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The long trail: A story of African adventure
The long trail: A story of African adventure

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of The long trail: A story of African adventure is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
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THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.
It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.
The first consideration, however, was the welfare of his boys.
They depended for their food on the willingness of the natives to sell.
Hitherto there had been no difficulty in this respect; but they carried only enough for a few days' supply, and at present their provisions were exhausted.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The long trail: A story of African adventure

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of The long trail: A story of African adventure is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.
Line 2
It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.
/ɪt wɑːz ˈsɜːrtənli tuː biː hoʊpt ðæt ðə ˈpiːsfəl ˈɑːbdʒekts ʌv hɪz ˌekspəˈdɪʃən wʊd nɑːt biː ˈhɪndərd baɪ ɪnˈkaʊntərz wɪð ðoʊz ˈtɜːrbjələnt ˈsævədʒəz/
Line 3
The first consideration, however, was the welfare of his boys.
/ðə fɜːrst kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən ˌhaʊˈevər wɑːz ðə ˈwelfer ʌv hɪz bɔɪz/
Line 4
They depended for their food on the willingness of the natives to sell.
/ðeɪ dɪˈpendəd fɔːr ðer fuːd ɑːn ðə ˈwɪlɪŋnəs ʌv ðə ˈneɪtɪvz tuː sel/
Line 5
Hitherto there had been no difficulty in this respect; but they carried only enough for a few days' supply, and at present their provisions were exhausted.
/ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː ðer hæd bɪn noʊ ˈdɪfəkəlti ɪn ðɪs rɪˈspekt bʌt ðeɪ ˈkærid ˈoʊnli ɪˈnʌf fɔːr ə fjuː deɪz səˈplaɪ ənd æt ˈprezənt ðer prəˈvɪʒənz wɜːr ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bloodthirsty adjective US /ˈblʌdθɜːrsti/

marked by eagerness to resort to violence and bloodshed

From this reading “THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.”

encounters noun US /ɪnˈkaʊntərz/

plural of “encounter” — a minor short-term fight

From this reading “It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.”

hindered verb US /ˈhɪndərd/

past form of “hinder” — be a hindrance or obstacle to

From this reading “It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.”

notorious adjective US /noʊˈtɔːriəs/

known widely and usually unfavorably

From this reading “THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.”

raids noun US /reɪdz/

plural of “raid” — a sudden short attack

From this reading “THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.”

repute noun US /riˈpjuːt/

the state of being held in high esteem and honor

From this reading “THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.”

turbulent adjective US /ˈtɜːrbjələnt/

characterized by unrest or disorder or insubordination

From this reading “It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.”

willingness noun US /ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/

cheerful compliance

From this reading “They depended for their food on the willingness of the natives to sell.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

across the border preposition + article + noun counted as “across … border”

In this reading “THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.”

AT DAWN preposition + noun

In this reading “THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.”

encounters with verb + particle counted as “encounter with”

In this reading “It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Hitherto there had been no difficulty in this respect; but they carried only enough for a few days' supply, and at present their provisions were exhausted.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

bloodthirstyadjectiveUS /ˈblʌdθɜːrsti/

marked by eagerness to resort to violence and bloodshed

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

bordernounUS /ˈbɔːrdər/

a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading The first consideration, however, was the welfare of his boys.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Hitherto there had been no difficulty in this respect; but they carried only enough for a few days' supply, and at present their provisions were exhausted.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Hitherto there had been no difficulty in this respect; but they carried only enough for a few days' supply, and at present their provisions were exhausted.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.

considerationnounUS /kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən/

the process of giving careful thought to something

From this reading The first consideration, however, was the welfare of his boys.

DAWNnounUS /dɔːn/

the first light of day

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Hitherto there had been no difficulty in this respect; but they carried only enough for a few days' supply, and at present their provisions were exhausted.

dependedverbUS /dɪˈpendəd/

past form of “depend” — be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading They depended for their food on the willingness of the natives to sell.

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading Hitherto there had been no difficulty in this respect; but they carried only enough for a few days' supply, and at present their provisions were exhausted.

encountersnounUS /ɪnˈkaʊntərz/

plural of “encounter” — a minor short-term fight

From this reading It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Hitherto there had been no difficulty in this respect; but they carried only enough for a few days' supply, and at present their provisions were exhausted.

exhaustedadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/

drained of energy or effectiveness; extremely tired; completely exhausted

From this reading Hitherto there had been no difficulty in this respect; but they carried only enough for a few days' supply, and at present their provisions were exhausted.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Hitherto there had been no difficulty in this respect; but they carried only enough for a few days' supply, and at present their provisions were exhausted.

fierceadjectiveUS /fɪrs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

FIGHTverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first consideration, however, was the welfare of his boys.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading They depended for their food on the willingness of the natives to sell.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They depended for their food on the willingness of the natives to sell.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Hitherto there had been no difficulty in this respect; but they carried only enough for a few days' supply, and at present their provisions were exhausted.

hinderedverbUS /ˈhɪndərd/

past form of “hinder” — be a hindrance or obstacle to

From this reading It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.

HithertoadverbUS /ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading Hitherto there had been no difficulty in this respect; but they carried only enough for a few days' supply, and at present their provisions were exhausted.

hopedverbUS /hoʊpt/

past form of “hope” — expect and wish

From this reading It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading The first consideration, however, was the welfare of his boys.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

nativesnounUS /ˈneɪtɪvz/

plural of “native” — an indigenous person who was born in a particular place

From this reading They depended for their food on the willingness of the natives to sell.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Hitherto there had been no difficulty in this respect; but they carried only enough for a few days' supply, and at present their provisions were exhausted.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.

notoriousadjectiveUS /noʊˈtɔːriəs/

known widely and usually unfavorably

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

objectsnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekts/

plural of “object” — a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading They depended for their food on the willingness of the natives to sell.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Hitherto there had been no difficulty in this respect; but they carried only enough for a few days' supply, and at present their provisions were exhausted.

peacefuladjectiveUS /ˈpiːsfəl/

not disturbed by strife or turmoil or war

From this reading It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Hitherto there had been no difficulty in this respect; but they carried only enough for a few days' supply, and at present their provisions were exhausted.

provisionsnounUS /prəˈvɪʒənz/

a stock or supply of foods

From this reading Hitherto there had been no difficulty in this respect; but they carried only enough for a few days' supply, and at present their provisions were exhausted.

raidsnounUS /reɪdz/

plural of “raid” — a sudden short attack

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

reputenounUS /riˈpjuːt/

the state of being held in high esteem and honor

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading Hitherto there had been no difficulty in this respect; but they carried only enough for a few days' supply, and at present their provisions were exhausted.

RivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

Royce

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

savagesnounUS /ˈsævədʒəz/

plural of “savage” — a member of an uncivilized people

From this reading It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.

sellverbUS /sel/

exchange or deliver for money or its equivalent

From this reading They depended for their food on the willingness of the natives to sell.

supplyverbUS /səˈplaɪ/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading Hitherto there had been no difficulty in this respect; but they carried only enough for a few days' supply, and at present their provisions were exhausted.

territorynounUS /ˈterɪtɔːri/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading They depended for their food on the willingness of the natives to sell.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Hitherto there had been no difficulty in this respect; but they carried only enough for a few days' supply, and at present their provisions were exhausted.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They depended for their food on the willingness of the natives to sell.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Hitherto there had been no difficulty in this respect; but they carried only enough for a few days' supply, and at present their provisions were exhausted.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.

tribenounUS /traɪb/

a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

Tubus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

turbulentadjectiveUS /ˈtɜːrbjələnt/

characterized by unrest or disorder or insubordination

From this reading It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.

welfarenounUS /ˈwelfer/

governmental provision of economic assistance to persons in need

From this reading The first consideration, however, was the welfare of his boys.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

willingnessnounUS /ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/

cheerful compliance

From this reading They depended for their food on the willingness of the natives to sell.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading It was certainly to be hoped that the peaceful objects of his expedition would not be hindered by encounters with those turbulent savages.

Yo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FIGHT AT DAWN Royce knew the Tubus by repute as a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe, living in French territory beyond the River Yo, whose raids across the border were notorious.

Chapter 2 of The long trail: A story of African adventure by Herbert Strang holds 103 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of The long trail: A story of African adventure contain?

Chapter 2 holds 103 sentences of The long trail: A story of African adventure, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of The long trail: A story of African adventure by Herbert Strang exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 103 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of The long trail: A story of African adventure?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in The long trail: A story of African adventure

Words and structures a reader meets early in The long trail: A story of African adventure, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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