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The Making of an American
The Making of an American

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of The Making of an American is here in full — 382 sentences across 77 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Making of an American
Context Illustration Reading 1/76 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
IN WHICH I BECOME AN EDITOR AND RECEIVE MY FIRST LOVE LETTER I had my hands full that winter.
The profession I had entered by so thorny a path did not prove to be a bed of roses.
But I was not looking for roses.
I doubt if I would have known what to do with them had there been any.
Hard work and hard knocks had been my portion heretofore, and I was fairly trained down to that.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Making of an American

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of The Making of an American is here in full — 382 sentences across 77 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/76 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
IN WHICH I BECOME AN EDITOR AND RECEIVE MY FIRST LOVE LETTER I had my hands full that winter.
/ɪn wɪtʃ aɪ bɪˈkʌm æn ˈedətər ənd rəˈsiːv maɪ fɜːrst lʌv ˈletər aɪ hæd maɪ hændz fʊl ðæt ˈwɪntər/
Line 2
The profession I had entered by so thorny a path did not prove to be a bed of roses.
/ðə prəˈfeʃən aɪ hæd ˈentərd baɪ soʊ ˈθɔːrni ə pæθ dɪd nɑːt pruːv tuː biː ə bed ʌv ˈroʊzɪz/
Line 3
But I was not looking for roses.
/bʌt aɪ wɑːz nɑːt ˈlʊkɪŋ fɔːr ˈroʊzɪz/
Line 4
I doubt if I would have known what to do with them had there been any.
/aɪ daʊt ɪf aɪ wʊd hæv noʊn wʌt tuː duː wɪð ðem hæd ðer bɪn ˈeni/
Line 5
Hard work and hard knocks had been my portion heretofore, and I was fairly trained down to that.
/hɑːrd wɜːrk ənd hɑːrd nɑːks hæd bɪn maɪ ˈpɔːrʃən ˌhɪrtəˈfɔːr ənd aɪ wɑːz ˈferli treɪnd daʊn tuː ðæt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

editor noun US /ˈedətər/

a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)

From this reading “IN WHICH I BECOME AN EDITOR AND RECEIVE MY FIRST LOVE LETTER I had my hands full that winter.”

heretofore adverb US /ˌhɪrtəˈfɔːr/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading “Hard work and hard knocks had been my portion heretofore, and I was fairly trained down to that.”

knocks noun US /nɑːks/

plural of “knock” — the sound of knocking (as on a door or in an engine or bearing)

From this reading “Hard work and hard knocks had been my portion heretofore, and I was fairly trained down to that.”

portion noun US /ˈpɔːrʃən/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading “Hard work and hard knocks had been my portion heretofore, and I was fairly trained down to that.”

profession noun US /prəˈfeʃən/

the body of people in a learned occupation

From this reading “The profession I had entered by so thorny a path did not prove to be a bed of roses.”

roses noun US /ˈroʊzɪz/

plural of “rose” — any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading “The profession I had entered by so thorny a path did not prove to be a bed of roses.”

thorny adjective US /ˈθɔːrni/

bristling with perplexities

From this reading “The profession I had entered by so thorny a path did not prove to be a bed of roses.”

trained adjective US /treɪnd/

shaped or conditioned or disciplined by training; often used as a combining form

From this reading “Hard work and hard knocks had been my portion heretofore, and I was fairly trained down to that.”

All words in this reading · 57

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The profession I had entered by so thorny a path did not prove to be a bed of roses.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading IN WHICH I BECOME AN EDITOR AND RECEIVE MY FIRST LOVE LETTER I had my hands full that winter.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading IN WHICH I BECOME AN EDITOR AND RECEIVE MY FIRST LOVE LETTER I had my hands full that winter.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading I doubt if I would have known what to do with them had there been any.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The profession I had entered by so thorny a path did not prove to be a bed of roses.

BECOMEverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading IN WHICH I BECOME AN EDITOR AND RECEIVE MY FIRST LOVE LETTER I had my hands full that winter.

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading The profession I had entered by so thorny a path did not prove to be a bed of roses.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading I doubt if I would have known what to do with them had there been any.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But I was not looking for roses.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The profession I had entered by so thorny a path did not prove to be a bed of roses.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The profession I had entered by so thorny a path did not prove to be a bed of roses.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading I doubt if I would have known what to do with them had there been any.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading I doubt if I would have known what to do with them had there been any.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Hard work and hard knocks had been my portion heretofore, and I was fairly trained down to that.

EDITORnounUS /ˈedətər/

a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)

From this reading IN WHICH I BECOME AN EDITOR AND RECEIVE MY FIRST LOVE LETTER I had my hands full that winter.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading The profession I had entered by so thorny a path did not prove to be a bed of roses.

fairlyadverbUS /ˈferli/

to certain extent or degree

From this reading Hard work and hard knocks had been my portion heretofore, and I was fairly trained down to that.

FIRSTadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading IN WHICH I BECOME AN EDITOR AND RECEIVE MY FIRST LOVE LETTER I had my hands full that winter.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But I was not looking for roses.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading IN WHICH I BECOME AN EDITOR AND RECEIVE MY FIRST LOVE LETTER I had my hands full that winter.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading IN WHICH I BECOME AN EDITOR AND RECEIVE MY FIRST LOVE LETTER I had my hands full that winter.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading IN WHICH I BECOME AN EDITOR AND RECEIVE MY FIRST LOVE LETTER I had my hands full that winter.

HardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Hard work and hard knocks had been my portion heretofore, and I was fairly trained down to that.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I doubt if I would have known what to do with them had there been any.

heretoforeadverbUS /ˌhɪrtəˈfɔːr/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading Hard work and hard knocks had been my portion heretofore, and I was fairly trained down to that.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading IN WHICH I BECOME AN EDITOR AND RECEIVE MY FIRST LOVE LETTER I had my hands full that winter.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading I doubt if I would have known what to do with them had there been any.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading IN WHICH I BECOME AN EDITOR AND RECEIVE MY FIRST LOVE LETTER I had my hands full that winter.

knocksnounUS /nɑːks/

plural of “knock” — the sound of knocking (as on a door or in an engine or bearing)

From this reading Hard work and hard knocks had been my portion heretofore, and I was fairly trained down to that.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading I doubt if I would have known what to do with them had there been any.

LETTERnounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading IN WHICH I BECOME AN EDITOR AND RECEIVE MY FIRST LOVE LETTER I had my hands full that winter.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading But I was not looking for roses.

LOVEnounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading IN WHICH I BECOME AN EDITOR AND RECEIVE MY FIRST LOVE LETTER I had my hands full that winter.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading IN WHICH I BECOME AN EDITOR AND RECEIVE MY FIRST LOVE LETTER I had my hands full that winter.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The profession I had entered by so thorny a path did not prove to be a bed of roses.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The profession I had entered by so thorny a path did not prove to be a bed of roses.

pathnounUS /pæθ/

a course of conduct

From this reading The profession I had entered by so thorny a path did not prove to be a bed of roses.

portionnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃən/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Hard work and hard knocks had been my portion heretofore, and I was fairly trained down to that.

professionnounUS /prəˈfeʃən/

the body of people in a learned occupation

From this reading The profession I had entered by so thorny a path did not prove to be a bed of roses.

proveverbUS /pruːv/

be shown or be found to be

From this reading The profession I had entered by so thorny a path did not prove to be a bed of roses.

RECEIVEverbUS /rəˈsiːv/

get something; come into possession of

From this reading IN WHICH I BECOME AN EDITOR AND RECEIVE MY FIRST LOVE LETTER I had my hands full that winter.

rosesnounUS /ˈroʊzɪz/

plural of “rose” — any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading The profession I had entered by so thorny a path did not prove to be a bed of roses.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The profession I had entered by so thorny a path did not prove to be a bed of roses.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading IN WHICH I BECOME AN EDITOR AND RECEIVE MY FIRST LOVE LETTER I had my hands full that winter.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The profession I had entered by so thorny a path did not prove to be a bed of roses.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading I doubt if I would have known what to do with them had there been any.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading I doubt if I would have known what to do with them had there been any.

thornyadjectiveUS /ˈθɔːrni/

bristling with perplexities

From this reading The profession I had entered by so thorny a path did not prove to be a bed of roses.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The profession I had entered by so thorny a path did not prove to be a bed of roses.

trainedadjectiveUS /treɪnd/

shaped or conditioned or disciplined by training; often used as a combining form

From this reading Hard work and hard knocks had been my portion heretofore, and I was fairly trained down to that.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But I was not looking for roses.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading I doubt if I would have known what to do with them had there been any.

WHICHpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading IN WHICH I BECOME AN EDITOR AND RECEIVE MY FIRST LOVE LETTER I had my hands full that winter.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading IN WHICH I BECOME AN EDITOR AND RECEIVE MY FIRST LOVE LETTER I had my hands full that winter.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I doubt if I would have known what to do with them had there been any.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Hard work and hard knocks had been my portion heretofore, and I was fairly trained down to that.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading I doubt if I would have known what to do with them had there been any.

Chapter 6 of The Making of an American by Jacob A. (Jacob August) Riis holds 382 sentences, grouped into 77 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of The Making of an American contain?

Chapter 6 holds 382 sentences of The Making of an American, unabridged, divided into 77 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of The Making of an American by Jacob A. (Jacob August) Riis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 382 sentences, grouped into 77 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of The Making of an American?

Work through the 77 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 77 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Making of an American

Common questions about reading The Making of an American by Jacob A. (Jacob August) Riis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Making of an American?

Yes. All 5309 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6125 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Making of an American is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6125, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Making of an American take to read?

About 442 minutes of reading across 1062 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Making of an American section by section

How to work through The Making of an American section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of The Making of an American to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Making of an American

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Making of an American, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Outskirts
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Making of an American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ancient
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Making of an American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Danish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Making of an American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
North
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Making of an American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.