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The Little Dauphin
The Little Dauphin

Chapter IV · In the Temple

Chapter IV of The Little Dauphin, “In the Temple,” is here in full — 111 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
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The French Revolution pursued its terrible course, and war with Austria was finally added to the internal disorders that distracted the unhappy country.
The people, kept in a constant tumult by the false reports and incessant assaults of the bloody Jacobins, hated the King more than ever.
Not content with depriving him of his liberty and his throne, and subjecting him to the deepest humiliations, the brutal mob also demanded his life.
The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.
The Temple was originally the residence of the Grand Priors of the Knights Templars, and in the thirteenth century occupied an extensive area, acquired by the purchase of surrounding lands.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Little Dauphin

Chapter IV · In the Temple

Chapter IV of The Little Dauphin, “In the Temple,” is here in full — 111 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The French Revolution pursued its terrible course, and war with Austria was finally added to the internal disorders that distracted the unhappy country.
/ðə frentʃ ˌrevəˈluːʃən pərˈsuːd ɪts ˈterəbəl kɔːrs ənd wɔːr wɪð ˈɔːstriə wɑːz ˈfaɪnəli ˈædəd tuː ðə ˌɪnˈtɜːrnəl dɪˈsɔːrdərz ðæt dɪˈstræktəd ðə ənˈhæpi ˈkʌntri/
Line 2
The people, kept in a constant tumult by the false reports and incessant assaults of the bloody Jacobins, hated the King more than ever.
Line 3
Not content with depriving him of his liberty and his throne, and subjecting him to the deepest humiliations, the brutal mob also demanded his life.
/nɑːt ˈkɑːntent wɪð dɪˈpraɪvɪŋ hɪm ʌv hɪz ˈlɪb.ər.ti ənd hɪz θroʊn ənd səbˈdʒektɪŋ hɪm tuː ðə ˈdiːpəst ˌhjuːmɪliˈeɪʃənz ðə ˈbruːtəl mɑːb ˈɔːlsoʊ dɪˈmændəd hɪz laɪf/
Line 4
The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.
Line 5
The Temple was originally the residence of the Grand Priors of the Knights Templars, and in the thirteenth century occupied an extensive area, acquired by the purchase of surrounding lands.
/ðə ˈtempəl wɑːz ərˈɪdʒənəli ðə ˈrezɪdəns ʌv ðə ɡrænd ˈpraɪərz ʌv ðə naɪts ˈtemplərz ənd ɪn ðə ˈθɜːr.tiːnθ ˈsentʃəri ˈɑːkjəpaɪd æn ɪkˈstensɪv ˈeriə əˈkwaɪərd baɪ ðə ˈpɜːrtʃəs ʌv sərˈaʊndɪŋ lændz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

assaults noun US /əˈsɔːlts/

plural of “assault” — close fighting during the culmination of a military attack

From this reading “The people, kept in a constant tumult by the false reports and incessant assaults of the bloody Jacobins, hated the King more than ever.”

depriving verb US /dɪˈpraɪvɪŋ/

-ing form of “deprive” — take away possessions from someone

From this reading “Not content with depriving him of his liberty and his throne, and subjecting him to the deepest humiliations, the brutal mob also demanded his life.”

disorders noun US /dɪˈsɔːrdərz/

plural of “disorder” — a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning

From this reading “The French Revolution pursued its terrible course, and war with Austria was finally added to the internal disorders that distracted the unhappy country.”

guillotine noun US /ˈɡɪlətiːn/

closure imposed on the debate of specific sections of a bill

From this reading “The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.”

humiliations noun US /ˌhjuːmɪliˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “humiliation” — state of disgrace or loss of self-respect

From this reading “Not content with depriving him of his liberty and his throne, and subjecting him to the deepest humiliations, the brutal mob also demanded his life.”

Priors noun US /ˈpraɪərz/

plural of “prior” — the head of a religious order; in an abbey the prior is next below the abbot

From this reading “The Temple was originally the residence of the Grand Priors of the Knights Templars, and in the thirteenth century occupied an extensive area, acquired by the purchase of surrounding lands.”

subjecting verb US /səbˈdʒektɪŋ/

-ing form of “subject” — cause to experience or suffer or make liable or vulnerable to

From this reading “Not content with depriving him of his liberty and his throne, and subjecting him to the deepest humiliations, the brutal mob also demanded his life.”

Templars noun US /ˈtemplərz/

plural of “templar” — a knight of a religious military order established in 1118 to protect pilgrims and the Holy Sepulcher

From this reading “The Temple was originally the residence of the Grand Priors of the Knights Templars, and in the thirteenth century occupied an extensive area, acquired by the purchase of surrounding lands.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

thirteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “The Temple was originally the residence of the Grand Priors of the Knights Templars, and in the thirteenth century occupied an extensive area, acquired by the purchase of surrounding lands.”

royal family adjective + noun

royal persons collectively

In this reading “The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.”

went forth verb + particle counted as “go forth”

go away from a place

In this reading “The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.”

first step adjective + noun

the first of a series of actions

In this reading “The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.”

All words in this reading · 109

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

14

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

1792

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The people, kept in a constant tumult by the false reports and incessant assaults of the bloody Jacobins, hated the King more than ever.

acquiredadjectiveUS /əˈkwaɪərd/

gotten through environmental forces

From this reading The Temple was originally the residence of the Grand Priors of the Knights Templars, and in the thirteenth century occupied an extensive area, acquired by the purchase of surrounding lands.

addedverbUS /ˈædəd/

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading The French Revolution pursued its terrible course, and war with Austria was finally added to the internal disorders that distracted the unhappy country.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Not content with depriving him of his liberty and his throne, and subjecting him to the deepest humiliations, the brutal mob also demanded his life.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The Temple was originally the residence of the Grand Priors of the Knights Templars, and in the thirteenth century occupied an extensive area, acquired by the purchase of surrounding lands.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The French Revolution pursued its terrible course, and war with Austria was finally added to the internal disorders that distracted the unhappy country.

areanounUS /ˈeriə/

a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography)

From this reading The Temple was originally the residence of the Grand Priors of the Knights Templars, and in the thirteenth century occupied an extensive area, acquired by the purchase of surrounding lands.

arrestverbUS /ərˈest/

take into custody

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

assaultsnounUS /əˈsɔːlts/

plural of “assault” — close fighting during the culmination of a military attack

From this reading The people, kept in a constant tumult by the false reports and incessant assaults of the bloody Jacobins, hated the King more than ever.

AugustnounUS /ˈɑːɡəst/

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

AustrianounUS /ˈɔːstriə/

a mountainous republic in central Europe; under the Habsburgs (1278-1918) Austria maintained control of the Holy Roman Empire and was a leader in European politics until the 19th century

From this reading The French Revolution pursued its terrible course, and war with Austria was finally added to the internal disorders that distracted the unhappy country.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

bloodyadjectiveUS /ˈblʌdi/

having or covered with or accompanied by blood

From this reading The people, kept in a constant tumult by the false reports and incessant assaults of the bloody Jacobins, hated the King more than ever.

brutaladjectiveUS /ˈbruːtəl/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading Not content with depriving him of his liberty and his throne, and subjecting him to the deepest humiliations, the brutal mob also demanded his life.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The people, kept in a constant tumult by the false reports and incessant assaults of the bloody Jacobins, hated the King more than ever.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading The Temple was originally the residence of the Grand Priors of the Knights Templars, and in the thirteenth century occupied an extensive area, acquired by the purchase of surrounding lands.

closedadjectiveUS /kloʊzd/

not open or affording passage or access

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

constantadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstənt/

unvarying in nature

From this reading The people, kept in a constant tumult by the false reports and incessant assaults of the bloody Jacobins, hated the King more than ever.

contentnounUS /ˈkɑːntent/

(usually plural) everything that is included in a collection and that is held or included in something

From this reading Not content with depriving him of his liberty and his throne, and subjecting him to the deepest humiliations, the brutal mob also demanded his life.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The French Revolution pursued its terrible course, and war with Austria was finally added to the internal disorders that distracted the unhappy country.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading The French Revolution pursued its terrible course, and war with Austria was finally added to the internal disorders that distracted the unhappy country.

deepestadjectiveUS /ˈdiːpəst/

superlative of “deep” — relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading Not content with depriving him of his liberty and his throne, and subjecting him to the deepest humiliations, the brutal mob also demanded his life.

demandedverbUS /dɪˈmændəd/

past form of “demand” — request urgently and forcefully

From this reading Not content with depriving him of his liberty and his throne, and subjecting him to the deepest humiliations, the brutal mob also demanded his life.

deprivingverbUS /dɪˈpraɪvɪŋ/

-ing form of “deprive” — take away possessions from someone

From this reading Not content with depriving him of his liberty and his throne, and subjecting him to the deepest humiliations, the brutal mob also demanded his life.

disordersnounUS /dɪˈsɔːrdərz/

plural of “disorder” — a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning

From this reading The French Revolution pursued its terrible course, and war with Austria was finally added to the internal disorders that distracted the unhappy country.

distractedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstræktəd/

having the attention diverted especially because of anxiety

From this reading The French Revolution pursued its terrible course, and war with Austria was finally added to the internal disorders that distracted the unhappy country.

dreadfuladjectiveUS /ˈdredfəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

dénouement

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading The people, kept in a constant tumult by the false reports and incessant assaults of the bloody Jacobins, hated the King more than ever.

extensiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstensɪv/

large in spatial extent or range or scope or quantity

From this reading The Temple was originally the residence of the Grand Priors of the Knights Templars, and in the thirteenth century occupied an extensive area, acquired by the purchase of surrounding lands.

falseadjectiveUS /fɔːls/

not in accordance with the fact or reality or actuality

From this reading The people, kept in a constant tumult by the false reports and incessant assaults of the bloody Jacobins, hated the King more than ever.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

finallyadverbUS /ˈfaɪnəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading The French Revolution pursued its terrible course, and war with Austria was finally added to the internal disorders that distracted the unhappy country.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

formaladjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrməl/

being in accord with established forms and conventions and requirements (as e.g. of formal dress)

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading The French Revolution pursued its terrible course, and war with Austria was finally added to the internal disorders that distracted the unhappy country.

gatesnounUS /ɡeɪts/

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

GrandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading The Temple was originally the residence of the Grand Priors of the Knights Templars, and in the thirteenth century occupied an extensive area, acquired by the purchase of surrounding lands.

guillotinenounUS /ˈɡɪlətiːn/

closure imposed on the debate of specific sections of a bill

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

hatedadjectiveUS /ˈheɪtəd/

treated with dislike or contempt

From this reading The people, kept in a constant tumult by the false reports and incessant assaults of the bloody Jacobins, hated the King more than ever.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Not content with depriving him of his liberty and his throne, and subjecting him to the deepest humiliations, the brutal mob also demanded his life.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Not content with depriving him of his liberty and his throne, and subjecting him to the deepest humiliations, the brutal mob also demanded his life.

humiliationsnounUS /ˌhjuːmɪliˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “humiliation” — state of disgrace or loss of self-respect

From this reading Not content with depriving him of his liberty and his throne, and subjecting him to the deepest humiliations, the brutal mob also demanded his life.

imprisonmentnounUS /ˌɪmˈprɪzənmənt/

putting someone in prison or in jail as lawful punishment

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The people, kept in a constant tumult by the false reports and incessant assaults of the bloody Jacobins, hated the King more than ever.

incessantadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈsesənt/

uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing

From this reading The people, kept in a constant tumult by the false reports and incessant assaults of the bloody Jacobins, hated the King more than ever.

internaladjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located within some limits or especially surface

From this reading The French Revolution pursued its terrible course, and war with Austria was finally added to the internal disorders that distracted the unhappy country.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The French Revolution pursued its terrible course, and war with Austria was finally added to the internal disorders that distracted the unhappy country.

Jacobins

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The people, kept in a constant tumult by the false reports and incessant assaults of the bloody Jacobins, hated the King more than ever.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading The people, kept in a constant tumult by the false reports and incessant assaults of the bloody Jacobins, hated the King more than ever.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading The people, kept in a constant tumult by the false reports and incessant assaults of the bloody Jacobins, hated the King more than ever.

KnightsnounUS /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading The Temple was originally the residence of the Grand Priors of the Knights Templars, and in the thirteenth century occupied an extensive area, acquired by the purchase of surrounding lands.

landsnounUS /lændz/

plural of “land” — the land on which real estate is located

From this reading The Temple was originally the residence of the Grand Priors of the Knights Templars, and in the thirteenth century occupied an extensive area, acquired by the purchase of surrounding lands.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

libertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading Not content with depriving him of his liberty and his throne, and subjecting him to the deepest humiliations, the brutal mob also demanded his life.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Not content with depriving him of his liberty and his throne, and subjecting him to the deepest humiliations, the brutal mob also demanded his life.

mobnounUS /mɑːb/

a disorderly crowd of people

From this reading Not content with depriving him of his liberty and his throne, and subjecting him to the deepest humiliations, the brutal mob also demanded his life.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The people, kept in a constant tumult by the false reports and incessant assaults of the bloody Jacobins, hated the King more than ever.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Not content with depriving him of his liberty and his throne, and subjecting him to the deepest humiliations, the brutal mob also demanded his life.

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading The Temple was originally the residence of the Grand Priors of the Knights Templars, and in the thirteenth century occupied an extensive area, acquired by the purchase of surrounding lands.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The people, kept in a constant tumult by the false reports and incessant assaults of the bloody Jacobins, hated the King more than ever.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

originallyadverbUS /ərˈɪdʒənəli/

in an original manner

From this reading The Temple was originally the residence of the Grand Priors of the Knights Templars, and in the thirteenth century occupied an extensive area, acquired by the purchase of surrounding lands.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The people, kept in a constant tumult by the false reports and incessant assaults of the bloody Jacobins, hated the King more than ever.

PriorsnounUS /ˈpraɪərz/

plural of “prior” — the head of a religious order; in an abbey the prior is next below the abbot

From this reading The Temple was originally the residence of the Grand Priors of the Knights Templars, and in the thirteenth century occupied an extensive area, acquired by the purchase of surrounding lands.

prisonnounUS /ˈprɪzən/

a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

purchasenounUS /ˈpɜːrtʃəs/

the acquisition of something for payment

From this reading The Temple was originally the residence of the Grand Priors of the Knights Templars, and in the thirteenth century occupied an extensive area, acquired by the purchase of surrounding lands.

pursuednounUS /pərˈsuːd/

a person who is being chased

From this reading The French Revolution pursued its terrible course, and war with Austria was finally added to the internal disorders that distracted the unhappy country.

reportsnounUS /rɪˈpɔːrts/

plural of “report” — a written document describing the findings of some individual or group

From this reading The people, kept in a constant tumult by the false reports and incessant assaults of the bloody Jacobins, hated the King more than ever.

residencenounUS /ˈrezɪdəns/

any address at which you dwell more than temporarily

From this reading The Temple was originally the residence of the Grand Priors of the Knights Templars, and in the thirteenth century occupied an extensive area, acquired by the purchase of surrounding lands.

RevolutionnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading The French Revolution pursued its terrible course, and war with Austria was finally added to the internal disorders that distracted the unhappy country.

royaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

subjectingverbUS /səbˈdʒektɪŋ/

-ing form of “subject” — cause to experience or suffer or make liable or vulnerable to

From this reading Not content with depriving him of his liberty and his throne, and subjecting him to the deepest humiliations, the brutal mob also demanded his life.

surroundingadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪŋ/

closely encircling

From this reading The Temple was originally the residence of the Grand Priors of the Knights Templars, and in the thirteenth century occupied an extensive area, acquired by the purchase of surrounding lands.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

TemplarsnounUS /ˈtemplərz/

plural of “templar” — a knight of a religious military order established in 1118 to protect pilgrims and the Holy Sepulcher

From this reading The Temple was originally the residence of the Grand Priors of the Knights Templars, and in the thirteenth century occupied an extensive area, acquired by the purchase of surrounding lands.

TemplenounUS /ˈtempəl/

place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

terribleadjectiveUS /ˈterəbəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading The French Revolution pursued its terrible course, and war with Austria was finally added to the internal disorders that distracted the unhappy country.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The people, kept in a constant tumult by the false reports and incessant assaults of the bloody Jacobins, hated the King more than ever.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The French Revolution pursued its terrible course, and war with Austria was finally added to the internal disorders that distracted the unhappy country.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The French Revolution pursued its terrible course, and war with Austria was finally added to the internal disorders that distracted the unhappy country.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

thirteenthadjectiveUS /ˈθɜːr.tiːnθ/

Constituting number thirteen in a sequence.

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

thronenounUS /θroʊn/

the chair of state for a monarch, bishop, etc.

From this reading Not content with depriving him of his liberty and his throne, and subjecting him to the deepest humiliations, the brutal mob also demanded his life.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The French Revolution pursued its terrible course, and war with Austria was finally added to the internal disorders that distracted the unhappy country.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

tragedynounUS /ˈtrædʒədi/

an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

tumultnounUS /ˈtuːməlt/

a state of commotion and noise and confusion

From this reading The people, kept in a constant tumult by the false reports and incessant assaults of the bloody Jacobins, hated the King more than ever.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

unhappyadjectiveUS /ənˈhæpi/

experiencing or marked by or causing sadness or sorrow or discontent

From this reading The French Revolution pursued its terrible course, and war with Austria was finally added to the internal disorders that distracted the unhappy country.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading The French Revolution pursued its terrible course, and war with Austria was finally added to the internal disorders that distracted the unhappy country.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The French Revolution pursued its terrible course, and war with Austria was finally added to the internal disorders that distracted the unhappy country.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The first step toward this dreadful _dénouement_ of the tragedy was the formal arrest of the royal family and their imprisonment in the Temple.[14] On the thirteenth of August, 1792, they were taken to this prison, the gates of which closed behind the King, never to open for him again till he went forth to lay his head under the guillotine.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The French Revolution pursued its terrible course, and war with Austria was finally added to the internal disorders that distracted the unhappy country.

Chapter 4 of The Little Dauphin by Franz Hoffmann holds 111 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Little Dauphin contain?

Chapter 4 holds 111 sentences of The Little Dauphin, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Little Dauphin by Franz Hoffmann exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 111 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Little Dauphin?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Little Dauphin

Common questions about reading The Little Dauphin by Franz Hoffmann on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Little Dauphin?

Yes. All 1355 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #62650 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Little Dauphin is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #62650, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Little Dauphin take to read?

About 112 minutes of reading across 271 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Little Dauphin section by section

How to work through The Little Dauphin section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 7 chapters of The Little Dauphin to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Little Dauphin

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Little Dauphin, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Translated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Little Dauphin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
German
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Little Dauphin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Franz
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Little Dauphin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hoffmann
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Little Dauphin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.