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The Man-at-Arms
The Man-at-Arms

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Man-at-Arms is here in full — 194 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/38 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.
The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.
The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.
Notwithstanding the intensity of the cold, or rather, perhaps, as a consequence of it, the whole ground was covered with a light white mist.
It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Man-at-Arms

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Man-at-Arms is here in full — 194 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/38 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.
/ɪt wɑːz ˌɪnˈtensli koʊld wen dʒʌst æz ɪt wɑːz ˈtɜːrnɪŋ dʌsk wiː set aʊt frʌm ðə ˈlɪtəl ˈvɪlədʒ əˈpɑːn ˈaʊər prəˈdʒektəd ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/
Line 2
The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.
/ðə ɡraʊnd wɑːz æz hɑːrd æz ˈaɪərn ˈevəri striːm wɑːz held ɪn ˈaɪsi ˈʃækəlz ənd ðer wɑːz ə dʌl ˈstɪlnəs ɪn ðə er æz ɪf ˈiːvɪn ðə ˈveri saʊndz wɜːr ˈfroʊzən/
Line 3
The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.
/ðə ˈwɪntri ˈmelədi ʌv ðə ˈrɑːbən hæd siːst ðə ˈloʊɪŋ ʌv ðə ˈkætəl wɑːz ˈoʊvər ənd ðə ʃrɪl ˈkroʊɪŋ ʌv ðə ˈwɑːtʃfəl kɑːk hɜːrd ɪn sʌm fɑːr ˈdɪstənt fɑːrm wɪtʃ wʌns ənd wʌns ˈoʊnli broʊk ðə ˈstɪlnəs æz wiː prəˈsiːdɪd meɪd ɪt siːm mɔːr proʊˈfaʊnd ðə ˈmoʊmənt ðə saʊnd hæd siːst/
Line 4
Notwithstanding the intensity of the cold, or rather, perhaps, as a consequence of it, the whole ground was covered with a light white mist.
/ˌnɑːtwɪθˈstændɪŋ ðə ɪnˈtensəti ʌv ðə koʊld ɔːr ˈræðər pərˈhæps æz ə ˈkɑːnsəkwəns ʌv ɪt ðə hoʊl ɡraʊnd wɑːz ˈkʌvərd wɪð ə laɪt waɪt mɪst/
Line 5
It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

crowing noun US /ˈkroʊɪŋ/

an instance of boastful talk

From this reading “The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.”

distort verb US /dɪˈstɔːrt/

make false by mutilation or addition; as of a message or story

From this reading “It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.”

lowing verb US /ˈloʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “low” — make a low noise, characteristic of bovines

From this reading “The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.”

magnifying verb US /ˈmæɡnəfaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “magnify” — increase in size, volume or significance

From this reading “It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.”

projected adjective US /prəˈdʒektəd/

extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary

From this reading “It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.”

shackles noun US /ˈʃækəlz/

plural of “shackle” — a restraint that confines or restricts freedom (especially something used to tie down or restrain a prisoner)

From this reading “The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.”

watchful adjective US /ˈwɑːtʃfəl/

engaged in or accustomed to close observation

From this reading “The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.”

wintry adjective US /ˈwɪntri/

characteristic of or occurring in winter

From this reading “The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

surrounding objects adjective + noun counted as “surrounding object”

In this reading “It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.”

intensely cold adverb + adjective

In this reading “It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.”

far distant adverb + adjective

In this reading “The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.”

set out verb + adjective

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

In this reading “It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.”

little village adjective + noun

In this reading “It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.”

in the air preposition + article + noun counted as “in … air”

on everybody's mind

In this reading “The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.”

All words in this reading · 104

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.

brokeadjectiveUS /broʊk/

lacking funds

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.

cattlenounUS /ˈkætəl/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

ceasedverbUS /siːst/

past form of “cease” — put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

cockverbUS /kɑːk/

tilt or slant to one side

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.

consequencenounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəns/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Notwithstanding the intensity of the cold, or rather, perhaps, as a consequence of it, the whole ground was covered with a light white mist.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading Notwithstanding the intensity of the cold, or rather, perhaps, as a consequence of it, the whole ground was covered with a light white mist.

crowingnounUS /ˈkroʊɪŋ/

an instance of boastful talk

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

distortverbUS /dɪˈstɔːrt/

make false by mutilation or addition; as of a message or story

From this reading It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.

dulladjectiveUS /dʌl/

lacking in liveliness or animation

From this reading The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.

dusknounUS /dʌsk/

the time of day immediately following sunset

From this reading It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.

duskinessnoun

the state of being poorly illuminated

From this reading It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

farmverbUS /fɑːrm/

be a farmer; work as a farmer

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

fognounUS /fɑːɡ/

droplets of water vapor suspended in the air near the ground

From this reading It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.

frozenadjectiveUS /ˈfroʊzən/

turned into ice; affected by freezing or by long and severe cold

From this reading The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.

icyadjectiveUS /ˈaɪsi/

devoid of warmth and cordiality; expressive of unfriendliness or disdain

From this reading The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.

intenselyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈtensli/

to a high degree; extremely; in high concentration or density

From this reading It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.

intensitynounUS /ɪnˈtensəti/

the amount of energy transmitted (as by acoustic or electromagnetic radiation)

From this reading Notwithstanding the intensity of the cold, or rather, perhaps, as a consequence of it, the whole ground was covered with a light white mist.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading Notwithstanding the intensity of the cold, or rather, perhaps, as a consequence of it, the whole ground was covered with a light white mist.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.

lowingverbUS /ˈloʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “low” — make a low noise, characteristic of bovines

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

magnifyingverbUS /ˈmæɡnəfaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “magnify” — increase in size, volume or significance

From this reading It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.

melodynounUS /ˈmelədi/

a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

mistverbUS /mɪst/

become covered with mist

From this reading Notwithstanding the intensity of the cold, or rather, perhaps, as a consequence of it, the whole ground was covered with a light white mist.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.

NotwithstandingadverbUS /ˌnɑːtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/

despite anything to the contrary (usually preceding a concession)

From this reading Notwithstanding the intensity of the cold, or rather, perhaps, as a consequence of it, the whole ground was covered with a light white mist.

objectsnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekts/

plural of “object” — a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Notwithstanding the intensity of the cold, or rather, perhaps, as a consequence of it, the whole ground was covered with a light white mist.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading Notwithstanding the intensity of the cold, or rather, perhaps, as a consequence of it, the whole ground was covered with a light white mist.

proceededverbUS /prəˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “proceed” — continue talking

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

profoundadjectiveUS /proʊˈfaʊnd/

showing intellectual penetration or emotional depth

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

projectedadjectiveUS /prəˈdʒektəd/

extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary

From this reading It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading Notwithstanding the intensity of the cold, or rather, perhaps, as a consequence of it, the whole ground was covered with a light white mist.

renderedverbUS /ˈrendərd/

past form of “render” — cause to become

From this reading It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.

robinnounUS /ˈrɑːbən/

small Old World songbird with a reddish breast

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

seemingadjectiveUS /ˈsiːmɪŋ/

appearing as such but not necessarily so

From this reading It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.

shacklesnounUS /ˈʃækəlz/

plural of “shackle” — a restraint that confines or restricts freedom (especially something used to tie down or restrain a prisoner)

From this reading The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.

shrilladjectiveUS /ʃrɪl/

having or emitting a high-pitched and sharp tone or tones

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

sizenounUS /saɪz/

the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)

From this reading It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

soundsnounUS /saʊndz/

plural of “sound” — the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.

stillnessnounUS /ˈstɪlnəs/

(poetic) tranquil silence

From this reading The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.

surroundingadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪŋ/

closely encircling

From this reading It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading It could not be called a fog, but, together with the duskiness of the hour, it rendered all the surrounding objects difficult to be seen, magnifying them in size, and even seeming to distort them in shape.

turningnounUS /ˈtɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of changing or reversing the direction of the course

From this reading It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.

watchfuladjectiveUS /ˈwɑːtʃfəl/

engaged in or accustomed to close observation

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The ground was as hard as iron, every stream was held in icy shackles, and there was a dull stillness in the air as if even the very sounds were frozen.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It was intensely cold, when, just as it was turning dusk, we set out from the little village upon our projected expedition.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading Notwithstanding the intensity of the cold, or rather, perhaps, as a consequence of it, the whole ground was covered with a light white mist.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading Notwithstanding the intensity of the cold, or rather, perhaps, as a consequence of it, the whole ground was covered with a light white mist.

wintryadjectiveUS /ˈwɪntri/

characteristic of or occurring in winter

From this reading The wintry melody of the robin had ceased, the lowing of the cattle was over, and the shrill crowing of the watchful cock heard in some far distant farm, which once, and once only, broke the stillness as we proceeded, made it seem more profound the moment the sound had ceased.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Notwithstanding the intensity of the cold, or rather, perhaps, as a consequence of it, the whole ground was covered with a light white mist.

Chapter 8 of The Man-at-Arms by G. P. R. (George Payne Rainsford) James holds 194 sentences, grouped into 39 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Man-at-Arms contain?

Chapter 8 holds 194 sentences of The Man-at-Arms, unabridged, divided into 39 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Man-at-Arms by G. P. R. (George Payne Rainsford) James exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 194 sentences, grouped into 39 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Man-at-Arms?

Work through the 39 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 39 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Man-at-Arms

Common questions about reading The Man-at-Arms by G. P. R. (George Payne Rainsford) James on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Man-at-Arms?

Yes. All 4039 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #50855 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Man-at-Arms is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #50855, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Man-at-Arms take to read?

About 336 minutes of reading across 808 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Man-at-Arms section by section

How to work through The Man-at-Arms section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Man-at-Arms

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Man-at-Arms, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Difficult
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Man-at-Arms; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Discover
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Man-at-Arms; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Exact
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Man-at-Arms; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sources
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Man-at-Arms; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.