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The Man in Gray: A Romance of North and South
The Man in Gray: A Romance of North and South

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Man in Gray: A Romance of North and South is here in full — 300 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/60 · 5 lines
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John Brown's body lay molderingin the grave but his soul was marching on.
And his soul was a thousand times mightier than his body had ever been.
While living, his abnormal mind repelled men of strong personality.
He had never been able to control more than two dozen people in any enterprise which he undertook.
And in these small bands rebellions always broke out.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Man in Gray: A Romance of North and South

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Man in Gray: A Romance of North and South is here in full — 300 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/60 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
John Brown's body lay molderingin the grave but his soul was marching on.
Line 2
And his soul was a thousand times mightier than his body had ever been.
/ənd hɪz soʊl wɑːz ə ˈθaʊzənd taɪmz ˈmaɪtiər ðæn hɪz ˈbɑːdi hæd ˈevər bɪn/
Line 3
While living, his abnormal mind repelled men of strong personality.
/waɪl ˈlɪvɪŋ hɪz æbˈnɔːrməl maɪnd rəˈpeld men ʌv strɔːŋ ˌpɜːrsəˈnælɪti/
Line 4
He had never been able to control more than two dozen people in any enterprise which he undertook.
/hiː hæd ˈnevər bɪn ˈeɪbəl tuː kənˈtroʊl mɔːr ðæn tuː ˈdʌzən ˈpiːpəl ɪn ˈeni ˈentərpraɪz wɪtʃ hiː ˌʌndərˈtʊk/
Line 5
And in these small bands rebellions always broke out.
/ənd ɪn ðiːz smɔːl bændz rɪˈbeljənz ˈɔːlweɪz broʊk aʊt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abnormal adjective US /æbˈnɔːrməl/

not normal; not typical or usual or regular or conforming to a norm

From this reading “While living, his abnormal mind repelled men of strong personality.”

bands noun US /bændz/

plural of “band” — an unofficial association of people or groups

From this reading “And in these small bands rebellions always broke out.”

Brown's noun US /braʊnz/

possessive form of “brown” — an orange of low brightness and saturation

From this reading “John Brown's body lay molderingin the grave but his soul was marching on.”

mightier adjective US /ˈmaɪtiər/

comparative of “mighty” — having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading “And his soul was a thousand times mightier than his body had ever been.”

personality noun US /ˌpɜːrsəˈnælɪti/

the complex of all the attributes--behavioral, temperamental, emotional and mental--that characterize a unique individual

From this reading “While living, his abnormal mind repelled men of strong personality.”

rebellions noun US /rɪˈbeljənz/

plural of “rebellion” — refusal to accept some authority or code or convention

From this reading “And in these small bands rebellions always broke out.”

repelled verb US /rəˈpeld/

inflected form of “repel” — cause to move back by force or influence

From this reading “While living, his abnormal mind repelled men of strong personality.”

undertook verb US /ˌʌndərˈtʊk/

inflected form of “undertake” — enter upon an activity or enterprise

From this reading “He had never been able to control more than two dozen people in any enterprise which he undertook.”

All words in this reading · 52

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading And his soul was a thousand times mightier than his body had ever been.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading He had never been able to control more than two dozen people in any enterprise which he undertook.

abnormaladjectiveUS /æbˈnɔːrməl/

not normal; not typical or usual or regular or conforming to a norm

From this reading While living, his abnormal mind repelled men of strong personality.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading And in these small bands rebellions always broke out.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And his soul was a thousand times mightier than his body had ever been.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading He had never been able to control more than two dozen people in any enterprise which he undertook.

bandsnounUS /bændz/

plural of “band” — an unofficial association of people or groups

From this reading And in these small bands rebellions always broke out.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading And his soul was a thousand times mightier than his body had ever been.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading John Brown's body lay molderingin the grave but his soul was marching on.

brokeadjectiveUS /broʊk/

lacking funds

From this reading And in these small bands rebellions always broke out.

Brown'snounUS /braʊnz/

possessive form of “brown” — an orange of low brightness and saturation

From this reading John Brown's body lay molderingin the grave but his soul was marching on.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading John Brown's body lay molderingin the grave but his soul was marching on.

controlnounUS /kənˈtroʊl/

power to direct or determine

From this reading He had never been able to control more than two dozen people in any enterprise which he undertook.

dozennounUS /ˈdʌzən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading He had never been able to control more than two dozen people in any enterprise which he undertook.

enterprisenounUS /ˈentərpraɪz/

a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading He had never been able to control more than two dozen people in any enterprise which he undertook.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading And his soul was a thousand times mightier than his body had ever been.

gravenounUS /ɡreɪv/

death of a person

From this reading John Brown's body lay molderingin the grave but his soul was marching on.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading And his soul was a thousand times mightier than his body had ever been.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had never been able to control more than two dozen people in any enterprise which he undertook.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading John Brown's body lay molderingin the grave but his soul was marching on.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He had never been able to control more than two dozen people in any enterprise which he undertook.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading John Brown's body lay molderingin the grave but his soul was marching on.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading John Brown's body lay molderingin the grave but his soul was marching on.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading While living, his abnormal mind repelled men of strong personality.

marchingnounUS /ˈmɑːrtʃɪŋ/

the act of marching; walking with regular steps (especially in a procession of some kind)

From this reading John Brown's body lay molderingin the grave but his soul was marching on.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading While living, his abnormal mind repelled men of strong personality.

mightieradjectiveUS /ˈmaɪtiər/

comparative of “mighty” — having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading And his soul was a thousand times mightier than his body had ever been.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading While living, his abnormal mind repelled men of strong personality.

molderingin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading John Brown's body lay molderingin the grave but his soul was marching on.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading He had never been able to control more than two dozen people in any enterprise which he undertook.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading He had never been able to control more than two dozen people in any enterprise which he undertook.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading While living, his abnormal mind repelled men of strong personality.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading John Brown's body lay molderingin the grave but his soul was marching on.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading And in these small bands rebellions always broke out.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading He had never been able to control more than two dozen people in any enterprise which he undertook.

personalitynounUS /ˌpɜːrsəˈnælɪti/

the complex of all the attributes--behavioral, temperamental, emotional and mental--that characterize a unique individual

From this reading While living, his abnormal mind repelled men of strong personality.

rebellionsnounUS /rɪˈbeljənz/

plural of “rebellion” — refusal to accept some authority or code or convention

From this reading And in these small bands rebellions always broke out.

repelledverbUS /rəˈpeld/

inflected form of “repel” — cause to move back by force or influence

From this reading While living, his abnormal mind repelled men of strong personality.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading And in these small bands rebellions always broke out.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading John Brown's body lay molderingin the grave but his soul was marching on.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading While living, his abnormal mind repelled men of strong personality.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading And his soul was a thousand times mightier than his body had ever been.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading John Brown's body lay molderingin the grave but his soul was marching on.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading And in these small bands rebellions always broke out.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading And his soul was a thousand times mightier than his body had ever been.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading And his soul was a thousand times mightier than his body had ever been.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He had never been able to control more than two dozen people in any enterprise which he undertook.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading He had never been able to control more than two dozen people in any enterprise which he undertook.

undertookverbUS /ˌʌndərˈtʊk/

inflected form of “undertake” — enter upon an activity or enterprise

From this reading He had never been able to control more than two dozen people in any enterprise which he undertook.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading John Brown's body lay molderingin the grave but his soul was marching on.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He had never been able to control more than two dozen people in any enterprise which he undertook.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading While living, his abnormal mind repelled men of strong personality.

Chapter 31 of The Man in Gray: A Romance of North and South by Thomas, Jr. Dixon holds 300 sentences, grouped into 60 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Man in Gray: A Romance of North and South contain?

Chapter 31 holds 300 sentences of The Man in Gray: A Romance of North and South, unabridged, divided into 60 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Man in Gray: A Romance of North and South by Thomas, Jr. Dixon exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 300 sentences, grouped into 60 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Man in Gray: A Romance of North and South?

Work through the 60 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 60 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Man in Gray: A Romance of North and South

Common questions about reading The Man in Gray: A Romance of North and South by Thomas, Jr. Dixon on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Man in Gray: A Romance of North and South?

Yes. All 9440 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #8462 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Man in Gray: A Romance of North and South is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #8462, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Man in Gray: A Romance of North and South take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1888 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Man in Gray: A Romance of North and South section by section

How to work through The Man in Gray: A Romance of North and South section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Man in Gray: A Romance of North and South

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Man in Gray: A Romance of North and South, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Fireflies
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Man in Gray: A Romance of North and South; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Virginia
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Man in Gray: A Romance of North and South; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hills
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Man in Gray: A Romance of North and South; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Blinking
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Man in Gray: A Romance of North and South; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.