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The Long Shadow
The Long Shadow

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Long Shadow is here in full — 92 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Long Shadow
Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.
He was range-bred--as purely Western as were the cattle he tended--but he was not altogether ignorant of the ways of the world, past or present.
He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.
From the time he was sixteen he had lived chiefly in tents and line-camp cabins, his world the land of far horizons, of big sins, and virtues bigger.
One creed he owned: to live "square," fight square, and to be loyal to his friends and his "outfit."
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Long Shadow

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Long Shadow is here in full — 92 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.
Line 2
He was range-bred--as purely Western as were the cattle he tended--but he was not altogether ignorant of the ways of the world, past or present.
Line 3
He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.
/hiː hæd ðæt ˈsmætərɪŋ ʌv ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən wɪtʃ ˈkʌntri skuːlz ənd ðoʊz ʌv ðə ˈkaʊnti siːt meɪ ɡɪv ə bɔɪ huː lʌvz ə hɔːrs ˈbetər ðæn bʊks ənd huː ˈsɪtɪŋ hʌntʃt bɪˈhaɪnd hɪz dʒiˈɑːɡrəfi driːmz ʌv ˈraɪdɪŋ əˈfɑːr ʌv ˈʃuːtɪŋ waɪld θɪŋz ənd ʌv ˈsliːpɪŋ ˈʌndər ðə stɑːrz/
Line 4
From the time he was sixteen he had lived chiefly in tents and line-camp cabins, his world the land of far horizons, of big sins, and virtues bigger.
Line 5
One creed he owned: to live "square," fight square, and to be loyal to his friends and his "outfit."
/wʌn kriːd hiː oʊnd tuː laɪv skwer faɪt skwer ənd tuː biː ˈlɔɪəl tuː hɪz frendz ənd hɪz ˈaʊtfɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Boyle noun US /bɔɪl/

United States writer (1902-1992)

From this reading “_Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.”

cabins noun US /ˈkæbənz/

plural of “cabin” — small room on a ship or boat where people sleep

From this reading “From the time he was sixteen he had lived chiefly in tents and line-camp cabins, his world the land of far horizons, of big sins, and virtues bigger.”

geography noun US /dʒiˈɑːɡrəfi/

study of the earth's surface; includes people's responses to topography and climate and soil and vegetation

From this reading “He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.”

horizons noun US /hərˈaɪzənz/

plural of “horizon” — the line at which the sky and Earth appear to meet

From this reading “From the time he was sixteen he had lived chiefly in tents and line-camp cabins, his world the land of far horizons, of big sins, and virtues bigger.”

hunched adjective US /hʌntʃt/

having the back and shoulders rounded; not erect

From this reading “He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.”

ideals noun US /aɪˈdiːlz/

plural of “ideal” — the idea of something that is perfect; something that one hopes to attain

From this reading “_Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.”

smattering noun US /ˈsmætərɪŋ/

a small number or amount

From this reading “He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.”

tended verb US /ˈtendɪd/

past form of “tend” — have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined

From this reading “He was range-bred--as purely Western as were the cattle he tended--but he was not altogether ignorant of the ways of the world, past or present.”

All words in this reading · 105

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

afaradverbUS /əˈfɑːr/

(old-fashioned) at or from or to a great distance; far

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

altogetheradverbUS /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading He was range-bred--as purely Western as were the cattle he tended--but he was not altogether ignorant of the ways of the world, past or present.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading One creed he owned: to live "square," fight square, and to be loyal to his friends and his "outfit."

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading From the time he was sixteen he had lived chiefly in tents and line-camp cabins, his world the land of far horizons, of big sins, and virtues bigger.

biggeradjectiveUS /ˈbɪɡər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading From the time he was sixteen he had lived chiefly in tents and line-camp cabins, his world the land of far horizons, of big sins, and virtues bigger.

BillynounUS /ˈbɪli/

a short stout club used primarily by policemen

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

BoylenounUS /bɔɪl/

United States writer (1902-1992)

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He was range-bred--as purely Western as were the cattle he tended--but he was not altogether ignorant of the ways of the world, past or present.

cabinsnounUS /ˈkæbənz/

plural of “cabin” — small room on a ship or boat where people sleep

From this reading From the time he was sixteen he had lived chiefly in tents and line-camp cabins, his world the land of far horizons, of big sins, and virtues bigger.

cattlenounUS /ˈkætəl/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading He was range-bred--as purely Western as were the cattle he tended--but he was not altogether ignorant of the ways of the world, past or present.

CharmingadjectiveUS /ˈtʃɑːrmɪŋ/

pleasing or delighting

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

chieflyadverbUS /ˈtʃiːfli/

for the most part

From this reading From the time he was sixteen he had lived chiefly in tents and line-camp cabins, his world the land of far horizons, of big sins, and virtues bigger.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

countynounUS /ˈkaʊnti/

(United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

creednounUS /kriːd/

any system of principles or beliefs

From this reading One creed he owned: to live "square," fight square, and to be loyal to his friends and his "outfit."

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

dreamsnounUS /driːmz/

plural of “dream” — a series of mental images and emotions occurring during sleep

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading From the time he was sixteen he had lived chiefly in tents and line-camp cabins, his world the land of far horizons, of big sins, and virtues bigger.

FightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading One creed he owned: to live "square," fight square, and to be loyal to his friends and his "outfit."

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From the time he was sixteen he had lived chiefly in tents and line-camp cabins, his world the land of far horizons, of big sins, and virtues bigger.

geographynounUS /dʒiˈɑːɡrəfi/

study of the earth's surface; includes people's responses to topography and climate and soil and vegetation

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

Hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

horizonsnounUS /hərˈaɪzənz/

plural of “horizon” — the line at which the sky and Earth appear to meet

From this reading From the time he was sixteen he had lived chiefly in tents and line-camp cabins, his world the land of far horizons, of big sins, and virtues bigger.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

hunchedadjectiveUS /hʌntʃt/

having the back and shoulders rounded; not erect

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

idealsnounUS /aɪˈdiːlz/

plural of “ideal” — the idea of something that is perfect; something that one hopes to attain

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

ignorantadjectiveUS /ˈɪɡnərənt/

uneducated in general; lacking knowledge or sophistication

From this reading He was range-bred--as purely Western as were the cattle he tended--but he was not altogether ignorant of the ways of the world, past or present.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading From the time he was sixteen he had lived chiefly in tents and line-camp cabins, his world the land of far horizons, of big sins, and virtues bigger.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading From the time he was sixteen he had lived chiefly in tents and line-camp cabins, his world the land of far horizons, of big sins, and virtues bigger.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

line-camp

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the time he was sixteen he had lived chiefly in tents and line-camp cabins, his world the land of far horizons, of big sins, and virtues bigger.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading One creed he owned: to live "square," fight square, and to be loyal to his friends and his "outfit."

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading From the time he was sixteen he had lived chiefly in tents and line-camp cabins, his world the land of far horizons, of big sins, and virtues bigger.

lovesnounUS /lʌvz/

plural of “love” — a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

loyaladjectiveUS /ˈlɔɪəl/

steadfast in allegiance or duty

From this reading One creed he owned: to live "square," fight square, and to be loyal to his friends and his "outfit."

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One creed he owned: to live "square," fight square, and to be loyal to his friends and his "outfit."

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He was range-bred--as purely Western as were the cattle he tended--but he was not altogether ignorant of the ways of the world, past or present.

outfitnounUS /ˈaʊtfɪt/

any cohesive unit such as a military company

From this reading One creed he owned: to live "square," fight square, and to be loyal to his friends and his "outfit."

ownedadjectiveUS /oʊnd/

having an owner; often used in combination

From this reading One creed he owned: to live "square," fight square, and to be loyal to his friends and his "outfit."

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading He was range-bred--as purely Western as were the cattle he tended--but he was not altogether ignorant of the ways of the world, past or present.

philosophynounUS /fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading He was range-bred--as purely Western as were the cattle he tended--but he was not altogether ignorant of the ways of the world, past or present.

purelyadverbUS /ˈpjʊrli/

restricted to something

From this reading He was range-bred--as purely Western as were the cattle he tended--but he was not altogether ignorant of the ways of the world, past or present.

range-bred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was range-bred--as purely Western as were the cattle he tended--but he was not altogether ignorant of the ways of the world, past or present.

recognizeverbUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/

accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

ridingnounUS /ˈraɪdɪŋ/

the sport of sitting on the back of a horse while controlling its movements

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

schoolsnounUS /skuːlz/

plural of “school” — an educational institution

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

shootingnounUS /ˈʃuːtɪŋ/

the act of firing a projectile

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

sinsnounUS /sɪnz/

plural of “sin” — estrangement from god

From this reading From the time he was sixteen he had lived chiefly in tents and line-camp cabins, his world the land of far horizons, of big sins, and virtues bigger.

sittingnounUS /ˈsɪtɪŋ/

(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

sixteenadjectiveUS /sɪkˈstiːn/

being one more than fifteen

From this reading From the time he was sixteen he had lived chiefly in tents and line-camp cabins, his world the land of far horizons, of big sins, and virtues bigger.

sleepingnounUS /ˈsliːpɪŋ/

the state of being asleep

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

smatteringnounUS /ˈsmætərɪŋ/

a small number or amount

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading One creed he owned: to live "square," fight square, and to be loyal to his friends and his "outfit."

starsnounUS /stɑːrz/

plural of “star” — (astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

tendedverbUS /ˈtendɪd/

past form of “tend” — have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined

From this reading He was range-bred--as purely Western as were the cattle he tended--but he was not altogether ignorant of the ways of the world, past or present.

tentsnounUS /tents/

plural of “tent” — a portable shelter (usually of canvas stretched over supporting poles and fastened to the ground with ropes and pegs)

From this reading From the time he was sixteen he had lived chiefly in tents and line-camp cabins, his world the land of far horizons, of big sins, and virtues bigger.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He was range-bred--as purely Western as were the cattle he tended--but he was not altogether ignorant of the ways of the world, past or present.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading From the time he was sixteen he had lived chiefly in tents and line-camp cabins, his world the land of far horizons, of big sins, and virtues bigger.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

virtuesnounUS /ˈvɜːrtʃuːz/

plural of “virtue” — the quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong

From this reading From the time he was sixteen he had lived chiefly in tents and line-camp cabins, his world the land of far horizons, of big sins, and virtues bigger.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading He was range-bred--as purely Western as were the cattle he tended--but he was not altogether ignorant of the ways of the world, past or present.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He was range-bred--as purely Western as were the cattle he tended--but he was not altogether ignorant of the ways of the world, past or present.

WesternadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading He was range-bred--as purely Western as were the cattle he tended--but he was not altogether ignorant of the ways of the world, past or present.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading He had that smattering of education which country schools and those of "the county seat" may give a boy who loves a horse better than books, and who, sitting hunched behind his geography, dreams of riding afar, of shooting wild things and of sleeping under the stars.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading He was range-bred--as purely Western as were the cattle he tended--but he was not altogether ignorant of the ways of the world, past or present.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading _Charming Billy Has a Fight._ If Billy Boyle had any ideals he did not recognize them as such, and he would not have known just how to answer you if you had asked him what was his philosophy of life.

Chapter 3 of The Long Shadow by B. M. Bower holds 92 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Long Shadow contain?

Chapter 3 holds 92 sentences of The Long Shadow, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Long Shadow by B. M. Bower exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 92 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Long Shadow?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Long Shadow

Common questions about reading The Long Shadow by B. M. Bower on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Long Shadow?

Yes. All 2748 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12192 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Long Shadow is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12192, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Long Shadow take to read?

About 229 minutes of reading across 550 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Long Shadow section by section

How to work through The Long Shadow section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 23 chapters of The Long Shadow to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Long Shadow

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Long Shadow, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Charming
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Long Shadow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Billy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Long Shadow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Visitor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Long Shadow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rising
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Long Shadow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.