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The Long Shadow
The Long Shadow

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Long Shadow is here in full — 87 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Long Shadow
Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.
Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.
That he had left it as a crowning embellishment, rather than making it the foundation of his house-cleaning, only proved his inexperience in that line.
Billy had "bached" a great deal, but he had never blacked a stove in his life.
The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Long Shadow

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Long Shadow is here in full — 87 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.
Line 2
Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.
/sʌm ˈpredəsesər wɪð dəˈmestɪk ˈɪnstɪŋkts hæd left bɪˈhaɪnd hɪm hæf ə ˈpækədʒ ʌv ˈraɪzɪŋ sʌn ənd ˈbɪli hæd faʊnd ɪt ənd wɑːz ˌɪnˈtendɪŋ tuː ˈblækən ðə stoʊv dʒʌst æz suːn æz hiː ˈfɪnɪʃt ðə ˈdɪʃəz/
Line 3
That he had left it as a crowning embellishment, rather than making it the foundation of his house-cleaning, only proved his inexperience in that line.
Line 4
Billy had "bached" a great deal, but he had never blacked a stove in his life.
Line 5
The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

blacked verb US /blækt/

past form of “black” — make or become black

From this reading “Billy had "bached" a great deal, but he had never blacked a stove in his life.”

blacken verb US /ˈblækən/

make or become black

From this reading “Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.”

Boyle noun US /bɔɪl/

United States writer (1902-1992)

From this reading “The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."”

Canned adjective US /kænd/

recorded for broadcast

embellishment noun US /emˈbelɪʃmənt/

elaboration of an interpretation by the use of decorative (sometimes fictitious) detail

From this reading “That he had left it as a crowning embellishment, rather than making it the foundation of his house-cleaning, only proved his inexperience in that line.”

inexperience noun US /ˌɪnɪkˈspɪriəns/

lack of experience and the knowledge and understanding derived from experience

From this reading “That he had left it as a crowning embellishment, rather than making it the foundation of his house-cleaning, only proved his inexperience in that line.”

sardine noun US /sɑːrˈdiːn/

small fatty fish usually canned

From this reading “_Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.”

throes noun US /θroʊz/

violent pangs of suffering

From this reading “The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."”

All words in this reading · 103

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

amazementnounUS /əˈmeɪzmənt/

the feeling that accompanies something extremely surprising

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

bached

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Billy had "bached" a great deal, but he had never blacked a stove in his life.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.

BillynounUS /ˈbɪli/

a short stout club used primarily by policemen

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

blackedverbUS /blækt/

past form of “black” — make or become black

From this reading Billy had "bached" a great deal, but he had never blacked a stove in his life.

blackenverbUS /ˈblækən/

make or become black

From this reading Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.

blinkingadjectiveUS /ˈblɪŋkɪŋ/

closing the eyes intermittently and rapidly

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

BoylenounUS /bɔɪl/

United States writer (1902-1992)

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Billy had "bached" a great deal, but he had never blacked a stove in his life.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

CannedadjectiveUS /kænd/

recorded for broadcast

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

caughtverbUS /kɑːt/

inflected form of “catch” — discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

CharmingadjectiveUS /ˈtʃɑːrmɪŋ/

pleasing or delighting

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

crowningadjectiveUS /ˈkraʊnɪŋ/

representing a level of the highest possible achievement or attainment

From this reading That he had left it as a crowning embellishment, rather than making it the foundation of his house-cleaning, only proved his inexperience in that line.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading Billy had "bached" a great deal, but he had never blacked a stove in his life.

diggingnounUS /ˈdɪɡɪŋ/

the act of digging

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

dishesnounUS /ˈdɪʃəz/

plural of “dish” — a piece of dishware normally used as a container for holding or serving food

From this reading Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.

domesticadjectiveUS /dəˈmestɪk/

of concern to or concerning the internal affairs of a nation

From this reading Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.

Double-Crank

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

embellishmentnounUS /emˈbelɪʃmənt/

elaboration of an interpretation by the use of decorative (sometimes fictitious) detail

From this reading That he had left it as a crowning embellishment, rather than making it the foundation of his house-cleaning, only proved his inexperience in that line.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

fingersnounUS /ˈfɪŋɡərz/

plural of “finger” — any of the terminal members of the hand (sometimes excepting the thumb)

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

finishedadjectiveUS /ˈfɪnɪʃt/

(of materials or goods) brought to the desired final state

From this reading Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.

foremannounUS /ˈfɔːrmən/

a person who exercises control over workers

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.

foundationnounUS /faʊnˈdeɪʃən/

the basis on which something is grounded

From this reading That he had left it as a crowning embellishment, rather than making it the foundation of his house-cleaning, only proved his inexperience in that line.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

gazedverbUS /ɡeɪzd/

past form of “gaze” — look at with fixed eyes

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

glovedadjectiveUS /ɡlʌvd/

having the hands covered with gloves

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Billy had "bached" a great deal, but he had never blacked a stove in his life.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading That he had left it as a crowning embellishment, rather than making it the foundation of his house-cleaning, only proved his inexperience in that line.

house-cleaning

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That he had left it as a crowning embellishment, rather than making it the foundation of his house-cleaning, only proved his inexperience in that line.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

inexperiencenounUS /ˌɪnɪkˈspɪriəns/

lack of experience and the knowledge and understanding derived from experience

From this reading That he had left it as a crowning embellishment, rather than making it the foundation of his house-cleaning, only proved his inexperience in that line.

instinctsnounUS /ˈɪnstɪŋkts/

plural of “instinct” — inborn pattern of behavior often responsive to specific stimuli

From this reading Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.

intendingverbUS /ˌɪnˈtendɪŋ/

-ing form of “intend” — have in mind as a purpose

From this reading Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.

kickverbUS /kɪk/

drive or propel with the foot

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Billy had "bached" a great deal, but he had never blacked a stove in his life.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading That he had left it as a crowning embellishment, rather than making it the foundation of his house-cleaning, only proved his inexperience in that line.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading That he had left it as a crowning embellishment, rather than making it the foundation of his house-cleaning, only proved his inexperience in that line.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Billy had "bached" a great deal, but he had never blacked a stove in his life.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading That he had left it as a crowning embellishment, rather than making it the foundation of his house-cleaning, only proved his inexperience in that line.

opportunitynounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

packagenounUS /ˈpækədʒ/

a collection of things wrapped or boxed together

From this reading Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

predecessornounUS /ˈpredəsesər/

one who precedes you in time (as in holding a position or office)

From this reading Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.

provedadjectiveUS /pruːvd/

established beyond doubt

From this reading That he had left it as a crowning embellishment, rather than making it the foundation of his house-cleaning, only proved his inexperience in that line.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading That he had left it as a crowning embellishment, rather than making it the foundation of his house-cleaning, only proved his inexperience in that line.

RisingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪzɪŋ/

advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status

From this reading Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.

sardinenounUS /sɑːrˈdiːn/

small fatty fish usually canned

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.

stovenounUS /stoʊv/

a kitchen appliance used for cooking food

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

stove-blacking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

suddenadjectiveUS /ˈsʌdən/

happening without warning or in a short space of time

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

SunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading That he had left it as a crowning embellishment, rather than making it the foundation of his house-cleaning, only proved his inexperience in that line.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That he had left it as a crowning embellishment, rather than making it the foundation of his house-cleaning, only proved his inexperience in that line.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

throesnounUS /θroʊz/

violent pangs of suffering

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

top-hands

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

twilightnounUS /ˈtwaɪlaɪt/

the time of day immediately following sunset

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Some predecessor with domestic instincts had left behind him half a package of "Rising Sun," and Billy had found it and was intending to blacken the stove just as soon as he finished the dishes.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading _Canned._ The foreman came in, blinking at the sudden change from bright light to half twilight, and Charming Billy took the opportunity to kick a sardine can of stove-blacking under the stove where it would not be seen.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading The foreman passed gloved fingers over his eyes, held them there a moment, took them away and gazed in amazement; since he had been foreman of the Double-Crank--and the years were many--Charming Billy Boyle had been one of its "top-hands," and he had never before caught him in the throes of "digging out."

Chapter 4 of The Long Shadow by B. M. Bower holds 87 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Long Shadow contain?

Chapter 4 holds 87 sentences of The Long Shadow, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Long Shadow by B. M. Bower exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 87 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Long Shadow?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Long Shadow

Common questions about reading The Long Shadow by B. M. Bower on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Long Shadow?

Yes. All 2748 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12192 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Long Shadow is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12192, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Long Shadow take to read?

About 229 minutes of reading across 550 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Long Shadow section by section

How to work through The Long Shadow section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 23 chapters of The Long Shadow to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Long Shadow

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Long Shadow, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Charming
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Long Shadow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Billy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Long Shadow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Visitor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Long Shadow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rising
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Long Shadow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.