Chapter IV

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was a rough and thorny trail, winding in and out and up over brushy benches, then down again to the creek.

from one side of something to the other

From this reading Startled deer rose up timorously from their beds along the hillside, wild turkeys ran flapping across the path; and along the bluffs the tracks of mountain lion and bear told of others who prowled by night.

anew

From this reading It was a rough and thorny trail, winding in and out and up over brushy benches, then down again to the creek.

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Startled deer rose up timorously from their beds along the hillside, wild turkeys ran flapping across the path; and along the bluffs the tracks of mountain lion and bear told of others who prowled by night.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading These were covered with black pines and Douglas spruce, clinging close to the shelving slopes; and below them the oaks and junipers crept in, while at the bottom there was cactus and mesquite.

a bowl-shaped vessel; usually used for holding food or liquids

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

have

From this reading Startled deer rose up timorously from their beds along the hillside, wild turkeys ran flapping across the path; and along the bluffs the tracks of mountain lion and bear told of others who prowled by night.

plural of “bed” — a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading Startled deer rose up timorously from their beds along the hillside, wild turkeys ran flapping across the path; and along the bluffs the tracks of mountain lion and bear told of others who prowled by night.

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading These were covered with black pines and Douglas spruce, clinging close to the shelving slopes; and below them the oaks and junipers crept in, while at the bottom there was cactus and mesquite.

plural of “bench” — a long seat for more than one person

From this reading It was a rough and thorny trail, winding in and out and up over brushy benches, then down again to the creek.

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

on the far side of; further than

From this reading The mountains rose up in jumbled and shattered terraces, split here and there by dark and jagged chasms which revealed the far heights beyond.

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading These were covered with black pines and Douglas spruce, clinging close to the shelving slopes; and below them the oaks and junipers crept in, while at the bottom there was cactus and mesquite.

plural of “bluff” — a high steep bank (usually formed by river erosion)

From this reading Startled deer rose up timorously from their beds along the hillside, wild turkeys ran flapping across the path; and along the bluffs the tracks of mountain lion and bear told of others who prowled by night.

the two together, not just one

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

the lower side of anything

From this reading These were covered with black pines and Douglas spruce, clinging close to the shelving slopes; and below them the oaks and junipers crept in, while at the bottom there was cactus and mesquite.

covered with or consisting of bushes or thickets

From this reading It was a rough and thorny trail, winding in and out and up over brushy benches, then down again to the creek.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The mountains rose up in jumbled and shattered terraces, split here and there by dark and jagged chasms which revealed the far heights beyond.

any succulent plant of the family Cactaceae native chiefly to arid regions of the New World and usually having spines

From this reading These were covered with black pines and Douglas spruce, clinging close to the shelving slopes; and below them the oaks and junipers crept in, while at the bottom there was cactus and mesquite.

a ravine formed by a river in an area with little rainfall

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

inflected form of “catch” — discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

plural of “cavern” — any large dark enclosed space

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The mountains rose up in jumbled and shattered terraces, split here and there by dark and jagged chasms which revealed the far heights beyond.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

-ing form of “cling” — come or be in close contact with; stick or hold together and resist separation

From this reading These were covered with black pines and Douglas spruce, clinging close to the shelving slopes; and below them the oaks and junipers crept in, while at the bottom there was cactus and mesquite.

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading These were covered with black pines and Douglas spruce, clinging close to the shelving slopes; and below them the oaks and junipers crept in, while at the bottom there was cactus and mesquite.

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading These were covered with black pines and Douglas spruce, clinging close to the shelving slopes; and below them the oaks and junipers crept in, while at the bottom there was cactus and mesquite.

plural of “crag” — a steep rugged rock or cliff

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

a natural stream of water smaller than a river (and often a tributary of a river)

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

inflected form of “creep” — move slowly; in the case of people or animals with the body near the ground

From this reading These were covered with black pines and Douglas spruce, clinging close to the shelving slopes; and below them the oaks and junipers crept in, while at the bottom there was cactus and mesquite.

absence of light or illumination

From this reading The mountains rose up in jumbled and shattered terraces, split here and there by dark and jagged chasms which revealed the far heights beyond.

distinguished from Bovidae by the male's having solid deciduous antlers

From this reading Startled deer rose up timorously from their beds along the hillside, wild turkeys ran flapping across the path; and along the bluffs the tracks of mountain lion and bear told of others who prowled by night.

United States politician who proposed that individual territories be allowed to decide whether they would have slavery; he engaged in a famous series of debates with Abraham Lincoln (1813-1861)

From this reading These were covered with black pines and Douglas spruce, clinging close to the shelving slopes; and below them the oaks and junipers crept in, while at the bottom there was cactus and mesquite.

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading It was a rough and thorny trail, winding in and out and up over brushy benches, then down again to the creek.

the organ of sight

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The mountains rose up in jumbled and shattered terraces, split here and there by dark and jagged chasms which revealed the far heights beyond.

the motion made by flapping up and down

From this reading Startled deer rose up timorously from their beds along the hillside, wild turkeys ran flapping across the path; and along the bluffs the tracks of mountain lion and bear told of others who prowled by night.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Startled deer rose up timorously from their beds along the hillside, wild turkeys ran flapping across the path; and along the bluffs the tracks of mountain lion and bear told of others who prowled by night.

a high place

From this reading The mountains rose up in jumbled and shattered terraces, split here and there by dark and jagged chasms which revealed the far heights beyond.

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading The mountains rose up in jumbled and shattered terraces, split here and there by dark and jagged chasms which revealed the far heights beyond.

the side or slope of a hill

From this reading Startled deer rose up timorously from their beds along the hillside, wild turkeys ran flapping across the path; and along the bluffs the tracks of mountain lion and bear told of others who prowled by night.

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was a rough and thorny trail, winding in and out and up over brushy benches, then down again to the creek.

having a sharply uneven surface or outline

From this reading The mountains rose up in jumbled and shattered terraces, split here and there by dark and jagged chasms which revealed the far heights beyond.

in utter disorder

From this reading The mountains rose up in jumbled and shattered terraces, split here and there by dark and jagged chasms which revealed the far heights beyond.

plural of “juniper” — desert shrub of Syria and Arabia having small white flowers; constitutes the juniper of the Old Testament; sometimes placed in genus Genista

From this reading These were covered with black pines and Douglas spruce, clinging close to the shelving slopes; and below them the oaks and junipers crept in, while at the bottom there was cactus and mesquite.

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

large gregarious predatory feline of Africa and India having a tawny coat with a shaggy mane in the male

From this reading Startled deer rose up timorously from their beds along the hillside, wild turkeys ran flapping across the path; and along the bluffs the tracks of mountain lion and bear told of others who prowled by night.

someone who exhibits great independence in thought and action

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

any of several small spiny trees or shrubs of the genus Prosopis having small flowers in axillary cylindrical spikes followed by large pods rich in sugar

From this reading These were covered with black pines and Douglas spruce, clinging close to the shelving slopes; and below them the oaks and junipers crept in, while at the bottom there was cactus and mesquite.

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Startled deer rose up timorously from their beds along the hillside, wild turkeys ran flapping across the path; and along the bluffs the tracks of mountain lion and bear told of others who prowled by night.

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading The mountains rose up in jumbled and shattered terraces, split here and there by dark and jagged chasms which revealed the far heights beyond.

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Startled deer rose up timorously from their beds along the hillside, wild turkeys ran flapping across the path; and along the bluffs the tracks of mountain lion and bear told of others who prowled by night.

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

plural of “oak” — the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring

From this reading These were covered with black pines and Douglas spruce, clinging close to the shelving slopes; and below them the oaks and junipers crept in, while at the bottom there was cactus and mesquite.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Startled deer rose up timorously from their beds along the hillside, wild turkeys ran flapping across the path; and along the bluffs the tracks of mountain lion and bear told of others who prowled by night.

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading It was a rough and thorny trail, winding in and out and up over brushy benches, then down again to the creek.

above and across; more than

From this reading It was a rough and thorny trail, winding in and out and up over brushy benches, then down again to the creek.

a course of conduct

From this reading Startled deer rose up timorously from their beds along the hillside, wild turkeys ran flapping across the path; and along the bluffs the tracks of mountain lion and bear told of others who prowled by night.

plural of “pine” — a coniferous tree

From this reading These were covered with black pines and Douglas spruce, clinging close to the shelving slopes; and below them the oaks and junipers crept in, while at the bottom there was cactus and mesquite.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Startled deer rose up timorously from their beds along the hillside, wild turkeys ran flapping across the path; and along the bluffs the tracks of mountain lion and bear told of others who prowled by night.

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading Startled deer rose up timorously from their beds along the hillside, wild turkeys ran flapping across the path; and along the bluffs the tracks of mountain lion and bear told of others who prowled by night.

past form of “reveal” — make visible

From this reading The mountains rose up in jumbled and shattered terraces, split here and there by dark and jagged chasms which revealed the far heights beyond.

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading The mountains rose up in jumbled and shattered terraces, split here and there by dark and jagged chasms which revealed the far heights beyond.

having or caused by an irregular surface

From this reading It was a rough and thorny trail, winding in and out and up over brushy benches, then down again to the creek.

ruined or disrupted

From this reading The mountains rose up in jumbled and shattered terraces, split here and there by dark and jagged chasms which revealed the far heights beyond.

-ing form of “shelve” — hold back to a later time

From this reading These were covered with black pines and Douglas spruce, clinging close to the shelving slopes; and below them the oaks and junipers crept in, while at the bottom there was cactus and mesquite.

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

plural of “slope” — an elevated geological formation

From this reading These were covered with black pines and Douglas spruce, clinging close to the shelving slopes; and below them the oaks and junipers crept in, while at the bottom there was cactus and mesquite.

separate into parts or portions

From this reading The mountains rose up in jumbled and shattered terraces, split here and there by dark and jagged chasms which revealed the far heights beyond.

light soft moderately strong wood of spruce trees; used especially for timbers and millwork

From this reading These were covered with black pines and Douglas spruce, clinging close to the shelving slopes; and below them the oaks and junipers crept in, while at the bottom there was cactus and mesquite.

excited by sudden surprise or alarm and making a quick involuntary movement

From this reading Startled deer rose up timorously from their beds along the hillside, wild turkeys ran flapping across the path; and along the bluffs the tracks of mountain lion and bear told of others who prowled by night.

plural of “terrace” — usually paved outdoor area adjoining a residence

From this reading The mountains rose up in jumbled and shattered terraces, split here and there by dark and jagged chasms which revealed the far heights beyond.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Startled deer rose up timorously from their beds along the hillside, wild turkeys ran flapping across the path; and along the bluffs the tracks of mountain lion and bear told of others who prowled by night.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading These were covered with black pines and Douglas spruce, clinging close to the shelving slopes; and below them the oaks and junipers crept in, while at the bottom there was cactus and mesquite.

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading It was a rough and thorny trail, winding in and out and up over brushy benches, then down again to the creek.

in or at that place or location

From this reading The mountains rose up in jumbled and shattered terraces, split here and there by dark and jagged chasms which revealed the far heights beyond.

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These were covered with black pines and Douglas spruce, clinging close to the shelving slopes; and below them the oaks and junipers crept in, while at the bottom there was cactus and mesquite.

bristling with perplexities

From this reading It was a rough and thorny trail, winding in and out and up over brushy benches, then down again to the creek.

in a timorous and trepid manner

From this reading Startled deer rose up timorously from their beds along the hillside, wild turkeys ran flapping across the path; and along the bluffs the tracks of mountain lion and bear told of others who prowled by night.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading Startled deer rose up timorously from their beds along the hillside, wild turkeys ran flapping across the path; and along the bluffs the tracks of mountain lion and bear told of others who prowled by night.

plural of “track” — a line or route along which something travels or moves

From this reading Startled deer rose up timorously from their beds along the hillside, wild turkeys ran flapping across the path; and along the bluffs the tracks of mountain lion and bear told of others who prowled by night.

a track or mark left by something that has passed

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

large gallinaceous bird with fan-shaped tail; widely domesticated for food

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

plural of “turkey” — large gallinaceous bird with fan-shaped tail; widely domesticated for food

From this reading Startled deer rose up timorously from their beds along the hillside, wild turkeys ran flapping across the path; and along the bluffs the tracks of mountain lion and bear told of others who prowled by night.

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading These were covered with black pines and Douglas spruce, clinging close to the shelving slopes; and below them the oaks and junipers crept in, while at the bottom there was cactus and mesquite.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These were covered with black pines and Douglas spruce, clinging close to the shelving slopes; and below them the oaks and junipers crept in, while at the bottom there was cactus and mesquite.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The mountains rose up in jumbled and shattered terraces, split here and there by dark and jagged chasms which revealed the far heights beyond.

during the time that

From this reading These were covered with black pines and Douglas spruce, clinging close to the shelving slopes; and below them the oaks and junipers crept in, while at the bottom there was cactus and mesquite.

a Caucasian

From this reading MAVERICK BASIN The trail to Maverick Basin led north up Turkey Creek; and on both sides of the canyon, in caverns and beneath huge crags, the white houses of the cliff-dwellers caught the eye.

which person or people

From this reading Startled deer rose up timorously from their beds along the hillside, wild turkeys ran flapping across the path; and along the bluffs the tracks of mountain lion and bear told of others who prowled by night.

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading Startled deer rose up timorously from their beds along the hillside, wild turkeys ran flapping across the path; and along the bluffs the tracks of mountain lion and bear told of others who prowled by night.

marked by repeated turns and bends

From this reading It was a rough and thorny trail, winding in and out and up over brushy benches, then down again to the creek.

in the company of; together with

From this reading These were covered with black pines and Douglas spruce, clinging close to the shelving slopes; and below them the oaks and junipers crept in, while at the bottom there was cactus and mesquite.