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The Making of an American
The Making of an American

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Making of an American is here in full — 347 sentences across 70 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/69 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.
I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.
At such times I set my teeth hard and promised myself that some day she should have the best in the land.
She never with word or look betrayed if she, too, felt the pang.
We were comrades for better or worse from the day she put her hand in mine, and never was there a more loyal and faithful one.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Making of an American

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Making of an American is here in full — 347 sentences across 70 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/69 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.
/ˈɜːrli ˈmerid laɪf aɪ bɪˈkʌm æn ˈædvərtaɪzɪŋ ˈbjʊroʊ ɑːn ðə ˈtrɪbjuːn ɪt wɑːz noʊ ˈiːzi laɪf tuː wɪtʃ aɪ brɔːt hoʊm maɪ jʌŋ waɪf/
Line 2
I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.
Line 3
At such times I set my teeth hard and promised myself that some day she should have the best in the land.
/æt sʌtʃ taɪmz aɪ set maɪ tiːθ hɑːrd ənd ˈprɑːməst ˌmaɪˈself ðæt sʌm deɪ ʃiː ʃʊd hæv ðə best ɪn ðə lænd/
Line 4
She never with word or look betrayed if she, too, felt the pang.
/ʃiː ˈnevər wɪð wɜːrd ɔːr lʊk bɪˈtreɪd ɪf ʃiː tuː felt ðə pæŋ/
Line 5
We were comrades for better or worse from the day she put her hand in mine, and never was there a more loyal and faithful one.
/wiː wɜːr ˈkɑːmrædz fɔːr ˈbetər ɔːr wɜːrs frʌm ðə deɪ ʃiː pʊt hɜːr hænd ɪn maɪn ənd ˈnevər wɑːz ðer ə mɔːr ˈlɔɪəl ənd ˈfeɪθfəl wʌn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

advertising noun US /ˈædvərtaɪzɪŋ/

a public promotion of some product or service

From this reading “EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.”

betrayed verb US /bɪˈtreɪd/

past form of “betray” — reveal unintentionally

From this reading “She never with word or look betrayed if she, too, felt the pang.”

bureau noun US /ˈbjʊroʊ/

an administrative unit of government

From this reading “EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.”

comrades noun US /ˈkɑːmrædz/

plural of “comrade” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading “We were comrades for better or worse from the day she put her hand in mine, and never was there a more loyal and faithful one.”

loyal adjective US /ˈlɔɪəl/

steadfast in allegiance or duty

From this reading “We were comrades for better or worse from the day she put her hand in mine, and never was there a more loyal and faithful one.”

pang noun US /pæŋ/

a sudden sharp feeling

From this reading “I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.”

setting noun US /ˈsetɪŋ/

the context and environment in which something is set

From this reading “I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.”

tribune noun US /ˈtrɪbjuːn/

(ancient Rome) an official elected by the plebeians to protect their interests

From this reading “EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.”

All words in this reading · 84

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

ADVERTISINGnounUS /ˈædvərtaɪzɪŋ/

a public promotion of some product or service

From this reading EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At such times I set my teeth hard and promised myself that some day she should have the best in the land.

BECOMEverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading At such times I set my teeth hard and promised myself that some day she should have the best in the land.

betrayedverbUS /bɪˈtreɪd/

past form of “betray” — reveal unintentionally

From this reading She never with word or look betrayed if she, too, felt the pang.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading We were comrades for better or worse from the day she put her hand in mine, and never was there a more loyal and faithful one.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.

BUREAUnounUS /ˈbjʊroʊ/

an administrative unit of government

From this reading EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.

comradesnounUS /ˈkɑːmrædz/

plural of “comrade” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading We were comrades for better or worse from the day she put her hand in mine, and never was there a more loyal and faithful one.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading At such times I set my teeth hard and promised myself that some day she should have the best in the land.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

EARLYadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.

faithfuladjectiveUS /ˈfeɪθfəl/

steadfast in affection or allegiance

From this reading We were comrades for better or worse from the day she put her hand in mine, and never was there a more loyal and faithful one.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading We were comrades for better or worse from the day she put her hand in mine, and never was there a more loyal and faithful one.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading We were comrades for better or worse from the day she put her hand in mine, and never was there a more loyal and faithful one.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading At such times I set my teeth hard and promised myself that some day she should have the best in the land.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading At such times I set my teeth hard and promised myself that some day she should have the best in the land.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading She never with word or look betrayed if she, too, felt the pang.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading At such times I set my teeth hard and promised myself that some day she should have the best in the land.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading At such times I set my teeth hard and promised myself that some day she should have the best in the land.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

LIFEnounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading She never with word or look betrayed if she, too, felt the pang.

loyaladjectiveUS /ˈlɔɪəl/

steadfast in allegiance or duty

From this reading We were comrades for better or worse from the day she put her hand in mine, and never was there a more loyal and faithful one.

MARRIEDadjectiveUS /ˈmerid/

joined in matrimony

From this reading EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.

minepronounUS /maɪn/

the one or ones belonging to the person speaking

From this reading We were comrades for better or worse from the day she put her hand in mine, and never was there a more loyal and faithful one.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading We were comrades for better or worse from the day she put her hand in mine, and never was there a more loyal and faithful one.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading At such times I set my teeth hard and promised myself that some day she should have the best in the land.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading She never with word or look betrayed if she, too, felt the pang.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

offerverbUS /ˈɔːfər/

make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading We were comrades for better or worse from the day she put her hand in mine, and never was there a more loyal and faithful one.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading She never with word or look betrayed if she, too, felt the pang.

pangnounUS /pæŋ/

a sudden sharp feeling

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

promisedverbUS /ˈprɑːməst/

past form of “promise” — make a promise or commitment

From this reading At such times I set my teeth hard and promised myself that some day she should have the best in the land.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading We were comrades for better or worse from the day she put her hand in mine, and never was there a more loyal and faithful one.

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading At such times I set my teeth hard and promised myself that some day she should have the best in the land.

settingnounUS /ˈsetɪŋ/

the context and environment in which something is set

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading At such times I set my teeth hard and promised myself that some day she should have the best in the land.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading At such times I set my teeth hard and promised myself that some day she should have the best in the land.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading At such times I set my teeth hard and promised myself that some day she should have the best in the land.

teethnounUS /tiːθ/

the kind and number and arrangement of teeth (collectively) in a person or animal

From this reading At such times I set my teeth hard and promised myself that some day she should have the best in the land.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading At such times I set my teeth hard and promised myself that some day she should have the best in the land.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading We were comrades for better or worse from the day she put her hand in mine, and never was there a more loyal and faithful one.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading At such times I set my teeth hard and promised myself that some day she should have the best in the land.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading She never with word or look betrayed if she, too, felt the pang.

TRIBUNEnounUS /ˈtrɪbjuːn/

(ancient Rome) an official elected by the plebeians to protect their interests

From this reading EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We were comrades for better or worse from the day she put her hand in mine, and never was there a more loyal and faithful one.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We were comrades for better or worse from the day she put her hand in mine, and never was there a more loyal and faithful one.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I felt it often with a secret pang when I thought how few friends I had to offer her for those she had left, and how very different was the whole setting of her new home.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading She never with word or look betrayed if she, too, felt the pang.

worseadjectiveUS /wɜːrs/

(comparative of “bad”) inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability

From this reading We were comrades for better or worse from the day she put her hand in mine, and never was there a more loyal and faithful one.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading EARLY MARRIED LIFE; I BECOME AN ADVERTISING BUREAU; ON THE "TRIBUNE" It was no easy life to which I brought home my young wife.

Chapter 8 of The Making of an American by Jacob A. (Jacob August) Riis holds 347 sentences, grouped into 70 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Making of an American contain?

Chapter 8 holds 347 sentences of The Making of an American, unabridged, divided into 70 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Making of an American by Jacob A. (Jacob August) Riis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 347 sentences, grouped into 70 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Making of an American?

Work through the 70 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 70 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Making of an American

Common questions about reading The Making of an American by Jacob A. (Jacob August) Riis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Making of an American?

Yes. All 5309 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6125 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Making of an American is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6125, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Making of an American take to read?

About 442 minutes of reading across 1062 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Making of an American section by section

How to work through The Making of an American section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of The Making of an American to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Making of an American

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Making of an American, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Outskirts
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Making of an American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ancient
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Making of an American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Danish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Making of an American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
North
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Making of an American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.