Chapter 20 of The Life of James McNeill Whistler by Elizabeth Robins Pennell holds 383 sentences, grouped into 77 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Life of James McNeill Whistler contain?

Chapter 20 holds 383 sentences of The Life of James McNeill Whistler, unabridged, divided into 77 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Life of James McNeill Whistler by Elizabeth Robins Pennell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 383 sentences, grouped into 77 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Life of James McNeill Whistler?

Work through the 77 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 77 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Life of James McNeill Whistler

Common questions about reading The Life of James McNeill Whistler by Elizabeth Robins Pennell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Life of James McNeill Whistler?

Yes. All 8629 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47363 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Life of James McNeill Whistler is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #47363, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Life of James McNeill Whistler take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1726 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Life of James McNeill Whistler section by section

How to work through The Life of James McNeill Whistler section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The Life of James McNeill Whistler

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Life of James McNeill Whistler, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life of James McNeill Whistler; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Denoted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life of James McNeill Whistler; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life of James McNeill Whistler; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Obvious
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life of James McNeill Whistler; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.