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The Mabinogion Vol. 1
The Mabinogion Vol. 1

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Mabinogion Vol. 1 is here in full — 446 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Mabinogion Vol. 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/89 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
INTRODUCTION.
More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.
Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.
The Red Book of Hergest, from which _The Mabinogion_ are taken, is a collection of tales and poems written during the fourteenth century.
Some of the Mabinogion in it have been reconstructed in Norman and Crusading times, but they contain reminiscences of a more distant period, often but half understood by the later story-teller.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Mabinogion Vol. 1

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Mabinogion Vol. 1 is here in full — 446 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/89 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
INTRODUCTION.
/ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/
Line 2
More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.
Line 3
Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.
Line 4
The Red Book of Hergest, from which _The Mabinogion_ are taken, is a collection of tales and poems written during the fourteenth century.
Line 5
Some of the Mabinogion in it have been reconstructed in Norman and Crusading times, but they contain reminiscences of a more distant period, often but half understood by the later story-teller.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Celtic adjective US /ˈseltɪk/

relating to or characteristic of the Celts

From this reading “Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.”

Crusading verb US /kruːˈseɪdɪŋ/

-ing form of “crusade” — exert oneself continuously, vigorously, or obtrusively to gain an end or engage in a crusade for a certain cause or person; be an advocate for

From this reading “Some of the Mabinogion in it have been reconstructed in Norman and Crusading times, but they contain reminiscences of a more distant period, often but half understood by the later story-teller.”

evades verb US /ɪˈveɪdz/

third-person singular of “evade” — avoid or try to avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing (duties, questions, or issues)

From this reading “Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.”

fourteenth adjective US /ˈfɔːrˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the thirteenth in position

From this reading “The Red Book of Hergest, from which _The Mabinogion_ are taken, is a collection of tales and poems written during the fourteenth century.”

reconstructed adjective US /ˌriːkənˈstrʌktɪd/

adapted to social or economic change

From this reading “Some of the Mabinogion in it have been reconstructed in Norman and Crusading times, but they contain reminiscences of a more distant period, often but half understood by the later story-teller.”

reminiscences noun US /ˌreməˈnɪsənsɪz/

plural of “reminiscence” — a mental impression retained and recalled from the past

From this reading “Some of the Mabinogion in it have been reconstructed in Norman and Crusading times, but they contain reminiscences of a more distant period, often but half understood by the later story-teller.”

transcript noun US /ˈtrænskrɪpt/

something that has been transcribed; a written record (usually typewritten) of dictated or recorded speech

From this reading “Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.”

translator noun US /trænˈsleɪtər/

a person who translates written messages from one language to another

From this reading “Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.”

All words in this reading · 89

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.

accurateadjectiveUS /ˈækjərət/

conforming exactly or almost exactly to fact or to a standard or performing with total accuracy

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Red Book of Hergest, from which _The Mabinogion_ are taken, is a collection of tales and poems written during the fourteenth century.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Some of the Mabinogion in it have been reconstructed in Norman and Crusading times, but they contain reminiscences of a more distant period, often but half understood by the later story-teller.

BooknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

CelticadjectiveUS /ˈseltɪk/

relating to or characteristic of the Celts

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.

CharlottenounUS /ˈʃɑːrlət/

the largest city in North Carolina; located in south central North Carolina

From this reading More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.

charmnounUS /tʃɑːrm/

attractiveness that interests or pleases or stimulates

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

collectionnounUS /kəˈlekʃən/

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

From this reading The Red Book of Hergest, from which _The Mabinogion_ are taken, is a collection of tales and poems written during the fourteenth century.

containverbUS /kənˈteɪn/

include or contain; have as a component

From this reading Some of the Mabinogion in it have been reconstructed in Norman and Crusading times, but they contain reminiscences of a more distant period, often but half understood by the later story-teller.

CrusadingverbUS /kruːˈseɪdɪŋ/

-ing form of “crusade” — exert oneself continuously, vigorously, or obtrusively to gain an end or engage in a crusade for a certain cause or person; be an advocate for

From this reading Some of the Mabinogion in it have been reconstructed in Norman and Crusading times, but they contain reminiscences of a more distant period, often but half understood by the later story-teller.

delightverbUS /dɪˈlaɪt/

give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading Some of the Mabinogion in it have been reconstructed in Norman and Crusading times, but they contain reminiscences of a more distant period, often but half understood by the later story-teller.

dressverbUS /dres/

put on clothes

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading The Red Book of Hergest, from which _The Mabinogion_ are taken, is a collection of tales and poems written during the fourteenth century.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.

evadesverbUS /ɪˈveɪdz/

third-person singular of “evade” — avoid or try to avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing (duties, questions, or issues)

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

fourteenthadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the thirteenth in position

From this reading The Red Book of Hergest, from which _The Mabinogion_ are taken, is a collection of tales and poems written during the fourteenth century.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The Red Book of Hergest, from which _The Mabinogion_ are taken, is a collection of tales and poems written during the fourteenth century.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

generationsnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “generation” — all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

GuestnounUS /ɡest/

a visitor to whom hospitality is extended

From this reading More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Some of the Mabinogion in it have been reconstructed in Norman and Crusading times, but they contain reminiscences of a more distant period, often but half understood by the later story-teller.

HerdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

Hergest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.

INTRODUCTIONnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading INTRODUCTION.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Some of the Mabinogion in it have been reconstructed in Norman and Crusading times, but they contain reminiscences of a more distant period, often but half understood by the later story-teller.

LadynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Some of the Mabinogion in it have been reconstructed in Norman and Crusading times, but they contain reminiscences of a more distant period, often but half understood by the later story-teller.

Mabinogion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

meaningnounUS /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

MoreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

narrating

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

NormannounUS /ˈnɔːrmən/

United States operatic soprano (born in 1945)

From this reading Some of the Mabinogion in it have been reconstructed in Norman and Crusading times, but they contain reminiscences of a more distant period, often but half understood by the later story-teller.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

obscureverbUS /əbsˈkjʊr/

make less visible or unclear

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

perfectadjectiveUS /pərˈfekt/

being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading Some of the Mabinogion in it have been reconstructed in Norman and Crusading times, but they contain reminiscences of a more distant period, often but half understood by the later story-teller.

phrasenounUS /freɪz/

an expression consisting of one or more words forming a grammatical constituent of a sentence

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

poemsnounUS /ˈpoʊəmz/

plural of “poem” — a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading The Red Book of Hergest, from which _The Mabinogion_ are taken, is a collection of tales and poems written during the fourteenth century.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.

readersnounUS /ˈriːdərz/

plural of “reader” — a person who enjoys reading

From this reading More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.

reconstructedadjectiveUS /ˌriːkənˈstrʌktɪd/

adapted to social or economic change

From this reading Some of the Mabinogion in it have been reconstructed in Norman and Crusading times, but they contain reminiscences of a more distant period, often but half understood by the later story-teller.

RednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

reminiscencesnounUS /ˌreməˈnɪsənsɪz/

plural of “reminiscence” — a mental impression retained and recalled from the past

From this reading Some of the Mabinogion in it have been reconstructed in Norman and Crusading times, but they contain reminiscences of a more distant period, often but half understood by the later story-teller.

renderingnounUS /ˈrendərɪŋ/

a performance of a musical composition or a dramatic role etc.

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

retainverbUS /rɪˈteɪn/

hold back within

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some of the Mabinogion in it have been reconstructed in Norman and Crusading times, but they contain reminiscences of a more distant period, often but half understood by the later story-teller.

story-teller

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some of the Mabinogion in it have been reconstructed in Norman and Crusading times, but they contain reminiscences of a more distant period, often but half understood by the later story-teller.

stylenounUS /staɪl/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading The Red Book of Hergest, from which _The Mabinogion_ are taken, is a collection of tales and poems written during the fourteenth century.

talesnounUS /teɪlz/

plural of “tale” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Some of the Mabinogion in it have been reconstructed in Norman and Crusading times, but they contain reminiscences of a more distant period, often but half understood by the later story-teller.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading Some of the Mabinogion in it have been reconstructed in Norman and Crusading times, but they contain reminiscences of a more distant period, often but half understood by the later story-teller.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.

transcriptnounUS /ˈtrænskrɪpt/

something that has been transcribed; a written record (usually typewritten) of dictated or recorded speech

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

translatornounUS /trænˈsleɪtər/

a person who translates written messages from one language to another

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

understoodadjectiveUS /ˌʌndərˈstʊd/

fully apprehended as to purport or meaning or explanation

From this reading Some of the Mabinogion in it have been reconstructed in Norman and Crusading times, but they contain reminiscences of a more distant period, often but half understood by the later story-teller.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

WelshnounUS /weltʃ/

a native or resident of Wales

From this reading Her transcript of the Red Book of Hergest was not perfect, she found the meaning of many a Welsh phrase obscure, but her rendering is generally very accurate; and the Celtic tales retain in their new dress much of the charm, which so often evades the translator, of a perfect style formed by generations of narrating.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading More than half a century ago Lady Charlotte Guest gave _The Mabinogion_ to English readers in the form which, probably, will ever most delight them.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading The Red Book of Hergest, from which _The Mabinogion_ are taken, is a collection of tales and poems written during the fourteenth century.

Chapter 1 of The Mabinogion Vol. 1 by Owen Morgan, Sir [Editor] Edwards holds 446 sentences, grouped into 90 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Mabinogion Vol. 1 contain?

Chapter 1 holds 446 sentences of The Mabinogion Vol. 1, unabridged, divided into 90 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Mabinogion Vol. 1 by Owen Morgan, Sir [Editor] Edwards exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 446 sentences, grouped into 90 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Mabinogion Vol. 1?

Work through the 90 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 90 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Mabinogion Vol. 1

Common questions about reading The Mabinogion Vol. 1 by Owen Morgan, Sir [Editor] Edwards on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Mabinogion Vol. 1?

Yes. All 1718 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19959 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Mabinogion Vol. 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #19959, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Mabinogion Vol. 1 take to read?

About 143 minutes of reading across 344 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Mabinogion Vol. 1 section by section

How to work through The Mabinogion Vol. 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of The Mabinogion Vol. 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Mabinogion Vol. 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Mabinogion Vol. 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mabinogion Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Century
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mabinogion Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Charlotte
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mabinogion Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Guest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mabinogion Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.