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The Making of an American
The Making of an American

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Making of an American is here in full — 236 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/47 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.
The city was New Brunswick.
I turned down a side street where two stone churches stood side by side.
A gate in the picket fence had been left open, and I went in looking for a place to sleep.
Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Making of an American

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Making of an American is here in full — 236 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/47 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.
Line 2
The city was New Brunswick.
/ðə ˈsɪti wɑːz nuː ˈbrʌnzwɪk/
Line 3
I turned down a side street where two stone churches stood side by side.
/aɪ tɜːrnd daʊn ə saɪd striːt wer tuː stoʊn ˈtʃɜːrtʃɪz stʊd saɪd baɪ saɪd/
Line 4
A gate in the picket fence had been left open, and I went in looking for a place to sleep.
/ə ɡeɪt ɪn ðə ˈpɪkɪt fens hæd bɪn left ˈoʊ.pən ənd aɪ went ɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ fɔːr ə pleɪs tuː sliːp/
Line 5
Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.
/bæk ɪn ðə ˈtʃɜːrtʃjɑːrd aɪ faʊnd wʌt aɪ sɔːt ɪn ðə ˈbraʊnstoʊn slæb ˈkʌvərɪŋ ðə tuːm ʌv aɪ noʊ naʊ æn oʊld ˈpæstər ʌv ðə dʌtʃ rɪˈfɔːrmd tʃɜːrtʃ huː daɪd fʊl ʌv ˈwɪzdəm ənd ɡreɪs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

brownstone noun US /ˈbraʊnstoʊn/

a reddish brown sandstone; used in buildings

From this reading “Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.”

Brunswick noun US /ˈbrʌnzwɪk/

a university town in southwestern Maine

From this reading “The city was New Brunswick.”

campaigns noun US /kæmˈpeɪnz/

plural of “campaign” — a race between candidates for elective office

From this reading “I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.”

chime noun US /tʃaɪm/

a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument

From this reading “I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.”

picket noun US /ˈpɪkɪt/

a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event

From this reading “A gate in the picket fence had been left open, and I went in looking for a place to sleep.”

Reformed adjective US /rɪˈfɔːrmd/

of or relating to the body of Protestant Christianity arising during the Reformation; used of some Protestant churches especially Calvinist as distinct from Lutheran

From this reading “Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.”

slab noun US /slæb/

block consisting of a thick piece of something

From this reading “Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.”

spires noun US /spaɪrz/

plural of “spire” — a tall tower that forms the superstructure of a building (usually a church or temple) and that tapers to a point at the top

From this reading “I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.”

All words in this reading · 86

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

BackadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading A gate in the picket fence had been left open, and I went in looking for a place to sleep.

bellsnounUS /belz/

plural of “bell” — a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

brownstonenounUS /ˈbraʊnstoʊn/

a reddish brown sandstone; used in buildings

From this reading Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.

BrunswicknounUS /ˈbrʌnzwɪk/

a university town in southwestern Maine

From this reading The city was New Brunswick.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I turned down a side street where two stone churches stood side by side.

CAMPAIGNSnounUS /kæmˈpeɪnz/

plural of “campaign” — a race between candidates for elective office

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

chimenounUS /tʃaɪm/

a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

ChurchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.

churchesnounUS /ˈtʃɜːrtʃɪz/

plural of “church” — one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading I turned down a side street where two stone churches stood side by side.

churchyardnounUS /ˈtʃɜːrtʃjɑːrd/

the yard associated with a church

From this reading Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

coveringnounUS /ˈkʌvərɪŋ/

a natural object that covers or envelops

From this reading Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

desertionnounUS /dɪˈzɜːrʃən/

withdrawing support or help despite allegiance or responsibility

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading I turned down a side street where two stone churches stood side by side.

DutchadjectiveUS /dʌtʃ/

of or relating to the Netherlands or its people or culture

From this reading Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.

familiaradjectiveUS /fəˈmɪljər/

well known or easily recognized

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

fenceverbUS /fens/

enclose with a fence

From this reading A gate in the picket fence had been left open, and I went in looking for a place to sleep.

footbridgenoun

a bridge designed for pedestrians

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A gate in the picket fence had been left open, and I went in looking for a place to sleep.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.

FUTUREadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

gatenounUS /ɡeɪt/

a movable barrier in a fence or wall

From this reading A gate in the picket fence had been left open, and I went in looking for a place to sleep.

GOverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

gracenounUS /ɡreɪs/

(Christian theology) a state of sanctification by God; the state of one who is under such divine influence

From this reading Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A gate in the picket fence had been left open, and I went in looking for a place to sleep.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.

LASTadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading A gate in the picket fence had been left open, and I went in looking for a place to sleep.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading A gate in the picket fence had been left open, and I went in looking for a place to sleep.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The city was New Brunswick.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading A gate in the picket fence had been left open, and I went in looking for a place to sleep.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

pastornounUS /ˈpæstər/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.

Pfeiffer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

picketnounUS /ˈpɪkɪt/

a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event

From this reading A gate in the picket fence had been left open, and I went in looking for a place to sleep.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading A gate in the picket fence had been left open, and I went in looking for a place to sleep.

rangverbUS /ræŋ/

inflected form of “ring” — sound loudly and sonorously

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

ReformedadjectiveUS /rɪˈfɔːrmd/

of or relating to the body of Protestant Christianity arising during the Reformation; used of some Protestant churches especially Calvinist as distinct from Lutheran

From this reading Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

SEEDnounUS /siːd/

a small hard fruit

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading I turned down a side street where two stone churches stood side by side.

slabnounUS /slæb/

block consisting of a thick piece of something

From this reading Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.

sleepnounUS /sliːp/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading A gate in the picket fence had been left open, and I went in looking for a place to sleep.

soughtadjectiveUS /sɔːt/

that is looked for

From this reading Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.

SOWverbUS /saʊ/

place (seeds) in or on the ground for future growth

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

spiresnounUS /spaɪrz/

plural of “spire” — a tall tower that forms the superstructure of a building (usually a church or temple) and that tapers to a point at the top

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading I turned down a side street where two stone churches stood side by side.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading I turned down a side street where two stone churches stood side by side.

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading I turned down a side street where two stone churches stood side by side.

sunsetnounUS /ˈsʌnset/

the time in the evening at which the sun begins to fall below the horizon

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

tombnounUS /tuːm/

a place for the burial of a corpse (especially beneath the ground and marked by a tombstone)

From this reading Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.

tunenounUS /tuːn/

a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading I turned down a side street where two stone churches stood side by side.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading I turned down a side street where two stone churches stood side by side.

walkedverbUS /wɔːkt/

past form of “walk” — use one's feet to advance; advance by steps

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

WARnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The city was New Brunswick.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading A gate in the picket fence had been left open, and I went in looking for a place to sleep.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading I turned down a side street where two stone churches stood side by side.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.

wisdomnounUS /ˈwɪzdəm/

accumulated knowledge or erudition or enlightenment

From this reading Back in the churchyard I found what I sought in the brownstone slab covering the tomb of, I know now, an old pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, who died full of wisdom and grace.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I GO TO WAR AT LAST AND SOW THE SEED OF FUTURE CAMPAIGNS At sunset on the second day after my desertion of Pfeiffer I walked across a footbridge into a city with many spires, in one of which a chime of bells rang out a familiar tune.

Chapter 3 of The Making of an American by Jacob A. (Jacob August) Riis holds 236 sentences, grouped into 48 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Making of an American contain?

Chapter 3 holds 236 sentences of The Making of an American, unabridged, divided into 48 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Making of an American by Jacob A. (Jacob August) Riis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 236 sentences, grouped into 48 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Making of an American?

Work through the 48 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 48 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Making of an American

Common questions about reading The Making of an American by Jacob A. (Jacob August) Riis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Making of an American?

Yes. All 5309 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6125 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Making of an American is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6125, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Making of an American take to read?

About 442 minutes of reading across 1062 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Making of an American section by section

How to work through The Making of an American section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of The Making of an American to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Making of an American

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Making of an American, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Outskirts
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Making of an American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ancient
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Making of an American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Danish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Making of an American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
North
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Making of an American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.