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The Looking-Glass for the Mind
The Looking-Glass for the Mind

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Looking-Glass for the Mind is here in full — 422 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Looking-Glass for the Mind
Context Illustration Reading 1/84 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
L'AMI DES ENFANS.
THE SIXTEENTH EDITION.
PREFACE.
The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.
The stories here collected are of a most interesting kind, since virtue is constantly represented as the fountain of happiness, and vice as the source of every evil.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Looking-Glass for the Mind

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Looking-Glass for the Mind is here in full — 422 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
L'AMI DES ENFANS.
Line 2
THE SIXTEENTH EDITION.
/ðə sɪkˈstiːnθ əˈdɪʃən/
Line 3
PREFACE.
/ˈprefəs/
Line 4
The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.
Line 5
The stories here collected are of a most interesting kind, since virtue is constantly represented as the fountain of happiness, and vice as the source of every evil.
/ðə ˈstɔːriz hiːr kəˈlektəd ɑːr ʌv ə moʊst ˈɪntrəstɪŋ kaɪnd sɪns ˈvɝː.tʃuː ɪz ˈkɑːnstəntli ˌreprɪˈzentɪd æz ðə ˈfaʊntən ʌv ˈhæpinəs ənd vaɪs æz ðə sɔːrs ʌv ˈevəri ˈiːvəl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abridged adjective US /əˈbrɪdʒd/

(used of texts) shortened by condensing or rewriting

From this reading “The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.”

beauties noun US /ˈbjuːtiz/

plural of “beauty” — the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading “The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.”

literally adverb US /ˈlɪtərəli/

in a literal sense

From this reading “The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.”

observations noun US /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃənz/

plural of “observation” — the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading “The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.”

preface noun US /ˈprefəs/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading “PREFACE.”

sixteenth adjective US /sɪkˈstiːnθ/

coming next after the fifteenth in position

From this reading “THE SIXTEENTH EDITION.”

translation noun US /trænzˈleɪʃən/

a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading “The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.”

vice noun US /vaɪs/

moral weakness

From this reading “The stories here collected are of a most interesting kind, since virtue is constantly represented as the fountain of happiness, and vice as the source of every evil.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

different parts adjective + noun

In this reading “The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.”

most interesting adverb + adjective

In this reading “The stories here collected are of a most interesting kind, since virtue is constantly represented as the fountain of happiness, and vice as the source of every evil.”

following pages adjective + noun counted as “following page”

In this reading “The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.”

introduced into verb + particle counted as “introduce into”

In this reading “The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

abridgedadjectiveUS /əˈbrɪdʒd/

(used of texts) shortened by condensing or rewriting

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The stories here collected are of a most interesting kind, since virtue is constantly represented as the fountain of happiness, and vice as the source of every evil.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

BEAUTIESnounUS /ˈbjuːtiz/

plural of “beauty” — the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

BERQUIN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

collectedadjectiveUS /kəˈlektəd/

brought together in one place

From this reading The stories here collected are of a most interesting kind, since virtue is constantly represented as the fountain of happiness, and vice as the source of every evil.

CollectionnounUS /kəˈlekʃən/

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

constantlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnstəntli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading The stories here collected are of a most interesting kind, since virtue is constantly represented as the fountain of happiness, and vice as the source of every evil.

DESnounUS /des/

a potent estrogen used in medicine and in feed for livestock and poultry

From this reading L'AMI DES ENFANS.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

EDITIONnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/

the form in which a text (especially a printed book) is published

From this reading THE SIXTEENTH EDITION.

ENFANS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading L'AMI DES ENFANS.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The stories here collected are of a most interesting kind, since virtue is constantly represented as the fountain of happiness, and vice as the source of every evil.

evilnounUS /ˈiːvəl/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading The stories here collected are of a most interesting kind, since virtue is constantly represented as the fountain of happiness, and vice as the source of every evil.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

fountainnounUS /ˈfaʊntən/

a structure from which an artificially produced jet of water arises

From this reading The stories here collected are of a most interesting kind, since virtue is constantly represented as the fountain of happiness, and vice as the source of every evil.

happinessnounUS /ˈhæpinəs/

state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy

From this reading The stories here collected are of a most interesting kind, since virtue is constantly represented as the fountain of happiness, and vice as the source of every evil.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading The stories here collected are of a most interesting kind, since virtue is constantly represented as the fountain of happiness, and vice as the source of every evil.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading The stories here collected are of a most interesting kind, since virtue is constantly represented as the fountain of happiness, and vice as the source of every evil.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

introducedverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːst/

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The stories here collected are of a most interesting kind, since virtue is constantly represented as the fountain of happiness, and vice as the source of every evil.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading The stories here collected are of a most interesting kind, since virtue is constantly represented as the fountain of happiness, and vice as the source of every evil.

L'AMI

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading L'AMI DES ENFANS.

literallyadverbUS /ˈlɪtərəli/

in a literal sense

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The stories here collected are of a most interesting kind, since virtue is constantly represented as the fountain of happiness, and vice as the source of every evil.

observationsnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃənz/

plural of “observation” — the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

occasionallyadverbUS /əˈkeɪʒənəli/

sporadically and infrequently

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

PREFACEnounUS /ˈprefəs/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading PREFACE.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

representedadjectiveUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪd/

represented accurately or precisely

From this reading The stories here collected are of a most interesting kind, since virtue is constantly represented as the fountain of happiness, and vice as the source of every evil.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading The stories here collected are of a most interesting kind, since virtue is constantly represented as the fountain of happiness, and vice as the source of every evil.

SIXTEENTHadjectiveUS /sɪkˈstiːnθ/

coming next after the fifteenth in position

From this reading THE SIXTEENTH EDITION.

sourcenounUS /sɔːrs/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading The stories here collected are of a most interesting kind, since virtue is constantly represented as the fountain of happiness, and vice as the source of every evil.

storiesnounUS /ˈstɔːriz/

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The stories here collected are of a most interesting kind, since virtue is constantly represented as the fountain of happiness, and vice as the source of every evil.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SIXTEENTH EDITION.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

translationnounUS /trænzˈleɪʃən/

a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

vicenounUS /vaɪs/

moral weakness

From this reading The stories here collected are of a most interesting kind, since virtue is constantly represented as the fountain of happiness, and vice as the source of every evil.

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading The stories here collected are of a most interesting kind, since virtue is constantly represented as the fountain of happiness, and vice as the source of every evil.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The following pages may be considered rather as a Collection of the BEAUTIES of M. BERQUIN, than as a literally abridged translation of that work, several original thoughts and observations being occasionally introduced into different parts of them.

Chapter 1 of The Looking-Glass for the Mind by M. (Arnaud) Berquin holds 422 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Looking-Glass for the Mind contain?

Chapter 1 holds 422 sentences of The Looking-Glass for the Mind, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Looking-Glass for the Mind by M. (Arnaud) Berquin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 422 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Looking-Glass for the Mind?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Looking-Glass for the Mind

Common questions about reading The Looking-Glass for the Mind by M. (Arnaud) Berquin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Looking-Glass for the Mind?

Yes. All 1723 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26885 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Looking-Glass for the Mind is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26885, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Looking-Glass for the Mind take to read?

About 143 minutes of reading across 345 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Looking-Glass for the Mind section by section

How to work through The Looking-Glass for the Mind section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of The Looking-Glass for the Mind to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Looking-Glass for the Mind

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Looking-Glass for the Mind, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

L'ami
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Looking-Glass for the Mind; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enfans
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Looking-Glass for the Mind; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sixteenth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Looking-Glass for the Mind; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edition
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Looking-Glass for the Mind; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.