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The Life of Sir John Falstaff
The Life of Sir John Falstaff

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Life of Sir John Falstaff is here in full — 391 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Life of Sir John Falstaff
Context Illustration Reading 1/78 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.
The knights-errant had their esquires and men-at-arms, who were allowed the privilege of fighting under their leader’s banner.
It was not customary for the chroniclers of the period to mention the names of these subordinate personages.
The dawn of a more equitable state of things, in this respect, may be traced to the time of Falstaff.
The names of his immediate followers have been honourably preserved.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Life of Sir John Falstaff

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Life of Sir John Falstaff is here in full — 391 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/78 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.
/ɪt wɪl biː ədˈmɪtɪd ðæt sɜːr dʒɑːn ˈfɔːlstæf dɪd ə ɡreɪt mænz best tuː rəˈduːs ðə ˈɪnfluːəns ʌv ðiːz tuː vərˈaɪətiz ɪn hɪz oʊn ˈfeɪvər/
Line 2
The knights-errant had their esquires and men-at-arms, who were allowed the privilege of fighting under their leader’s banner.
Line 3
It was not customary for the chroniclers of the period to mention the names of these subordinate personages.
Line 4
The dawn of a more equitable state of things, in this respect, may be traced to the time of Falstaff.
/ðə dɔːn ʌv ə mɔːr ˈekwətəbəl steɪt ʌv θɪŋz ɪn ðɪs rɪˈspekt meɪ biː treɪst tuː ðə taɪm ʌv ˈfɔːlstæf/
Line 5
The names of his immediate followers have been honourably preserved.
/ðə neɪmz ʌv hɪz ˌɪˈmiːdiːət ˈfɑːloʊərz hæv bɪn ˈɑːnərəbli prəˈzɜːrvd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chroniclers noun US /ˈkrɑːnɪklərz/

plural of “chronicler” — someone who writes chronicles

From this reading “It was not customary for the chroniclers of the period to mention the names of these subordinate personages.”

equitable adjective US /ˈekwətəbəl/

fair to all parties as dictated by reason and conscience

From this reading “The dawn of a more equitable state of things, in this respect, may be traced to the time of Falstaff.”

Falstaff noun US /ˈfɔːlstæf/

a dissolute character in Shakespeare's plays

From this reading “It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.”

honourably adverb US /ˈɑːnərəbli/

with honor

From this reading “The names of his immediate followers have been honourably preserved.”

leader's noun US /ˈliːdərz/

possessive form of “leader” — a person who rules or guides or inspires others

reduce verb US /rəˈduːs/

cut down on; make a reduction in

From this reading “It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.”

subordinate adjective US /səˈbɔːrdəneɪt/

lower in rank or importance

From this reading “It was not customary for the chroniclers of the period to mention the names of these subordinate personages.”

varieties noun US /vərˈaɪətiz/

plural of “variety” — a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading “It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

mention the names verb + article + noun counted as “mention … names”

In this reading “It was not customary for the chroniclers of the period to mention the names of these subordinate personages.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

admittedverbUS /ədˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “admit” — declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading The knights-errant had their esquires and men-at-arms, who were allowed the privilege of fighting under their leader’s banner.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The knights-errant had their esquires and men-at-arms, who were allowed the privilege of fighting under their leader’s banner.

bannernounUS /ˈbænər/

long strip of cloth or paper used for decoration or advertising

From this reading The knights-errant had their esquires and men-at-arms, who were allowed the privilege of fighting under their leader’s banner.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The names of his immediate followers have been honourably preserved.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

chroniclersnounUS /ˈkrɑːnɪklərz/

plural of “chronicler” — someone who writes chronicles

From this reading It was not customary for the chroniclers of the period to mention the names of these subordinate personages.

customaryadjectiveUS /ˈkʌstəmeri/

in accordance with convention or custom

From this reading It was not customary for the chroniclers of the period to mention the names of these subordinate personages.

dawnnounUS /dɔːn/

the first light of day

From this reading The dawn of a more equitable state of things, in this respect, may be traced to the time of Falstaff.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

equitableadjectiveUS /ˈekwətəbəl/

fair to all parties as dictated by reason and conscience

From this reading The dawn of a more equitable state of things, in this respect, may be traced to the time of Falstaff.

esquires

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The knights-errant had their esquires and men-at-arms, who were allowed the privilege of fighting under their leader’s banner.

FalstaffnounUS /ˈfɔːlstæf/

a dissolute character in Shakespeare's plays

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

favournounUS /ˈfeɪvər/

a feeling of favorable regard

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading The knights-errant had their esquires and men-at-arms, who were allowed the privilege of fighting under their leader’s banner.

followersnounUS /ˈfɑːloʊərz/

a group of followers or enthusiasts

From this reading The names of his immediate followers have been honourably preserved.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was not customary for the chroniclers of the period to mention the names of these subordinate personages.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The knights-errant had their esquires and men-at-arms, who were allowed the privilege of fighting under their leader’s banner.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The names of his immediate followers have been honourably preserved.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

honourablyadverbUS /ˈɑːnərəbli/

with honor

From this reading The names of his immediate followers have been honourably preserved.

immediateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːət/

of the present time and place

From this reading The names of his immediate followers have been honourably preserved.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

knights-errant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The knights-errant had their esquires and men-at-arms, who were allowed the privilege of fighting under their leader’s banner.

leader'snounUS /ˈliːdərz/

possessive form of “leader” — a person who rules or guides or inspires others

From this reading The knights-errant had their esquires and men-at-arms, who were allowed the privilege of fighting under their leader’s banner.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The dawn of a more equitable state of things, in this respect, may be traced to the time of Falstaff.

men-at-arms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The knights-errant had their esquires and men-at-arms, who were allowed the privilege of fighting under their leader’s banner.

mentionverbUS /ˈmenʃən/

make reference to

From this reading It was not customary for the chroniclers of the period to mention the names of these subordinate personages.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The dawn of a more equitable state of things, in this respect, may be traced to the time of Falstaff.

namesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading It was not customary for the chroniclers of the period to mention the names of these subordinate personages.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was not customary for the chroniclers of the period to mention the names of these subordinate personages.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading It was not customary for the chroniclers of the period to mention the names of these subordinate personages.

personages

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not customary for the chroniclers of the period to mention the names of these subordinate personages.

preservedadjectiveUS /prəˈzɜːrvd/

prevented from decaying or spoiling and prepared for future use

From this reading The names of his immediate followers have been honourably preserved.

privilegenounUS /ˈprɪvlədʒ/

a special advantage or immunity or benefit not enjoyed by all

From this reading The knights-errant had their esquires and men-at-arms, who were allowed the privilege of fighting under their leader’s banner.

reduceverbUS /rəˈduːs/

cut down on; make a reduction in

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading The dawn of a more equitable state of things, in this respect, may be traced to the time of Falstaff.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading The dawn of a more equitable state of things, in this respect, may be traced to the time of Falstaff.

subordinateadjectiveUS /səˈbɔːrdəneɪt/

lower in rank or importance

From this reading It was not customary for the chroniclers of the period to mention the names of these subordinate personages.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The knights-errant had their esquires and men-at-arms, who were allowed the privilege of fighting under their leader’s banner.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading The dawn of a more equitable state of things, in this respect, may be traced to the time of Falstaff.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The dawn of a more equitable state of things, in this respect, may be traced to the time of Falstaff.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The dawn of a more equitable state of things, in this respect, may be traced to the time of Falstaff.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

tracedverbUS /treɪst/

past form of “trace” — follow, discover, or ascertain the course of development of something

From this reading The dawn of a more equitable state of things, in this respect, may be traced to the time of Falstaff.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The knights-errant had their esquires and men-at-arms, who were allowed the privilege of fighting under their leader’s banner.

varietiesnounUS /vərˈaɪətiz/

plural of “variety” — a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was not customary for the chroniclers of the period to mention the names of these subordinate personages.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The knights-errant had their esquires and men-at-arms, who were allowed the privilege of fighting under their leader’s banner.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The knights-errant had their esquires and men-at-arms, who were allowed the privilege of fighting under their leader’s banner.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading It will be admitted that Sir John Falstaff did a great man’s best to reduce the influence of these two varieties in his own favour.

Chapter 4 of The Life of Sir John Falstaff by Robert B. (Robert Barnabas) Brough holds 391 sentences, grouped into 79 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Life of Sir John Falstaff contain?

Chapter 4 holds 391 sentences of The Life of Sir John Falstaff, unabridged, divided into 79 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Life of Sir John Falstaff by Robert B. (Robert Barnabas) Brough exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 391 sentences, grouped into 79 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Life of Sir John Falstaff?

Work through the 79 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 79 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Life of Sir John Falstaff

Common questions about reading The Life of Sir John Falstaff by Robert B. (Robert Barnabas) Brough on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Life of Sir John Falstaff?

Yes. All 4031 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44900 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Life of Sir John Falstaff is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44900, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Life of Sir John Falstaff take to read?

About 335 minutes of reading across 807 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Life of Sir John Falstaff section by section

How to work through The Life of Sir John Falstaff section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of The Life of Sir John Falstaff to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Life of Sir John Falstaff

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Life of Sir John Falstaff, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Robert
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life of Sir John Falstaff; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Brough
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life of Sir John Falstaff; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Biography
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life of Sir John Falstaff; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Knight
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Life of Sir John Falstaff; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.