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The Making of an American
The Making of an American

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of The Making of an American is here in full — 258 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/51 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!
I--it is too bad that we cannot tell our own stories without all the time talking about ourselves, but it is so, and there is no help for it.
Well, then, I was a happy little girl in those days.
Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.
They were rich and prosperous.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Making of an American

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of The Making of an American is here in full — 258 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/51 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!
Line 2
I--it is too bad that we cannot tell our own stories without all the time talking about ourselves, but it is so, and there is no help for it.
Line 3
Well, then, I was a happy little girl in those days.
/wel ðen aɪ wɑːz ə ˈhæpi ˈlɪtəl ɡɜːrl ɪn ðoʊz deɪz/
Line 4
Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.
Line 5
They were rich and prosperous.
/ðeɪ wɜːr rɪtʃ ənd ˈprɑːspərəs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

clearer adjective US /ˈklɪrər/

comparative of “clear” — readily apparent to the mind

From this reading “ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!”

Danish noun US /ˈdeɪnɪʃ/

a Scandinavian language that is the official language of Denmark

From this reading “ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!”

fresher noun US /ˈfreʃər/

a first-year undergraduate

From this reading “ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!”

greener adjective US /ˈɡriːnər/

comparative of “green” — of the color between blue and yellow in the color spectrum; similar to the color of fresh grass

From this reading “ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!”

sings verb US /sɪŋz/

third-person singular of “sing” — deliver by singing

From this reading “ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!”

skylark verb US /ˈskaɪlɑːrk/

play boisterously

From this reading “ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!”

softer adjective US /ˈsɑːftər/

comparative of “soft” — yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading “ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!”

sweeter adjective US /ˈswiːtər/

comparative of “sweet” — having or denoting the characteristic taste of sugar

From this reading “ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!”

All words in this reading · 121

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Well, then, I was a happy little girl in those days.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading I--it is too bad that we cannot tell our own stories without all the time talking about ourselves, but it is so, and there is no help for it.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

anywhereadverbUS /ˈeniwer/

at or in or to any place

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading I--it is too bad that we cannot tell our own stories without all the time talking about ourselves, but it is so, and there is no help for it.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I--it is too bad that we cannot tell our own stories without all the time talking about ourselves, but it is so, and there is no help for it.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I--it is too bad that we cannot tell our own stories without all the time talking about ourselves, but it is so, and there is no help for it.

childhoodnounUS /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/

the time of person's life when they are a child

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

cleareradjectiveUS /ˈklɪrər/

comparative of “clear” — readily apparent to the mind

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

countynounUS /ˈkaʊnti/

(United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

DanishnounUS /ˈdeɪnɪʃ/

a Scandinavian language that is the official language of Denmark

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

earnedadjectiveUS /ɜːrnd/

gained or acquired; especially through merit or as a result of effort or action

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

ELIZABETHnounUS /ɪˈlɪzəbəθ/

daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

freshernounUS /ˈfreʃər/

a first-year undergraduate

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

girlnounUS /ɡɜːrl/

a young female

From this reading Well, then, I was a happy little girl in those days.

greeneradjectiveUS /ˈɡriːnər/

comparative of “green” — of the color between blue and yellow in the color spectrum; similar to the color of fresh grass

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading Well, then, I was a happy little girl in those days.

harderadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdər/

comparative of “hard” — with effort or force or vigor

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading I--it is too bad that we cannot tell our own stories without all the time talking about ourselves, but it is so, and there is no help for it.

HERdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

husbandnounUS /ˈhʌzbənd/

a married man; a woman's partner in marriage

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I--it is too bad that we cannot tell our own stories without all the time talking about ourselves, but it is so, and there is no help for it.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

lawyernounUS /ˈlɔːjər/

a professional person authorized to practice law; conducts lawsuits or gives legal advice

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Well, then, I was a happy little girl in those days.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

loveliest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

meadowsnounUS /ˈmedoʊz/

plural of “meadow” — a field where grass or alfalfa are grown to be made into hay

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

mother'snounUS /ˈmʌðərz/

possessive form of “mother” — a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

musicnounUS /ˈmjuːzɪk/

an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading I--it is too bad that we cannot tell our own stories without all the time talking about ourselves, but it is so, and there is no help for it.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

ourselvespronounUS /aʊərˈselvz/

used when we are both doing the action and receiving it

From this reading I--it is too bad that we cannot tell our own stories without all the time talking about ourselves, but it is so, and there is no help for it.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading I--it is too bad that we cannot tell our own stories without all the time talking about ourselves, but it is so, and there is no help for it.

prosperousadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːspərəs/

in fortunate circumstances financially; moderately rich

From this reading They were rich and prosperous.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading They were rich and prosperous.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

singsverbUS /sɪŋz/

third-person singular of “sing” — deliver by singing

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

sisternounUS /ˈsɪstər/

a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

skylarkverbUS /ˈskaɪlɑːrk/

play boisterously

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading I--it is too bad that we cannot tell our own stories without all the time talking about ourselves, but it is so, and there is no help for it.

softeradjectiveUS /ˈsɑːftər/

comparative of “soft” — yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

songnounUS /sɔːŋ/

a short musical composition with words

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

spitenounUS /spaɪt/

feeling a need to see others suffer

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

storiesnounUS /ˈstɔːriz/

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading I--it is too bad that we cannot tell our own stories without all the time talking about ourselves, but it is so, and there is no help for it.

STORYnounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

supportnounUS /səˈpɔːrt/

the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

sweeteradjectiveUS /ˈswiːtər/

comparative of “sweet” — having or denoting the characteristic taste of sugar

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

talkingnounUS /ˈtɔːkɪŋ/

an exchange of ideas via conversation

From this reading I--it is too bad that we cannot tell our own stories without all the time talking about ourselves, but it is so, and there is no help for it.

teachingnounUS /ˈtiːtʃɪŋ/

the profession of a teacher

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading I--it is too bad that we cannot tell our own stories without all the time talking about ourselves, but it is so, and there is no help for it.

TELLSnounUS /telz/

plural of “tell” — a Swiss patriot who lived in the early 14th century and who was renowned for his skill as an archer

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I--it is too bad that we cannot tell our own stories without all the time talking about ourselves, but it is so, and there is no help for it.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Well, then, I was a happy little girl in those days.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading I--it is too bad that we cannot tell our own stories without all the time talking about ourselves, but it is so, and there is no help for it.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were rich and prosperous.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Well, then, I was a happy little girl in those days.

ThoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading I--it is too bad that we cannot tell our own stories without all the time talking about ourselves, but it is so, and there is no help for it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading I--it is too bad that we cannot tell our own stories without all the time talking about ourselves, but it is so, and there is no help for it.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Well, then, I was a happy little girl in those days.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading I--it is too bad that we cannot tell our own stories without all the time talking about ourselves, but it is so, and there is no help for it.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were rich and prosperous.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading I--it is too bad that we cannot tell our own stories without all the time talking about ourselves, but it is so, and there is no help for it.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading ELIZABETH TELLS HER STORY How well I remember the days of which my husband has written--our childhood in the old Danish town where to this day, in spite of my love for America, the air seems fresher, the meadows greener, the sea more blue, and where above it all the skylark sings his song clearer, softer, and sweeter than anywhere else in the world!

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

youngestadjectiveUS /ˈjʌŋɡəst/

superlative of “young” — (used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Though my own father, a county lawyer, had died early and left my dear mother without any means of support for herself and three children except what she earned by teaching school and music, it did not make life harder for me, for I had been since I was three years old with mother's youngest and loveliest sister and her husband.

Chapter 7 of The Making of an American by Jacob A. (Jacob August) Riis holds 258 sentences, grouped into 52 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of The Making of an American contain?

Chapter 7 holds 258 sentences of The Making of an American, unabridged, divided into 52 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of The Making of an American by Jacob A. (Jacob August) Riis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 258 sentences, grouped into 52 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of The Making of an American?

Work through the 52 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 52 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Making of an American

Common questions about reading The Making of an American by Jacob A. (Jacob August) Riis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Making of an American?

Yes. All 5309 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6125 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Making of an American is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6125, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Making of an American take to read?

About 442 minutes of reading across 1062 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Making of an American section by section

How to work through The Making of an American section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of The Making of an American to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Making of an American

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Making of an American, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Outskirts
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Making of an American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ancient
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Making of an American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Danish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Making of an American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
North
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Making of an American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.