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The Lusiad
The Lusiad

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of The Lusiad is here in full — 2844 sentences across 569 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/568 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE ARGUMENT.
In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.
Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.
In the song of the siren, which follows, is afforded a prophetic view from the period of Gama's expedition down to Camoëns' own times, in which Pacheco, and other heroes of Portugal, pass in review before the eye of the reader.
When the siren has concluded her prophetic song, Thetis conducts Gama to the top of a mountain and addresses him in a set speech.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Lusiad

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of The Lusiad is here in full — 2844 sentences across 569 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/568 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE ARGUMENT.
/ðə ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/
Line 2
In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.
/ɪn ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ ʌv ðɪs ðə læst ˈkæntoʊ ðə ˈpoʊət rɪˈzuːmz ðə ˈæləɡɔːri ʌv ðə aɪl ʌv dʒɔɪ ɔːr ʌv ˈviːnəs ðə fer nɪmfs ˈkɑːndəkt ðer ˈlʌvərz tuː ðer ˈreɪdiːənt ˈpæləsəz wer dɪˈlɪʃəs waɪnz ˈspɑːrkəl ɪn ˈevəri kʌp/
Line 3
Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.
/bɪˈfɔːr ðə ˈpoʊət dɪˈskraɪbz ðə sɔːŋ ʌv ə prəˈfetɪk ˈsaɪrən huː ˈseləbreɪts ðə preɪz ʌv ðə ˈhɪroʊz huː ɑːr ˈdestɪnd ɪn ɪˈnoʊbəl ðə neɪm ʌv ðer ˈkʌntri hiː ˈæˈdresɪz hɪmˈself tuː hɪz mjuːz ɪn ə toʊn ʌv ˈsɑːroʊ wɪtʃ ˈtʌtʃəz ʌs ðə mɔːr ˈdiːpli wen wiː rɪˈflekt əˈpɑːn ðə ənˈhæpi ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən tuː wɪtʃ ðɪs ɡreɪt ˈpoʊət wɑːz æt læst rəˈduːst/
Line 4
In the song of the siren, which follows, is afforded a prophetic view from the period of Gama's expedition down to Camoëns' own times, in which Pacheco, and other heroes of Portugal, pass in review before the eye of the reader.
Line 5
When the siren has concluded her prophetic song, Thetis conducts Gama to the top of a mountain and addresses him in a set speech.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

allegory noun US /ˈæləɡɔːri/

a short moral story (often with animal characters)

From this reading “In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.”

canto noun US /ˈkæntoʊ/

the highest part (usually the melody) in a piece of choral music

From this reading “In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.”

celebrates verb US /ˈseləbreɪts/

third-person singular of “celebrate” — behave as expected during of holidays or rites

From this reading “Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.”

conducts noun US /kənˈdʌkts/

plural of “conduct” — manner of acting or controlling yourself

From this reading “When the siren has concluded her prophetic song, Thetis conducts Gama to the top of a mountain and addresses him in a set speech.”

ennoble verb US /ɪˈnoʊbəl/

confer dignity or honor upon

From this reading “Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.”

resumes noun US /rɪˈzuːmz/

plural of “resume” — short descriptive summary (of events)

From this reading “In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.”

siren noun US /ˈsaɪrən/

a sea nymph (part woman and part bird) supposed to lure sailors to destruction on the rocks where the nymphs lived

From this reading “Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.”

Thetis noun US /ˈθiːtəs/

(Greek mythology) one of the 50 Nereids; mother of Achilles by Peleus

From this reading “When the siren has concluded her prophetic song, Thetis conducts Gama to the top of a mountain and addresses him in a set speech.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

reflect upon verb + particle

In this reading “Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.”

great poet adjective + noun

In this reading “Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.”

sparkle in verb + particle

In this reading “In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.”

in a tone preposition + article + noun counted as “in … tone”

In this reading “Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.”

name of verb + particle

In this reading “Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

addressesnounUS /ˈæˈdresɪz/

plural of “address” — (computer science) the code that identifies where a piece of information is stored

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

affordedverbUS /əˈfɔːrdəd/

past form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading In the song of the siren, which follows, is afforded a prophetic view from the period of Gama's expedition down to Camoëns' own times, in which Pacheco, and other heroes of Portugal, pass in review before the eye of the reader.

allegorynounUS /ˈæləɡɔːri/

a short moral story (often with animal characters)

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the song of the siren, which follows, is afforded a prophetic view from the period of Gama's expedition down to Camoëns' own times, in which Pacheco, and other heroes of Portugal, pass in review before the eye of the reader.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

ARGUMENTnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/

a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading THE ARGUMENT.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

Camoëns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the song of the siren, which follows, is afforded a prophetic view from the period of Gama's expedition down to Camoëns' own times, in which Pacheco, and other heroes of Portugal, pass in review before the eye of the reader.

cantonounUS /ˈkæntoʊ/

the highest part (usually the melody) in a piece of choral music

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

celebratesverbUS /ˈseləbreɪts/

third-person singular of “celebrate” — behave as expected during of holidays or rites

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

concludedadjectiveUS /kənˈkluːdəd/

having come or been brought to a conclusion

From this reading When the siren has concluded her prophetic song, Thetis conducts Gama to the top of a mountain and addresses him in a set speech.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

conductsnounUS /kənˈdʌkts/

plural of “conduct” — manner of acting or controlling yourself

From this reading When the siren has concluded her prophetic song, Thetis conducts Gama to the top of a mountain and addresses him in a set speech.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

cupnounUS /kʌp/

a small open container usually used for drinking; usually has a handle

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

deeplyadverbUS /ˈdiːpli/

to a great depth psychologically or emotionally

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

deliciousadjectiveUS /dɪˈlɪʃəs/

greatly pleasing or entertaining

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

describesverbUS /dɪˈskraɪbz/

third-person singular of “describe” — give a description of

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

destinedadjectiveUS /ˈdestɪnd/

headed or intending to head in a certain direction; often used as a combining form as in “college-bound students”

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading In the song of the siren, which follows, is afforded a prophetic view from the period of Gama's expedition down to Camoëns' own times, in which Pacheco, and other heroes of Portugal, pass in review before the eye of the reader.

ennobleverbUS /ɪˈnoʊbəl/

confer dignity or honor upon

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading In the song of the siren, which follows, is afforded a prophetic view from the period of Gama's expedition down to Camoëns' own times, in which Pacheco, and other heroes of Portugal, pass in review before the eye of the reader.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading In the song of the siren, which follows, is afforded a prophetic view from the period of Gama's expedition down to Camoëns' own times, in which Pacheco, and other heroes of Portugal, pass in review before the eye of the reader.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

followsverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊz/

third-person singular of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading In the song of the siren, which follows, is afforded a prophetic view from the period of Gama's expedition down to Camoëns' own times, in which Pacheco, and other heroes of Portugal, pass in review before the eye of the reader.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In the song of the siren, which follows, is afforded a prophetic view from the period of Gama's expedition down to Camoëns' own times, in which Pacheco, and other heroes of Portugal, pass in review before the eye of the reader.

Gama

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the siren has concluded her prophetic song, Thetis conducts Gama to the top of a mountain and addresses him in a set speech.

Gama's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the song of the siren, which follows, is afforded a prophetic view from the period of Gama's expedition down to Camoëns' own times, in which Pacheco, and other heroes of Portugal, pass in review before the eye of the reader.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When the siren has concluded her prophetic song, Thetis conducts Gama to the top of a mountain and addresses him in a set speech.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading When the siren has concluded her prophetic song, Thetis conducts Gama to the top of a mountain and addresses him in a set speech.

heroesnounUS /ˈhɪroʊz/

plural of “hero” — a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading When the siren has concluded her prophetic song, Thetis conducts Gama to the top of a mountain and addresses him in a set speech.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the song of the siren, which follows, is afforded a prophetic view from the period of Gama's expedition down to Camoëns' own times, in which Pacheco, and other heroes of Portugal, pass in review before the eye of the reader.

IslenounUS /aɪl/

a small island

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

JoynounUS /dʒɔɪ/

the emotion of great happiness

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

loversnounUS /ˈlʌvərz/

plural of “lover” — a person who loves someone or is loved by someone

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading When the siren has concluded her prophetic song, Thetis conducts Gama to the top of a mountain and addresses him in a set speech.

musenounUS /mjuːz/

in ancient Greek mythology any of 9 daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne; protector of an art or science

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

nymphsnounUS /nɪmfs/

plural of “nymph” — (classical mythology) a minor nature goddess usually depicted as a beautiful maiden

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

openingnounUS /ˈoʊpənɪŋ/

an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading In the song of the siren, which follows, is afforded a prophetic view from the period of Gama's expedition down to Camoëns' own times, in which Pacheco, and other heroes of Portugal, pass in review before the eye of the reader.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading In the song of the siren, which follows, is afforded a prophetic view from the period of Gama's expedition down to Camoëns' own times, in which Pacheco, and other heroes of Portugal, pass in review before the eye of the reader.

Pacheco

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the song of the siren, which follows, is afforded a prophetic view from the period of Gama's expedition down to Camoëns' own times, in which Pacheco, and other heroes of Portugal, pass in review before the eye of the reader.

palacesnounUS /ˈpæləsəz/

plural of “palace” — a large and stately mansion

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading In the song of the siren, which follows, is afforded a prophetic view from the period of Gama's expedition down to Camoëns' own times, in which Pacheco, and other heroes of Portugal, pass in review before the eye of the reader.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading In the song of the siren, which follows, is afforded a prophetic view from the period of Gama's expedition down to Camoëns' own times, in which Pacheco, and other heroes of Portugal, pass in review before the eye of the reader.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

PortugalnounUS /ˈpɔːrtʃəɡəl/

a republic in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; Portuguese explorers and colonists in the 15th and 16th centuries created a vast overseas empire (including Brazil)

From this reading In the song of the siren, which follows, is afforded a prophetic view from the period of Gama's expedition down to Camoëns' own times, in which Pacheco, and other heroes of Portugal, pass in review before the eye of the reader.

praisenounUS /preɪz/

an expression of approval and commendation

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

propheticadjectiveUS /prəˈfetɪk/

foretelling events as if by supernatural intervention

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

radiantadjectiveUS /ˈreɪdiːənt/

radiating or as if radiating light

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading In the song of the siren, which follows, is afforded a prophetic view from the period of Gama's expedition down to Camoëns' own times, in which Pacheco, and other heroes of Portugal, pass in review before the eye of the reader.

reducedadjectiveUS /rəˈduːst/

made less in size or amount or degree

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

reflectverbUS /rɪˈflekt/

manifest or bring back

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

resumesnounUS /rɪˈzuːmz/

plural of “resume” — short descriptive summary (of events)

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

reviewnounUS /ˌriːˈvjuː/

a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading In the song of the siren, which follows, is afforded a prophetic view from the period of Gama's expedition down to Camoëns' own times, in which Pacheco, and other heroes of Portugal, pass in review before the eye of the reader.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading When the siren has concluded her prophetic song, Thetis conducts Gama to the top of a mountain and addresses him in a set speech.

sirennounUS /ˈsaɪrən/

a sea nymph (part woman and part bird) supposed to lure sailors to destruction on the rocks where the nymphs lived

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

songnounUS /sɔːŋ/

a short musical composition with words

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

sorrownounUS /ˈsɑːroʊ/

an emotion of great sadness associated with loss or bereavement

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

sparkleverbUS /ˈspɑːrkəl/

reflect brightly

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

speechnounUS /spiːtʃ/

the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading When the siren has concluded her prophetic song, Thetis conducts Gama to the top of a mountain and addresses him in a set speech.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE ARGUMENT.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

ThetisnounUS /ˈθiːtəs/

(Greek mythology) one of the 50 Nereids; mother of Achilles by Peleus

From this reading When the siren has concluded her prophetic song, Thetis conducts Gama to the top of a mountain and addresses him in a set speech.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading In the song of the siren, which follows, is afforded a prophetic view from the period of Gama's expedition down to Camoëns' own times, in which Pacheco, and other heroes of Portugal, pass in review before the eye of the reader.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

tonenounUS /toʊn/

the quality of a person's voice

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading When the siren has concluded her prophetic song, Thetis conducts Gama to the top of a mountain and addresses him in a set speech.

touchesnounUS /ˈtʌtʃəz/

plural of “touch” — the event of something coming in contact with the body

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

unhappyadjectiveUS /ənˈhæpi/

experiencing or marked by or causing sadness or sorrow or discontent

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

VenusnounUS /ˈviːnəs/

the second nearest planet to the sun

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading In the song of the siren, which follows, is afforded a prophetic view from the period of Gama's expedition down to Camoëns' own times, in which Pacheco, and other heroes of Portugal, pass in review before the eye of the reader.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Before the poet describes the song of a prophetic siren, who celebrates the praise of the heroes who are destined in ennoble the name of their country, he addresses himself to his muse in a tone of sorrow, which touches us the more deeply when we reflect upon the unhappy situation to which this great poet was at last reduced.

winesnounUS /waɪnz/

plural of “wine” — fermented juice (of grapes especially)

From this reading In the opening of this, the last canto, the poet resumes the allegory of the Isle of Joy, or of Venus: the fair nymphs conduct their lovers to their radiant palaces, where delicious wines sparkle in every cup.

Chapter 11 of The Lusiad by Luís de Camões holds 2844 sentences, grouped into 569 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of The Lusiad contain?

Chapter 11 holds 2844 sentences of The Lusiad, unabridged, divided into 569 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of The Lusiad by Luís de Camões exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 2844 sentences, grouped into 569 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of The Lusiad?

Work through the 569 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 569 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Lusiad

Common questions about reading The Lusiad by Luís de Camões on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Lusiad?

Yes. All 5609 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32528 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Lusiad is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32528, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Lusiad take to read?

About 467 minutes of reading across 1122 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Lusiad section by section

How to work through The Lusiad section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 11 chapters of The Lusiad to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Lusiad

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Lusiad, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Lusiad
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lusiad; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Discovery
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lusiad; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
India
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lusiad; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Translated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lusiad; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.