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The Making of an American
The Making of an American

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of The Making of an American is here in full — 392 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/78 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.
It was not a small matter.
To be sure, the wrong could have been undone in a day by the authorities, had they been so minded.
That it was not undone was largely, and illogically, because no one had a word to say in its defence.
When there are two sides to a thing, it is not difficult to get at the right of it in an argument, and to carry public opinion for the right.
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The Making of an American

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of The Making of an American is here in full — 392 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/78 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.
/ðə bend ɪz leɪd baɪ ðə hiːlz ɪf ðer biː ˈeni tuː huːm ðə trəˈveɪl θruː wɪtʃ wiː hæv dʒʌst kʌm siːmz laɪk ə ˈmaɪti ˈtempəst ɪn ə ˈtiːpɑːt let hɪm kwɪt ˈθɪŋkɪŋ soʊ/
Line 2
It was not a small matter.
/ɪt wɑːz nɑːt ə smɔːl ˈmætər/
Line 3
To be sure, the wrong could have been undone in a day by the authorities, had they been so minded.
/tuː biː ʃʊr ðə rɔːŋ kʊd hæv bɪn ənˈdʌn ɪn ə deɪ baɪ ðə əˈθɔːrətiz hæd ðeɪ bɪn soʊ ˈmaɪndəd/
Line 4
That it was not undone was largely, and illogically, because no one had a word to say in its defence.
Line 5
When there are two sides to a thing, it is not difficult to get at the right of it in an argument, and to carry public opinion for the right.
/wen ðer ɑːr tuː saɪdz tuː ə θɪŋ ɪt ɪz nɑːt ˈdɪfəkəlt tuː ɡet æt ðə raɪt ʌv ɪt ɪn æn ˈɑːrɡjəmənt ənd tuː ˈkæri ˈpʌblɪk əˈpɪnjən fɔːr ðə raɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

authorities noun US /əˈθɔːrətiz/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading “To be sure, the wrong could have been undone in a day by the authorities, had they been so minded.”

bend verb US /bend/

form a curve

From this reading “THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.”

largely adverb US /ˈlɑːrdʒli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading “That it was not undone was largely, and illogically, because no one had a word to say in its defence.”

minded adjective US /ˈmaɪndəd/

(used in combination) mentally oriented toward something specified

From this reading “To be sure, the wrong could have been undone in a day by the authorities, had they been so minded.”

teapot noun US /ˈtiːpɑːt/

pot for brewing tea; usually has a spout and handle

From this reading “THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.”

tempest noun US /ˈtempəst/

a violent commotion or disturbance

From this reading “THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.”

travail noun US /trəˈveɪl/

concluding state of pregnancy; from the onset of contractions to the birth of a child

From this reading “THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.”

undone adjective US /ənˈdʌn/

not done

From this reading “To be sure, the wrong could have been undone in a day by the authorities, had they been so minded.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading When there are two sides to a thing, it is not difficult to get at the right of it in an argument, and to carry public opinion for the right.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading That it was not undone was largely, and illogically, because no one had a word to say in its defence.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading When there are two sides to a thing, it is not difficult to get at the right of it in an argument, and to carry public opinion for the right.

argumentnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/

a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading When there are two sides to a thing, it is not difficult to get at the right of it in an argument, and to carry public opinion for the right.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading When there are two sides to a thing, it is not difficult to get at the right of it in an argument, and to carry public opinion for the right.

authoritiesnounUS /əˈθɔːrətiz/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading To be sure, the wrong could have been undone in a day by the authorities, had they been so minded.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading That it was not undone was largely, and illogically, because no one had a word to say in its defence.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading To be sure, the wrong could have been undone in a day by the authorities, had they been so minded.

BENDverbUS /bend/

form a curve

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

BYprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading When there are two sides to a thing, it is not difficult to get at the right of it in an argument, and to carry public opinion for the right.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading To be sure, the wrong could have been undone in a day by the authorities, had they been so minded.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading To be sure, the wrong could have been undone in a day by the authorities, had they been so minded.

defencenounUS /dɪˈfens/

(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires

From this reading That it was not undone was largely, and illogically, because no one had a word to say in its defence.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading When there are two sides to a thing, it is not difficult to get at the right of it in an argument, and to carry public opinion for the right.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading When there are two sides to a thing, it is not difficult to get at the right of it in an argument, and to carry public opinion for the right.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading When there are two sides to a thing, it is not difficult to get at the right of it in an argument, and to carry public opinion for the right.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading To be sure, the wrong could have been undone in a day by the authorities, had they been so minded.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

HEELSnounUS /hiːlz/

plural of “heel” — the bottom of a shoe or boot; the back part of a shoe or boot that touches the ground and provides elevation

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

illogicallyadverb

in an illogical manner

From this reading That it was not undone was largely, and illogically, because no one had a word to say in its defence.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

ISauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was not a small matter.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading That it was not undone was largely, and illogically, because no one had a word to say in its defence.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

LAIDadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

largelyadverbUS /ˈlɑːrdʒli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading That it was not undone was largely, and illogically, because no one had a word to say in its defence.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading It was not a small matter.

mightyadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪti/

having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

mindedadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪndəd/

(used in combination) mentally oriented toward something specified

From this reading To be sure, the wrong could have been undone in a day by the authorities, had they been so minded.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading That it was not undone was largely, and illogically, because no one had a word to say in its defence.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was not a small matter.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading When there are two sides to a thing, it is not difficult to get at the right of it in an argument, and to carry public opinion for the right.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading That it was not undone was largely, and illogically, because no one had a word to say in its defence.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading When there are two sides to a thing, it is not difficult to get at the right of it in an argument, and to carry public opinion for the right.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading When there are two sides to a thing, it is not difficult to get at the right of it in an argument, and to carry public opinion for the right.

quitverbUS /kwɪt/

put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading When there are two sides to a thing, it is not difficult to get at the right of it in an argument, and to carry public opinion for the right.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading That it was not undone was largely, and illogically, because no one had a word to say in its defence.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading When there are two sides to a thing, it is not difficult to get at the right of it in an argument, and to carry public opinion for the right.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It was not a small matter.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading To be sure, the wrong could have been undone in a day by the authorities, had they been so minded.

teapotnounUS /ˈtiːpɑːt/

pot for brewing tea; usually has a spout and handle

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

tempestnounUS /ˈtempəst/

a violent commotion or disturbance

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That it was not undone was largely, and illogically, because no one had a word to say in its defence.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading To be sure, the wrong could have been undone in a day by the authorities, had they been so minded.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading When there are two sides to a thing, it is not difficult to get at the right of it in an argument, and to carry public opinion for the right.

thinkingnounUS /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

the process of using your mind to consider something carefully

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

travailnounUS /trəˈveɪl/

concluding state of pregnancy; from the onset of contractions to the birth of a child

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading When there are two sides to a thing, it is not difficult to get at the right of it in an argument, and to carry public opinion for the right.

undoneadjectiveUS /ənˈdʌn/

not done

From this reading To be sure, the wrong could have been undone in a day by the authorities, had they been so minded.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was not a small matter.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When there are two sides to a thing, it is not difficult to get at the right of it in an argument, and to carry public opinion for the right.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading THE BEND IS LAID BY THE HEELS If there be any to whom the travail through which we have just come seems like a mighty tempest in a teapot, let him quit thinking so.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading That it was not undone was largely, and illogically, because no one had a word to say in its defence.

wrongadjectiveUS /rɔːŋ/

not correct; not in conformity with fact or truth

From this reading To be sure, the wrong could have been undone in a day by the authorities, had they been so minded.

Chapter 11 of The Making of an American by Jacob A. (Jacob August) Riis holds 392 sentences, grouped into 79 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of The Making of an American contain?

Chapter 11 holds 392 sentences of The Making of an American, unabridged, divided into 79 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of The Making of an American by Jacob A. (Jacob August) Riis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 392 sentences, grouped into 79 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of The Making of an American?

Work through the 79 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 79 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Making of an American

Common questions about reading The Making of an American by Jacob A. (Jacob August) Riis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Making of an American?

Yes. All 5309 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6125 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #6125, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 442 minutes of reading across 1062 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Making of an American

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Making of an American, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Outskirts
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Making of an American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ancient
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Making of an American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Danish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Making of an American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
North
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Making of an American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.