Chapter IX

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE CIRCASSIAN AND HIS FAMILY In those days Kasi Mollah did not go by the name of Murstud--_i.e._, a pillar of the faith.

(old-fashioned) at or from or to a great distance; far

From this reading He was a simple sheik at Himri, in the northern part of the land of Circassia, a remote little place, where the Muscovite was no more than a rumor from afar.

later than; following

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE CIRCASSIAN AND HIS FAMILY In those days Kasi Mollah did not go by the name of Murstud--_i.e._, a pillar of the faith.

inflected form of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading Nature herself had fashioned a strong fortress around Himri.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He was a simple sheik at Himri, in the northern part of the land of Circassia, a remote little place, where the Muscovite was no more than a rumor from afar.

offering little or no hope

From this reading Immense mountain-chains enclosed it within massive walls on both sides, rising bleak, interminable, and ever upwards into the dim distance.

the two together, not just one

From this reading Immense mountain-chains enclosed it within massive walls on both sides, rising bleak, interminable, and ever upwards into the dim distance.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE CIRCASSIAN AND HIS FAMILY In those days Kasi Mollah did not go by the name of Murstud--_i.e._, a pillar of the faith.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was a simple sheik at Himri, in the northern part of the land of Circassia, a remote little place, where the Muscovite was no more than a rumor from afar.

a member of the Sunni Muslim people living in northwestern Caucasia

From this reading THE CIRCASSIAN AND HIS FAMILY In those days Kasi Mollah did not go by the name of Murstud--_i.e._, a pillar of the faith.

curving inward

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading THE CIRCASSIAN AND HIS FAMILY In those days Kasi Mollah did not go by the name of Murstud--_i.e._, a pillar of the faith.

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

past form of “defend” — argue or speak in defense of

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading THE CIRCASSIAN AND HIS FAMILY In those days Kasi Mollah did not go by the name of Murstud--_i.e._, a pillar of the faith.

lacking in light; not bright or harsh

From this reading Immense mountain-chains enclosed it within massive walls on both sides, rising bleak, interminable, and ever upwards into the dim distance.

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading Immense mountain-chains enclosed it within massive walls on both sides, rising bleak, interminable, and ever upwards into the dim distance.

an udder or breast or teat

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading THE CIRCASSIAN AND HIS FAMILY In those days Kasi Mollah did not go by the name of Murstud--_i.e._, a pillar of the faith.

closed in or surrounded or included within

From this reading Immense mountain-chains enclosed it within massive walls on both sides, rising bleak, interminable, and ever upwards into the dim distance.

continuing forever or indefinitely

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

at any time

From this reading Immense mountain-chains enclosed it within massive walls on both sides, rising bleak, interminable, and ever upwards into the dim distance.

past form of “excavate” — recover through digging

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

-ing form of “extend” — extend in scope or range or area

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading THE CIRCASSIAN AND HIS FAMILY In those days Kasi Mollah did not go by the name of Murstud--_i.e._, a pillar of the faith.

a social unit living together

From this reading THE CIRCASSIAN AND HIS FAMILY In those days Kasi Mollah did not go by the name of Murstud--_i.e._, a pillar of the faith.

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

planned and made or fashioned artistically

From this reading Nature herself had fashioned a strong fortress around Himri.

-ing form of “form” — create (as an entity)

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

a fortified defensive structure

From this reading Nature herself had fashioned a strong fortress around Himri.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He was a simple sheik at Himri, in the northern part of the land of Circassia, a remote little place, where the Muscovite was no more than a rumor from afar.

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading THE CIRCASSIAN AND HIS FAMILY In those days Kasi Mollah did not go by the name of Murstud--_i.e._, a pillar of the faith.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Nature herself had fashioned a strong fortress around Himri.

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was a simple sheik at Himri, in the northern part of the land of Circassia, a remote little place, where the Muscovite was no more than a rumor from afar.

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading Nature herself had fashioned a strong fortress around Himri.

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was a simple sheik at Himri, in the northern part of the land of Circassia, a remote little place, where the Muscovite was no more than a rumor from afar.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE CIRCASSIAN AND HIS FAMILY In those days Kasi Mollah did not go by the name of Murstud--_i.e._, a pillar of the faith.

not solid; having a space or gap or cavity

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading THE CIRCASSIAN AND HIS FAMILY In those days Kasi Mollah did not go by the name of Murstud--_i.e._, a pillar of the faith.

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Immense mountain-chains enclosed it within massive walls on both sides, rising bleak, interminable, and ever upwards into the dim distance.

characterized by undue haste and lack of thought or deliberation

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE CIRCASSIAN AND HIS FAMILY In those days Kasi Mollah did not go by the name of Murstud--_i.e._, a pillar of the faith.

tiresomely long; seemingly without end

From this reading Immense mountain-chains enclosed it within massive walls on both sides, rising bleak, interminable, and ever upwards into the dim distance.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Immense mountain-chains enclosed it within massive walls on both sides, rising bleak, interminable, and ever upwards into the dim distance.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Immense mountain-chains enclosed it within massive walls on both sides, rising bleak, interminable, and ever upwards into the dim distance.

the place where two or more things come together

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE CIRCASSIAN AND HIS FAMILY In those days Kasi Mollah did not go by the name of Murstud--_i.e._, a pillar of the faith.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading He was a simple sheik at Himri, in the northern part of the land of Circassia, a remote little place, where the Muscovite was no more than a rumor from afar.

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading He was a simple sheik at Himri, in the northern part of the land of Circassia, a remote little place, where the Muscovite was no more than a rumor from afar.

the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

imposing in size or bulk or solidity

From this reading Immense mountain-chains enclosed it within massive walls on both sides, rising bleak, interminable, and ever upwards into the dim distance.

the location of something surrounded by other things

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

a Muslim trained in the doctrine and law of Islam; the head of a mosque

From this reading THE CIRCASSIAN AND HIS FAMILY In those days Kasi Mollah did not go by the name of Murstud--_i.e._, a pillar of the faith.

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading He was a simple sheik at Himri, in the northern part of the land of Circassia, a remote little place, where the Muscovite was no more than a rumor from afar.

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Immense mountain-chains enclosed it within massive walls on both sides, rising bleak, interminable, and ever upwards into the dim distance.

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE CIRCASSIAN AND HIS FAMILY In those days Kasi Mollah did not go by the name of Murstud--_i.e._, a pillar of the faith.

a colorless or pale brown mica with potassium

From this reading He was a simple sheik at Himri, in the northern part of the land of Circassia, a remote little place, where the Muscovite was no more than a rumor from afar.

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading THE CIRCASSIAN AND HIS FAMILY In those days Kasi Mollah did not go by the name of Murstud--_i.e._, a pillar of the faith.

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Nature herself had fashioned a strong fortress around Himri.

not any; not one

From this reading He was a simple sheik at Himri, in the northern part of the land of Circassia, a remote little place, where the Muscovite was no more than a rumor from afar.

in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading He was a simple sheik at Himri, in the northern part of the land of Circassia, a remote little place, where the Muscovite was no more than a rumor from afar.

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading THE CIRCASSIAN AND HIS FAMILY In those days Kasi Mollah did not go by the name of Murstud--_i.e._, a pillar of the faith.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE CIRCASSIAN AND HIS FAMILY In those days Kasi Mollah did not go by the name of Murstud--_i.e._, a pillar of the faith.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Immense mountain-chains enclosed it within massive walls on both sides, rising bleak, interminable, and ever upwards into the dim distance.

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading He was a simple sheik at Himri, in the northern part of the land of Circassia, a remote little place, where the Muscovite was no more than a rumor from afar.

a fundamental principle or practice

From this reading THE CIRCASSIAN AND HIS FAMILY In those days Kasi Mollah did not go by the name of Murstud--_i.e._, a pillar of the faith.

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading He was a simple sheik at Himri, in the northern part of the land of Circassia, a remote little place, where the Muscovite was no more than a rumor from afar.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

located far away spatially

From this reading He was a simple sheik at Himri, in the northern part of the land of Circassia, a remote little place, where the Muscovite was no more than a rumor from afar.

advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status

From this reading Immense mountain-chains enclosed it within massive walls on both sides, rising bleak, interminable, and ever upwards into the dim distance.

plural of “rock” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

gossip (usually a mixture of truth and untruth) passed around by word of mouth

From this reading He was a simple sheik at Himri, in the northern part of the land of Circassia, a remote little place, where the Muscovite was no more than a rumor from afar.

plural of “shadow” — shade within clear boundaries

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

the leader of an Arab village or family

From this reading He was a simple sheik at Himri, in the northern part of the land of Circassia, a remote little place, where the Muscovite was no more than a rumor from afar.

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Immense mountain-chains enclosed it within massive walls on both sides, rising bleak, interminable, and ever upwards into the dim distance.

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading He was a simple sheik at Himri, in the northern part of the land of Circassia, a remote little place, where the Muscovite was no more than a rumor from afar.

having a sharp inclination

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

plural of “stream” — a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Nature herself had fashioned a strong fortress around Himri.

-ing form of “terminate” — bring to an end or halt

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading He was a simple sheik at Himri, in the northern part of the land of Circassia, a remote little place, where the Muscovite was no more than a rumor from afar.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE CIRCASSIAN AND HIS FAMILY In those days Kasi Mollah did not go by the name of Murstud--_i.e._, a pillar of the faith.

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading THE CIRCASSIAN AND HIS FAMILY In those days Kasi Mollah did not go by the name of Murstud--_i.e._, a pillar of the faith.

spatially or metaphorically from a lower to a higher position

From this reading Immense mountain-chains enclosed it within massive walls on both sides, rising bleak, interminable, and ever upwards into the dim distance.

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Immense mountain-chains enclosed it within massive walls on both sides, rising bleak, interminable, and ever upwards into the dim distance.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was a simple sheik at Himri, in the northern part of the land of Circassia, a remote little place, where the Muscovite was no more than a rumor from afar.

in or at the place that

From this reading He was a simple sheik at Himri, in the northern part of the land of Circassia, a remote little place, where the Muscovite was no more than a rumor from afar.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the midst of this valley of eternal shadows arose a third rocky mass, forming--on both sides--a steep, ladder-like wall; and, after extending far among the other mountains, terminating in a ragged-looking, concave hill, defended by the junction of the impetuous mountain streams, which dug a deep hollow among the excavated rocks.

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading Immense mountain-chains enclosed it within massive walls on both sides, rising bleak, interminable, and ever upwards into the dim distance.