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The Life of Kit Carson
The Life of Kit Carson

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of The Life of Kit Carson is here in full — 51 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
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The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.
Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.
It was scarcely light when the imposing array advanced upon the mountaineers, who coolly awaited their approach.
When the Blackfeet came close enough to see the fortifications thrown up by the whites, they were astonished.
They knew from previous experience the strength of such means of defence and suddenly lost their eagerness to make the attack.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Life of Kit Carson

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of The Life of Kit Carson is here in full — 51 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.
Line 2
Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.
/ˈhævɪŋ ɡɔːn θruː wʌt ðə red men kənˈsɪdər ðə ˈnesəseri prɪˈlɪməneriz ʌv sʌtʃ ə ɡrænd kæmˈpeɪn ðə væst ˈnʌmbər ʌv ˈwɔːriərz əˈweɪtɪd ðə dɔːn ðæt wɑːz tuː ˈwɪtnəs ðə əˌnaɪəˈleɪʃən ʌv ðə ɪnˈtaɪər fɔːrs ðæt hæd derd tuː ˈventʃər əˈpɑːn ðer ˈhʌntɪŋ ɡraʊndz wɪˈθaʊt soʊ mʌtʃ æz ˈæskɪŋ pərˈmɪʃən/
Line 3
It was scarcely light when the imposing array advanced upon the mountaineers, who coolly awaited their approach.
/ɪt wɑːz ˈskersli laɪt wen ðə ˌɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ ərˈeɪ ədˈvænst əˈpɑːn ðə ˈmaʊntɪnɪrz huː ˈkuːli əˈweɪtɪd ðer əˈproʊtʃ/
Line 4
When the Blackfeet came close enough to see the fortifications thrown up by the whites, they were astonished.
Line 5
They knew from previous experience the strength of such means of defence and suddenly lost their eagerness to make the attack.
/ðeɪ nuː frʌm ˈpriːviəs ɪkˈspɪriəns ðə streŋkθ ʌv sʌtʃ miːnz ʌv dɪˈfens ənd ˈsʌdənli lɔːst ðer ˈiːɡərnəs tuː meɪk ðə əˈtæk/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

annihilation noun US /əˌnaɪəˈleɪʃən/

destruction by annihilating something

From this reading “Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.”

Blackfoot noun US /ˈblækfʊt/

a member of a warlike group of Algonquians living in the northwestern plains

From this reading “The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.”

Decides verb US /ˌdɪˈsaɪdz/

third-person singular of “decide” — reach, make, or come to a decision about something

From this reading “The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.”

Localities noun US /loʊˈkælɪtiz/

plural of “locality” — a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading “The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.”

mountaineers noun US /ˈmaʊntɪnɪrz/

plural of “mountaineer” — someone who climbs mountains

From this reading “It was scarcely light when the imposing array advanced upon the mountaineers, who coolly awaited their approach.”

Trappers noun US /ˈtræpərz/

plural of “trapper” — someone who sets traps for animals (usually to obtain their furs)

From this reading “The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.”

Trapping noun US /ˈtræpɪŋ/

stable gear consisting of a decorated covering for a horse, especially (formerly) for a warhorse

From this reading “The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.”

Withdrawal noun US /wɪðˈdrɔːəl/

a retraction of a previously held position

From this reading “The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

AbandonverbUS /əˈbændən/

forsake, leave behind

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

advancedadjectiveUS /ədˈvænst/

farther along in physical or mental development

From this reading It was scarcely light when the imposing array advanced upon the mountaineers, who coolly awaited their approach.

AmbushverbUS /ˈæmbʊʃ/

wait in hiding to attack

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They knew from previous experience the strength of such means of defence and suddenly lost their eagerness to make the attack.

annihilationnounUS /əˌnaɪəˈleɪʃən/

destruction by annihilating something

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

approachverbUS /əˈproʊtʃ/

move towards

From this reading It was scarcely light when the imposing array advanced upon the mountaineers, who coolly awaited their approach.

ArmynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

arraynounUS /ərˈeɪ/

an orderly arrangement

From this reading It was scarcely light when the imposing array advanced upon the mountaineers, who coolly awaited their approach.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

askingnounUS /ˈæskɪŋ/

the verbal act of requesting

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

astonishedadjectiveUS /əˈstɑːnɪʃt/

filled with the emotional impact of overwhelming surprise or shock

From this reading When the Blackfeet came close enough to see the fortifications thrown up by the whites, they were astonished.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

attacknounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading They knew from previous experience the strength of such means of defence and suddenly lost their eagerness to make the attack.

awaitedadjectiveUS /əˈweɪtɪd/

expected hopefully

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

Bent's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

Blackfeet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the Blackfeet came close enough to see the fortifications thrown up by the whites, they were astonished.

BlackfootnounUS /ˈblækfʊt/

a member of a warlike group of Algonquians living in the northwestern plains

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

BusinessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading When the Blackfeet came close enough to see the fortifications thrown up by the whites, they were astonished.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading When the Blackfeet came close enough to see the fortifications thrown up by the whites, they were astonished.

campaignnounUS /kæmˈpeɪn/

a race between candidates for elective office

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

CarsonnounUS /ˈkɑːrsən/

United States biologist remembered for her opposition to the use of pesticides that were hazardous to wildlife (1907-1964)

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading When the Blackfeet came close enough to see the fortifications thrown up by the whites, they were astonished.

considerverbUS /kənˈsɪdər/

deem to be

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

coollyadverbUS /ˈkuːli/

in a composed and unconcerned manner

From this reading It was scarcely light when the imposing array advanced upon the mountaineers, who coolly awaited their approach.

CountrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

daredverbUS /derd/

past form of “dare” — take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

dawnnounUS /dɔːn/

the first light of day

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

DecideverbUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪd/

reach, make, or come to a decision about something

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

DecidesverbUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪdz/

third-person singular of “decide” — reach, make, or come to a decision about something

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

defencenounUS /dɪˈfens/

(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires

From this reading They knew from previous experience the strength of such means of defence and suddenly lost their eagerness to make the attack.

eagernessnounUS /ˈiːɡərnəs/

a positive feeling of wanting to push ahead with something

From this reading They knew from previous experience the strength of such means of defence and suddenly lost their eagerness to make the attack.

EightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading When the Blackfeet came close enough to see the fortifications thrown up by the whites, they were astonished.

entireadjectiveUS /ɪnˈtaɪər/

constituting the full quantity or extent; complete

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading They knew from previous experience the strength of such means of defence and suddenly lost their eagerness to make the attack.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

FortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

fortificationsnounUS /ˌfɔːrtəfəˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “fortification” — defensive structure consisting of walls or mounds built around a stronghold to strengthen it

From this reading When the Blackfeet came close enough to see the fortifications thrown up by the whites, they were astonished.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading They knew from previous experience the strength of such means of defence and suddenly lost their eagerness to make the attack.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

grandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

groundsnounUS /ɡraʊndz/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

HallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

Havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

HunternounUS /ˈhʌntər/

someone who hunts game

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

huntingnounUS /ˈhʌntɪŋ/

the pursuit and killing or capture of wild animals regarded as a sport

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

imposingadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ/

impressive in appearance

From this reading It was scarcely light when the imposing array advanced upon the mountaineers, who coolly awaited their approach.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

IndianadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was scarcely light when the imposing array advanced upon the mountaineers, who coolly awaited their approach.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading They knew from previous experience the strength of such means of defence and suddenly lost their eagerness to make the attack.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading It was scarcely light when the imposing array advanced upon the mountaineers, who coolly awaited their approach.

LocalitiesnounUS /loʊˈkælɪtiz/

plural of “locality” — a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading They knew from previous experience the strength of such means of defence and suddenly lost their eagerness to make the attack.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading They knew from previous experience the strength of such means of defence and suddenly lost their eagerness to make the attack.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading They knew from previous experience the strength of such means of defence and suddenly lost their eagerness to make the attack.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

MorrownounUS /ˈmɑːroʊ/

the next day

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

mountaineersnounUS /ˈmaʊntɪnɪrz/

plural of “mountaineer” — someone who climbs mountains

From this reading It was scarcely light when the imposing array advanced upon the mountaineers, who coolly awaited their approach.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

OtheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

permissionnounUS /pərˈmɪʃən/

approval to do something

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

preliminariesnounUS /prɪˈlɪməneriz/

plural of “preliminary” — a minor match preceding the main event

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

previousadjectiveUS /ˈpriːviəs/

just preceding something else in time or order

From this reading They knew from previous experience the strength of such means of defence and suddenly lost their eagerness to make the attack.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading It was scarcely light when the imposing array advanced upon the mountaineers, who coolly awaited their approach.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading When the Blackfeet came close enough to see the fortifications thrown up by the whites, they were astonished.

ServesnounUS /sɜːrvz/

plural of “serve” — (sports) a stroke that puts the ball in play

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading They knew from previous experience the strength of such means of defence and suddenly lost their eagerness to make the attack.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

suddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading They knew from previous experience the strength of such means of defence and suddenly lost their eagerness to make the attack.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When the Blackfeet came close enough to see the fortifications thrown up by the whites, they were astonished.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

thrownadjectiveUS /θroʊn/

caused to fall to the ground

From this reading When the Blackfeet came close enough to see the fortifications thrown up by the whites, they were astonished.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

TrappersnounUS /ˈtræpərz/

plural of “trapper” — someone who sets traps for animals (usually to obtain their furs)

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

TrappingnounUS /ˈtræpɪŋ/

stable gear consisting of a decorated covering for a horse, especially (formerly) for a warhorse

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading When the Blackfeet came close enough to see the fortifications thrown up by the whites, they were astonished.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

venturenounUS /ˈventʃər/

any venturesome undertaking especially one with an uncertain outcome

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

VisitsnounUS /ˈvɪzɪts/

plural of “visit” — the act of going to see some person or place or thing for a short time

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

warriorsnounUS /ˈwɔːriərz/

plural of “warrior” — someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading When the Blackfeet came close enough to see the fortifications thrown up by the whites, they were astonished.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It was scarcely light when the imposing array advanced upon the mountaineers, who coolly awaited their approach.

WhereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

whitesnounUS /waɪts/

plural of “white” — a Caucasian

From this reading When the Blackfeet came close enough to see the fortifications thrown up by the whites, they were astonished.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It was scarcely light when the imposing array advanced upon the mountaineers, who coolly awaited their approach.

WithdrawverbUS /wɪðˈdrɔː/

pull back or move away or backward

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

WithdrawalnounUS /wɪðˈdrɔːəl/

a retraction of a previously held position

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

witnessnounUS /ˈwɪtnəs/

someone who sees an event and reports what happened

From this reading Having gone through what the red men consider the necessary preliminaries of such a grand campaign, the vast number of warriors awaited the dawn that was to witness the annihilation of the entire force that had dared to venture upon their hunting grounds without so much as asking permission.

YearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading The Morrow--Withdrawal of the Indian Army--At Fort Hall--In the Blackfoot Country--The Ambush--The Trappers Decide to Withdraw--Trapping in Other Localities--Carson Decides to Abandon the Business--Visits Bent's Fort Where He Serves as Hunter for Eight Years.

Chapter 17 of The Life of Kit Carson by Edward Sylvester Ellis holds 51 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of The Life of Kit Carson contain?

Chapter 17 holds 51 sentences of The Life of Kit Carson, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of The Life of Kit Carson by Edward Sylvester Ellis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 51 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of The Life of Kit Carson?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Life of Kit Carson

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Is this the complete text of The Life of Kit Carson?

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Which edition of The Life of Kit Carson is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7882, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Life of Kit Carson take to read?

About 203 minutes of reading across 489 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Life of Kit Carson

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Life of Kit Carson, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Carson's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life of Kit Carson; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Youth--his
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life of Kit Carson; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Visit
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life of Kit Carson; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mexico--acts
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life of Kit Carson; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.