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The Making of an American
The Making of an American

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Making of an American is here in full — 376 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/75 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.
Upon it my story begins.
The bridge is long since gone.
The grass-grown lane that knew our romping feet leads nowhere now.
But in my memory it is all as it was that day nearly forty years ago, and it is always summer there.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Making of an American

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Making of an American is here in full — 376 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/75 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.
Line 2
Upon it my story begins.
/əˈpɑːn ɪt maɪ ˈstɔːri bɪˈɡɪnz/
Line 3
The bridge is long since gone.
/ðə brɪdʒ ɪz lɔːŋ sɪns ɡɔːn/
Line 4
The grass-grown lane that knew our romping feet leads nowhere now.
Line 5
But in my memory it is all as it was that day nearly forty years ago, and it is always summer there.
/bʌt ɪn maɪ ˈmem.ər.i ɪt ɪz ɔːl æz ɪt wɑːz ðæt deɪ ˈnɪrli ˈfɔːrti jɪrz əˈɡoʊ ənd ɪt ɪz ˈɔːlweɪz ˈsʌmər ðer/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Danish noun US /ˈdeɪnɪʃ/

a Scandinavian language that is the official language of Denmark

From this reading “On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.”

dromedary noun US /ˈdrɑːməderi/

one-humped camel of the hot deserts of northern Africa and southwestern Asia

From this reading “On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.”

Nibs noun US /nɪbz/

plural of “nib” — the writing point of a pen

From this reading “On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.”

outskirts noun US /ˈaʊtskɜːrts/

outlying areas (as of a city or town)

From this reading “On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.”

romping verb US /ˈrɑːmpɪŋ/

-ing form of “romp” — play boisterously

From this reading “The grass-grown lane that knew our romping feet leads nowhere now.”

seacoast noun US /ˈsiːkoʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading “On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.”

spanned verb US /spænd/

inflected form of “span” — to cover or extend over an area or time period

From this reading “On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.”

twin noun US /twɪn/

either of two offspring born at the same time from the same pregnancy

From this reading “On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading But in my memory it is all as it was that day nearly forty years ago, and it is always summer there.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading But in my memory it is all as it was that day nearly forty years ago, and it is always summer there.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading But in my memory it is all as it was that day nearly forty years ago, and it is always summer there.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But in my memory it is all as it was that day nearly forty years ago, and it is always summer there.

archesnounUS /ˈɑːrtʃəz/

plural of “arch” — a curved shape in the vertical plane that spans an opening

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But in my memory it is all as it was that day nearly forty years ago, and it is always summer there.

beginsnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnz/

plural of “begin” — Israeli statesman (born in Russia) who (as prime minister of Israel) negotiated a peace treaty with Anwar Sadat (then the president of Egypt) (1913-1992)

From this reading Upon it my story begins.

boatsnounUS /boʊts/

plural of “boat” — a small vessel for travel on water

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

bridgenounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But in my memory it is all as it was that day nearly forty years ago, and it is always summer there.

DanishnounUS /ˈdeɪnɪʃ/

a Scandinavian language that is the official language of Denmark

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading But in my memory it is all as it was that day nearly forty years ago, and it is always summer there.

dromedarynounUS /ˈdrɑːməderi/

one-humped camel of the hot deserts of northern Africa and southwestern Asia

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The grass-grown lane that knew our romping feet leads nowhere now.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

fortyadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrti/

being ten more than thirty

From this reading But in my memory it is all as it was that day nearly forty years ago, and it is always summer there.

frailadjectiveUS /freɪl/

physically weak

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading The bridge is long since gone.

grass-grown

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The grass-grown lane that knew our romping feet leads nowhere now.

humps

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But in my memory it is all as it was that day nearly forty years ago, and it is always summer there.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The bridge is long since gone.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Upon it my story begins.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading The grass-grown lane that knew our romping feet leads nowhere now.

lanenounUS /leɪn/

a narrow way or road

From this reading The grass-grown lane that knew our romping feet leads nowhere now.

leadsnounUS /liːdz/

plural of “lead” — an advantage held by a competitor in a race

From this reading The grass-grown lane that knew our romping feet leads nowhere now.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The bridge is long since gone.

memorynounUS /ˈmem.ər.i/

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading But in my memory it is all as it was that day nearly forty years ago, and it is always summer there.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Upon it my story begins.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading But in my memory it is all as it was that day nearly forty years ago, and it is always summer there.

NibsnounUS /nɪbz/

plural of “nib” — the writing point of a pen

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The grass-grown lane that knew our romping feet leads nowhere now.

nowherenounUS /ˈnoʊwer/

an insignificant place

From this reading The grass-grown lane that knew our romping feet leads nowhere now.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The grass-grown lane that knew our romping feet leads nowhere now.

outskirtsnounUS /ˈaʊtskɜːrts/

outlying areas (as of a city or town)

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

Ribe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

RivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

rompingverbUS /ˈrɑːmpɪŋ/

-ing form of “romp” — play boisterously

From this reading The grass-grown lane that knew our romping feet leads nowhere now.

seacoastnounUS /ˈsiːkoʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading The bridge is long since gone.

spannedverbUS /spænd/

inflected form of “span” — to cover or extend over an area or time period

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Upon it my story begins.

structurenounUS /ˈstrʌktʃər/

a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading But in my memory it is all as it was that day nearly forty years ago, and it is always summer there.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The grass-grown lane that knew our romping feet leads nowhere now.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading But in my memory it is all as it was that day nearly forty years ago, and it is always summer there.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

twinnounUS /twɪn/

either of two offspring born at the same time from the same pregnancy

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

UponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Upon it my story begins.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

woodenadjectiveUS /ˈwʊdən/

made or consisting of (entirely or in part) or employing wood

From this reading On the outskirts of the ancient town of Ribe, on the Danish north seacoast, a wooden bridge spanned the Nibs River when I was a boy--a frail structure, with twin arches like the humps of a dromedary, for boats to go under.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading But in my memory it is all as it was that day nearly forty years ago, and it is always summer there.

Chapter 1 of The Making of an American by Jacob A. (Jacob August) Riis holds 376 sentences, grouped into 76 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Making of an American contain?

Chapter 1 holds 376 sentences of The Making of an American, unabridged, divided into 76 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Making of an American by Jacob A. (Jacob August) Riis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 376 sentences, grouped into 76 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Making of an American?

Work through the 76 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 76 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Making of an American

Common questions about reading The Making of an American by Jacob A. (Jacob August) Riis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Making of an American?

Yes. All 5309 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6125 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Making of an American is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6125, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Making of an American take to read?

About 442 minutes of reading across 1062 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Making of an American section by section

How to work through The Making of an American section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of The Making of an American to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Making of an American

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Making of an American, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Outskirts
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Making of an American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ancient
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Making of an American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Danish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Making of an American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
North
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Making of an American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.