adeterminerUS /ə/
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading It was a stag lunch.
afternoonnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːn/
the part of the day between noon and evening
From this reading And all the afternoon, looking over prize Merinos and Berkshire gilts, continually that vision burned up under his eyelids.
againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/
touching and pressing; in opposition to
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/
(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class
From this reading And all the afternoon, looking over prize Merinos and Berkshire gilts, continually that vision burned up under his eyelids.
andconjunctionUS /ənd/
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
AsconjunctionUS /æz/
at the same time that; because; in the way that
From this reading As Forrest explained, the girls were "hen-partying."
atprepositionUS /æt/
in or near a particular place or position
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
backgroundnounUS /ˈbækɡraʊnd/
a person's social heritage: previous experience or training
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
BerkshirenounUS /ˈbɜːrkʃər/
a county in southern England
From this reading And all the afternoon, looking over prize Merinos and Berkshire gilts, continually that vision burned up under his eyelids.
breedingnounUS /ˈbriːdɪŋ/
elegance by virtue of fineness of manner and expression
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
breedsnounUS /briːdz/
plural of “breed” — a special variety of domesticated animals within a species
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
burnedadjectiveUS /bɜːrnd/
treated by heating to a high temperature but below the melting or fusing point
From this reading And all the afternoon, looking over prize Merinos and Berkshire gilts, continually that vision burned up under his eyelids.
continuallyadverbUS /kənˈtɪnjuːəli/
seemingly without interruption
From this reading And all the afternoon, looking over prize Merinos and Berkshire gilts, continually that vision burned up under his eyelids.
contributedverbUS /kənˈtrɪbjuːtɪd/
past form of “contribute” — bestow a quality on
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
conversationnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/
the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
darknounUS /dɑːrk/
absence of light or illumination
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
delicateadjectiveUS /ˈdeləkət/
exquisitely fine and subtle and pleasing; susceptible to injury
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
doubtnounUS /daʊt/
the state of being unsure of something
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
Ernestine
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
explainedverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪnd/
past form of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible
From this reading As Forrest explained, the girls were "hen-partying."
eyelidsnounUS /ˈaɪlɪdz/
plural of “eyelid” — either of two folds of skin that can be moved to cover or open the eye
From this reading And all the afternoon, looking over prize Merinos and Berkshire gilts, continually that vision burned up under his eyelids.
eyesnounUS /aɪz/
opinion or judgment
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
Forrest
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading As Forrest explained, the girls were "hen-partying."
fournounUS /fɔːr/
the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
fromprepositionUS /frʌm/
showing where something starts, or who sent it
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
giltsnounUS /ɡɪlts/
plural of “gilt” — a coating of gold or of something that looks like gold
From this reading And all the afternoon, looking over prize Merinos and Berkshire gilts, continually that vision burned up under his eyelids.
girlsnounUS /ɡɜːrlz/
plural of “girl” — a young female
From this reading As Forrest explained, the girls were "hen-partying."
goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/
the act of departing
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
GrahamnounUS /ˈɡreɪəm/
United States evangelical preacher famous as a mass evangelist (born in 1918)
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
hen-partying
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading As Forrest explained, the girls were "hen-partying."
herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/
belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/
belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
hostessnounUS /ˈhoʊstəs/
a woman host
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
IpronounUS /aɪ/
the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
imagenounUS /ˈɪmədʒ/
an iconic mental representation
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
inprepositionUS /ɪn/
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/
the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
ItpronounUS /ɪt/
a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
From this reading It was a stag lunch.
learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/
having or showing profound knowledge
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
leastadjectiveUS /liːst/
the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/
the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually
From this reading And all the afternoon, looking over prize Merinos and Berkshire gilts, continually that vision burned up under his eyelids.
lunchverbUS /lʌntʃ/
take the midday meal
From this reading It was a stag lunch.
mepronounUS /miː/
the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
mennounUS /men/
the force of workers available
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
Merinos
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading And all the afternoon, looking over prize Merinos and Berkshire gilts, continually that vision burned up under his eyelids.
mitenounUS /maɪt/
a slight but appreciable amount
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/
to a great degree or extent
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
o'clockadverbUS /əˈklɑːk/
according to the clock
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
ofprepositionUS /ʌv/
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
onprepositionUS /ɑːn/
touching and supported by a surface
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
onepronounUS /wʌn/
used to mean any person in general, including the speaker
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/
and nothing more
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/
above and across; more than
From this reading And all the afternoon, looking over prize Merinos and Berkshire gilts, continually that vision burned up under his eyelids.
ownverbUS /oʊn/
have ownership or possession of
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
partnounUS /pɑːrt/
something determined in relation to something that includes it
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
Paula's
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
persistentadjectiveUS /pərˈsɪstənt/
never-ceasing
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
pledgedadjectiveUS /pledʒd/
bound by or as if by an oath
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
prizenounUS /praɪz/
something given for victory or superiority in a contest or competition or for winning a lottery
From this reading And all the afternoon, looking over prize Merinos and Berkshire gilts, continually that vision burned up under his eyelids.
roundedadjectiveUS /ˈraʊndəd/
curving and somewhat round in shape rather than jagged
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
satnounUS /sæt/
the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
seeverbUS /siː/
perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
shakeverbUS /ʃeɪk/
move or cause to move back and forth
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
she's
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
sistersnounUS /ˈsɪstərz/
plural of “sister” — a female person who has the same parents as another person
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
soconjunctionUS /soʊ/
for that reason; with the result that
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
soulnounUS /soʊl/
the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
stagverbUS /stæɡ/
attend a dance or a party without a female companion
From this reading It was a stag lunch.
stallionnounUS /ˈstæljən/
uncastrated adult male horse
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
swimmingnounUS /ˈswɪmɪŋ/
the act of swimming
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
tennisnounUS /ˈtenəs/
a game played with rackets by two or four players who hit a ball back and forth over a net that divides the court
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/
used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt
From this reading And all the afternoon, looking over prize Merinos and Berkshire gilts, continually that vision burned up under his eyelids.
that's
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
thedeterminerUS /ðə/
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading As Forrest explained, the girls were "hen-partying."
thempronounUS /ðem/
the people or things already mentioned, as the object
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
threatenedadjectiveUS /ˈθretənd/
(of flora or fauna) likely in the near future to become endangered
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
throughprepositionUS /θruː/
from one end or side of something to the other
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
tillprepositionUS /tɪl/
up to a particular time
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
toparticleUS /tuː/
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
tookverbUS /tʊk/
inflected form of “take” — carry out
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
unableadjectiveUS /əˈneɪbəl/
(usually followed by “to”) not having the necessary means or skill or know-how
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/
below or beneath something; less than
From this reading And all the afternoon, looking over prize Merinos and Berkshire gilts, continually that vision burned up under his eyelids.
upadjectiveUS /ʌp/
being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level
From this reading And all the afternoon, looking over prize Merinos and Berkshire gilts, continually that vision burned up under his eyelids.
visionnounUS /ˈvɪʒən/
a vivid mental image
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
wallopverbUS /ˈwɑːləp/
hit hard
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/
the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading It was a stag lunch.
wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/
the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading As Forrest explained, the girls were "hen-partying."
wetadjectiveUS /wet/
covered or soaked with a liquid such as water
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
whenconjunctionUS /wen/
at the time that
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
whereconjunctionUS /wer/
in or at the place that
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
whitenounUS /waɪt/
a Caucasian
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
world-experiences
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading And Graham sat through the lunch, where only men sat, took his part in the conversation on breeds and breeding, learned much, contributed a mite from his own world-experiences, and was unable to shake from his eyes the persistent image of his hostess, the vision of the rounded and delicate white of her against the dark wet background of the swimming stallion.
you'll
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading "I doubt you'll see a soul of them till four o'clock, when Ernestine, that's one of Paula's sisters, is going to wallop me at tennis--at least so she's threatened and pledged."
